Lactancia materna y hospital amigo del niño: una necesidad en la provincia de Corrientes

La Lactancia Materna (LM) es la mejor forma de alimentar y criar a un niño, no obstante su práctica se ha reducido paulatinamente. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) junto a UNICEF ha propuesto la “Iniciativa Hospital Amigo” (IHAN), con objetivos tendientes a restablecer y mejorar dicha práctica. Objetivos: Determinar las características socio-demográficas de las madres que asisten a un hospital de referencia de la Provincia de Corrientes; Identificar la influencia del nivel de instrucción materno con la posibilidad de mantener la LM exclusiva; y Evaluar la necesidad de la IHAN en nuestra Provincia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, a través de encuestas a 146 madres de la Maternidad del Hospital “Dr. José R. Vidal” en el período de Agosto a Diciembre del 2010. Resultados: El 79,5% estaba entre los 15 y 30 años; 53,4% se encontraban separadas o en concubinato, el 52,7% tenía un nivel de instrucción moderado; 97,9% consideraba importante amamantar, el 78,1% daría pecho exclusivo; 45,2% daría LM hasta el año; el 81,5% no trabaja fuera del hogar; 40,4% recibió información del equipo de salud; el 89% asistiría a un centro de apoyo de lactancia. Discusión: El IHAN, es una necesidad en nuestra región; lo que posibilitaría que el deseo expresado por las madres de amamantar más allá de los 6 meses y de contar con apoyo asistencial, sea posible.Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is the best way to feed and raise a child, however the practice has declined gradually. The World Health Organization (WHO) together with UNICEF has proposed the "Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative" (BFHI), with objectives aimed at restoring and improving the practice. Objectives: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers attending a referral hospital in the province of Corrientes, Identify the influence of mother's education level with the ability to maintain exclusive BF, and Evaluate the need for the BFHI in our province. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study of cross-section through surveys of 146 mothers in the Maternity Hospital "Dr. José R. Vidal" in the period from August to December 2010. Results: 79.5% were between 15 and 30 years, 53.4% were separated or cohabiting, 52.7% had a moderate level of education, 97.9% considered it important to breastfeed, 78.1% would exclusively breastfed, 45.2% would give for a year BF, 81.5% do not work outside the home, 40.4% received information from the health team, 89% would attend a breastfeeding support center. Discussion: The BFHI is a necessity in our region, that would allow the desire of mothers to breastfeed beyond 6 months and to have care support.Fil: Niello, Esteban N.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Palma Pérez, Ricardo D.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Pasetto, Raúl I.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Horna, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hidalgo, Susana. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentin

La vivienda de los tres espacios de Portoviejo como patrimonio cultural de las comunidades rurales manabitas

This article is the result of five-year scientific research on Manabi vernacular architecture where the type of "dwellings of the three spaces" was studied. The article aims to reveal the cultural values ​​and traditions in houses of three spaces located in rural communities of Portoviejo, in Manabí, Ecuador. Qualitative research was used. Techniques of semi-structured interviews, such as life stories, scientific observation, and analysis of the contents of archives and historical documents were carried out. 309 homes were studied. Variables like cultural identity, constructive traditions, and uses of the spaces were identified. The results showed houses of the three Manabi spaces have been a historical-cultural construction of their town transmitted from generation to generation. Economic, aesthetic, historical, use, formal, and symbolic values ​​that correspond to those indicated in the Unesco charts as part of vernacular architecture, are attributed in these houses. Homes of three spaces have been preserved by rural peoples, are sustainable edifications, and preserve values ​​in the natural environments where it is located.Este artículo es el resultado de un quinquenio de investigación científica sobre la arquitectura vernácula manabita donde se estudió el tipo de “viviendas de los tres espacios”. El artículo tiene como objetivo revelar los valores y tradiciones culturales de las viviendas de los tres espacios en las comunidades rurales de Portoviejo, en Manabí, Ecuador. Se hizo uso de la investigación cualitativa, para lo cual se utilizaron las técnicas de entrevistas semiestructuradas, historias de vidas, observación científica y análisis de contenidos de archivos y documentos históricos. Se estudiaron 309 viviendas. Se identificaron las variables de identidad cultural, tradiciones constructivas y usos de los espacios. Los resultados revelan que las viviendas de los tres espacios manabitas ha sido una construcción histórico-cultural de su pueblo transmitida de generación en generación. A estas viviendas se le atribuyen valores económicos, estéticos, históricos, de uso, formal y simbólico que se corresponden a los señalados en las cartas de la Unesco como parte de la arquitectura vernácula. Las viviendas de los tres espacios han sido conservadas por los pueblos rurales, son sostenibles y preservan sus valores en los entornos naturales donde están localizadas

La vivienda de los tres espacios de Portoviejo como patrimonio cultural de las comunidades rurales manabitas

This article is the result of five-year scientific research on Manabi vernacular architecture where the type of "dwellings of the three spaces" was studied. The article aims to reveal the cultural values ​​and traditions in houses of three spaces located in rural communities of Portoviejo, in Manabí, Ecuador. Qualitative research was used. Techniques of semi-structured interviews, such as life stories, scientific observation, and analysis of the contents of archives and historical documents were carried out. 309 homes were studied. Variables like cultural identity, constructive traditions, and uses of the spaces were identified. The results showed houses of the three Manabi spaces have been a historical-cultural construction of their town transmitted from generation to generation. Economic, aesthetic, historical, use, formal, and symbolic values ​​that correspond to those indicated in the Unesco charts as part of vernacular architecture, are attributed in these houses. Homes of three spaces have been preserved by rural peoples, are sustainable edifications, and preserve values ​​in the natural environments where it is located.Este artículo es el resultado de un quinquenio de investigación científica sobre la arquitectura vernácula manabita donde se estudió el tipo de “viviendas de los tres espacios”. El artículo tiene como objetivo revelar los valores y tradiciones culturales de las viviendas de los tres espacios en las comunidades rurales de Portoviejo, en Manabí, Ecuador. Se hizo uso de la investigación cualitativa, para lo cual se utilizaron las técnicas de entrevistas semiestructuradas, historias de vidas, observación científica y análisis de contenidos de archivos y documentos históricos. Se estudiaron 309 viviendas. Se identificaron las variables de identidad cultural, tradiciones constructivas y usos de los espacios. Los resultados revelan que las viviendas de los tres espacios manabitas ha sido una construcción histórico-cultural de su pueblo transmitida de generación en generación. A estas viviendas se le atribuyen valores económicos, estéticos, históricos, de uso, formal y simbólico que se corresponden a los señalados en las cartas de la Unesco como parte de la arquitectura vernácula. Las viviendas de los tres espacios han sido conservadas por los pueblos rurales, son sostenibles y preservan sus valores en los entornos naturales donde están localizadas

Renewable energy sources on the change of energy matrix in Manabí province

The exploitation, distribution, and consumption of energy have caused the greatest environmental pollution on the planet and accelerated climate change; even though it has been the promoter of the social, economic development of many generations. Contemporary man can continue to increase his social development, but looking for alternatives to energy development. The work shows a model of energy development that will guarantee the sustainability of social development in the areas of the province of Manabí where energy arrives with low quality and in other places does not exist. The objective of the work is to propose the diversification of the energy matrix from the gradual and progressive introduction of technologies based on the use of renewable resources that it has was distributed in the territory of the province. This result will allow the use of indigenous renewable resources, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the quality of life of populations based on the principle of energy sustainability

Gold Nanosystems Covered with Doxorubicin/DNA Complexes: A Therapeutic Target for Prostate and Liver Cancer

Different gold nanosystems covered with DNA and doxorubicin (Doxo) were designed and synthesized for cancer therapy, starting from Au@16-Ph-16 cationic nanoparticles and DNA–Doxo complexes prepared under saturation conditions. For the preparation of stable, biocompatible, and small-sized compacted Au@16-Ph-16/DNA–Doxo nanotransporters, the conditions for the DNA–Doxo compaction process induced by gold nanoparticles were first explored using fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism and atomic force microscopy techniques. The reverse process, which is fundamental for Doxo liberation at the site of action, was found to occur at higher CAu@16-Ph-16 concentrations using these techniques. Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and UV–visible spectroscopy reveal that the prepared compacted nanosystems are stable, highly charged and of adequate size for the effective delivery of Doxo to the cell. This fact is verified by in vitro biocompatibility and internalization studies using two prostate cancer-derived cell lines (LNCaP and DU145) and one hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line (SNU-387), as well as a non-tumor prostate (PNT2) cell line and a non-hepatocarcinoma hepatoblastoma cell line (Hep-G2) model used as a control in liver cells. However, the most outstanding results of this work are derived from the use of the CI+NI combined treatments which present strong action in cancer-derived cell lines, while a protective effect is observed in non-tumor cell lines. Hence, novel therapeutic targets based on gold nanoparticles denote high selectivity compared to conventional treatment based on free Doxo at the same concentration. The results obtained show the viability of both the proposed methodology for internalization of compacted nanocomplexes inside the cell and the effectiveness of the possible treatment and minimization of side effects in prostate and liver cancer

Critical numerical analysis of quasi‑two‑dimensional silo‑hopper discharging

We present a critical comparative analysis between numerical and experimental results of quasi-two-dimensional silo and hopper flows. In our approach, the Discrete Element Method was employed to describe a single-layer mono-disperse sphere confined by two parallel walls with an orifice at the bottom. As a first step, we examined the discharge process, varying the size of the outlet and the hopper angle. Next, we set the simulation parameters fitting the experimental flow rate values obtained experimentally. Remarkably, the numerical model captured the slight non-monotonic dependence of the flow rate with the hopper angle, which was detected experimentally. Additionally, we analyzed the vertical velocity and solid fractions profiles at the outlet numerically and experimentally. Although numerical results also agreed with the experimental observations, a slight deviation appeared systematically between both approaches. Finally, we explored the impact of the system’s confinement on this process, examining the consequences of particle-particle and particle-wall friction on the system macroscopic response. We mainly found that the degree of confinement and particle-wall friction have a relevant impact on the outflow dynamics. Our analysis demonstrated that the naive 2D approximation of this 3D flow process fails to describe it accurately

Influencia de la distribución de parición anual y el aprovechamiento del pasto en los resultados alcanzados en vaquerías de la cuenca de Jimagüayú, Camagüey. I. Indicadores productivos y reproductivos

The impact of annual calving distribution upon productive and reproductive indicators on commercial dairy farms was determined in twenty-two dairy production centers during four years (April 2001-March 2005). Calving distribution into four groups was assessed every three-month intervals by calving percentages. Botanical composition and available pasture and forage utilization were estimated. Besides, seasonal annual forage balance and average forage availability per dairy cow and cattle unit were determined for each group. Performance of some indicators associated with herd composition, weaning, reproduction, and mortality, as well as milk production performance were analyzed. Although forage balance was negative as a whole, a better forage availability was detected from April to June with a forage production potentially suitable for consumption of 3,79 tons of dry matter. This three-month interval also showed a higher calving percent for Group 4, as well as an increase in birth rate up to 62,3 % and a decrease in intercalving period (586 days) and calf mortality rate (1,9%), which were significantly different from the other three groups (p<0,05). The best results registered for milk production corresponded to Group 4 either, showing differences of 25 399 kg, 18 613 kg, and 12 391 kg concerning groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de la distribución anual de parición en los indicadores productivos y reproductivos en vaquerías comerciales, se estudiaron 22 unidades productoras de leche (UPL) durante cuatro años (abril de 2001 a marzo de 2005). Se analizó la distribución de pariciones según trimestres del año y por ciento de pariciones (cuatro grupos). Se estimaron la composición botánica y rendimientos de los pastos y forrajes disponibles, así como el balance forrajero anual por época en función de los grupos, la disponibilidad por vaca y por unidad de ganado mayor (UGM) promedio en cada grupo. Se estudió el comportamiento de algunos indicadores relativos a la estructura del rebaño, lactancia, reproducción y mortalidad, así como el comportamiento de la producción de leche entre los grupos. Aun cuando los balances forrajeros fueron negativos, se alcanzó mejor disponibilidad forrajera cuando el mayor por ciento de parición ocurrió en abril-junio (G-4), donde el forraje producido potencialmente utilizable (FPPU/vaca/año) fue de 3,79 t MS. Para este grupo se determinó incremento de la natalidad hasta el 62,3 %, con reducción del IPP (586 días) y la mortalidad de terneros (1,9 %), diferentes significativamente al resto de los grupos (P ≤ 0,05). Los mejores resultados en la producción de leche fueron a favor del G-4, con diferencias de 25 399 kg, 18 613 kg y 12 391 kg en relación a los grupos 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente

LRP10, PGK1 and RPLP0: best reference genes in periprostatic adipose tissue under obesity and prostate cancer conditions

Obesity (OB) is a metabolic disorder characterized by adipose tissue dysfunction that has emerged as a health problem of epidemic proportions in recent decades. OB is associated with multiple comorbidities, including some types of cancers. Specifically, prostate cancer (PCa) has been postulated as one of the tumors that could have a causal relationship with OB. Particularly, a specialized adipose tissue (AT) depot known as periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) has gained increasing attention over the last few years as it could be a key player in the pathophysiological interaction between PCa and OB. However, to date, no studies have defined the most appropriate internal reference genes (IRGs) to be used in gene expression studies in this AT depot. In this work, two independent cohorts of PPAT samples (n = 20/n = 48) were used to assess the validity of a battery of 15 literature-selected IRGs using two widely used techniques (reverse transcription quantitative PCR [RT-qPCR] and microfluidic-based qPCR array). For this purpose, ΔCt method, GeNorm (v3.5), BestKeeper (v1.0), NormFinder (v.20.0), and RefFinder software were employed to assess the overall trends of our analyses. LRP10, PGK1, and RPLP0 were identified as the best IRGs to be used for gene expression studies in human PPATs, specifically when considering PCa and OB conditions

Influencia de la distribución de parición anual y el aprovechamiento del pasto en los resultados alcanzados en vaquerías de la cuenca lechera de Jimagüayú, Camagüey. II. Indicadores económicos y de eficiencia productiva

Annual calving distribution impact upon economic and productive-efficiency indicators was determined on 22 commercial dairy farms affiliated to Triángulo Uno Livestock Enterprise. To this end, farms were divided into four groups based on calving percentages every three-month intervals all year round. Efficiency was measured by physical and financial indicators. Dairy farms from Group 4 showed the best results (P < 0,05) in milk production efficiency (0,26 t milk/t forage), productive efficiency (1 237 kg milk/ha), and economic efficiency ($0,61/kg milk). These farms reached 65$ 0,52/kg milk) under restricted grazing as well as higher calving percentages associated with the highest grass growing period.Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de la distribución anual de parición en los indicadores económicos y de eficiencia productiva en vaquerías comerciales, se utilizaron los datos de 22 vaquerías de la Empresa Pecuaria Triángulo 1, en cuatro grupos según por cientos de partos ocurridos en los cuatro trimestres del año. Se tuvo en cuenta los indicadores físicos y contables para los análisis de eficiencia. Los mejores resultados (P ≤ 0,05) en la eficiencia láctea (0,26 t leche/t forraje), eficiencia productiva (1 237 kg leche/ha) y económica ($0,61/kg de leche) se alcanzaron en las unidades del grupo 4, con el 65$ 0,52/ kg de leche) en condiciones de restricción alimentaria, con alto por ciento de parición en el período de mayor crecimiento de la hierba