Blackspot seabream early life stages dispersal by hydrodynamic modelling (Strait of Gibraltar - Alboran Sea)

The Blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) is a commercially appreciated demersal fish, widespread in the north-eastern Atlantic and middle-western Mediterranean. The Strait of Gibraltar (SoG) is an important fishing area where artisanal fleets from Spain and Morocco target this species using special longline gears known as “voracera”. Different studies on the health status of this species claim an overexploitation of the resource without any kind of objective management measures implemented yet by the associated countries. Improving the knowledge of the population dynamics, and particularly during the spawning window, is crucial for a better management of the fishing effort for this species. There is an agreement in literature in considering the SoG as an especially energetic and dispersive spawning zone for this species. Once spawned, eggs and larvae (ELS) are assumed to be scattered by the currents towards both sides of the SoG, mostly to the eastwards Alboran basin, where high concentrations of juveniles occur. A high resolution hydrodynamic model coupled to a Lagrangian particle tracking system is employed to assess the potential dispersal pathways of blackspot seabream ELS spawned in the SoG. Recursive releases of passive tracers in different virtual spawning spots and depths within the SoG region are tracked under different tidal conditions in order to obtain an overall characterization of the spatial dispersion patterns of the studied species. Semidiurnal tidal currents emerge as the primary factor in determining the horizontal dispersion and pathway of the spawning products, although the spring-neap tidal cycle and the spawning depth can be also important variables depending on the region considered as well as the arrival zone for the ELS dispersal paths over the Alboran SeaUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional CEIMA

Prevalencia de los desórdenes del desarrollo en un hospital de 3er nivel de Santo Domingo Norte, República Dominicana

Introducción: los desórdenes del desarrollo en pediatría son un conjunto de patologías cuya prevalencia ha aumentado en los últimos años, siendo estimada globalmente 13.3 % de la población mundial pediátrica. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de análisis descriptivo, de corte transversal y recolección de datos retrospectivo desde enero hasta septiembre del 2019 en la base de datos de consulta externa del Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Hugo Mendoza, con el objetivo de establecer la prevalencia de los desórdenes del desarrollo infantil. Resultados: la prevalencia de desórdenes del desarrollo fue de 21.7/1000 atendidos en el centro, donde prevaleció como causa la epilepsia. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de los desórdenes del desarrollo es de un 2.17 % de la población pediátrica, siendo el sexo más afectado el masculino, y el trastorno más frecuente la epilepsia

Multiplicative mixed-effects modelling of dengue incidence: an analysis of the 2019 outbreak in the Dominican Republic

Dengue is a vector-borne disease that is endemic to several countries, including the Dominican Republic, which has experienced dengue outbreaks for over four decades. With outbreaks growing in incidence in recent years, it is becoming increasingly important to develop better tools to understand drivers of dengue transmission. Such tools are critical for providing timely information to assist healthcare authorities in preparing human, material, and medical resources for outbreaks. Here, we investigate associations between meteorological variables and dengue transmission in the Dominican Republic in 2019, the year in which the country’s largest outbreak to date ocurred. We apply generalized linear mixed modelling with gamma family and log link to model the weekly dengue incidence rate. Because correlations in lags between climate variables and dengue cases exhibited different behaviour among provinces, a backward-type selection method was executed to find a final model with lags in the explanatory variables. We find that in the best models, meteorological conditions such as temperature and rainfall have an impact with a delay of 2–5 weeks in the development of an outbreak, ensuring breeding conditions for mosquitoes.publishe

Hydrodinamic connectivity and dispersal patterns in the Strait of Gibraltar: implications for a transboundary species

The blackspot seabream is a highly appreciated species that has an important target of the Spanish and Moroccan fisheries in the transcontinental waters of the Strait of Gibraltar area (Gil, 2006). It is also one of the most exploited resources of the region, which has led to a notable drop of catches over the years, arriving to a vulnerable status nowadays. Consequently, a reduction of fishing mortality towards sustainability levels was recommended (GFCM, 2021). Improving our knowledge on the interaction of this species with its physical environment is a key issue in the efforts towards rebuilding the fishery target population until its maximum sustainable yield (Cowen et al., 2006). To gain insight into this interaction, a high-resolution circulation model coupled to a lagrangian tracking module has been employed, using eggs and larvae (early-life-stages, ELS) as purely passive particles advected by simulated currents. Several spawning scenarios consisting of different temporal (tidal phase and strength) and spatial (depths and sites) initial conditions have been analyzed to identify the most likely pathways of ELS dispersion. Eastward transport by the Atlantic Jet exiting the Strait of Gibraltar is the most influencing process in that dispersion. Regarding temporal fluctuations, fortnightly tidal modulation appears to be the prevailing factor determining the horizontal paths of ELS, being the spring tide responsible of the greatest scattering of eggs and larvae. Interestingly, the spatial distribution numerically simulated is consistent with results of larvae distribution obtained from samples collected during recent scientific surveys. The results presented in this study can be certainly different attending to the species strategy. The role of other important larval traits not included in this study requires also further research that may help decision-makers to establish biological rest periods that lead to maximize connectivity and sustainability

Hydrodynamic connectivity and dispersal patterns of a transboundary species (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Strait of Gibraltar and adjacent basins

The blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) is a benthopelagic fish species highlyappreciated by consumers and an important target of the Spanish and Moroccan fish-eries in the transcontinental waters of the Strait of Gibraltar area. It is also one of themost exploited resources of the region, which has led to a situation of overex-ploitation and a notable drop of catches. To gain insight into the sustainability of thisresource and certain patterns of the spatial adaptation of the species, a high-resolution circulation model coupled to a Lagrangian tracking module has beenemployed to investigate the dispersal pathways of blackspot seabream, using eggsand larvae (early-life-stages, ELS) as purely passive particles advected by currents.Several spawning scenarios consisting of different spatial (depths and sites) and tem-poral (tidal phase and strength) initial conditions have been analyzed to identify themost likely pathways of ELS dispersion. Eastward transport by the Atlantic Jet exitingthe Strait of Gibraltar is the most influencing process in that dispersion. Regardingtemporal fluctuations, fortnightly tidal modulation is the prevailing factor to deter-mine the horizontal paths of the ELS, spring tides being the cause of the greatestscattering of propagules. Spawning depth in the Strait of Gibraltar is a critical condi-tion, as revealed by the model sensitivity tests. Potential implications of the results ofthe study to improve the assessment and management of this species are discussed.This work was partially funded by the FAO Project: CopeMed phase II “Coordination to Support Fisheries Management in the Western and Central Mediterranean” and the General Fisheries Commission of the Mediterranean GFCM, both with the financial support of the Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the European Commission (DG-MARE) and the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Food. Funding for open access charge was provided by Universidad de Málaga/CBUA

Current considerations on treatment options for patients with benign nontoxic multinodular goiter

Introduction: Benign nontoxic multinodular goiter is one of the most common endocrine diseases and there is no consensus on the ideal treatment. The options should be evaluated individually, for each patient, taking into account factors such as risk-benefit ratio, patient preference and experience of the treating physician. Objective: To update the knowledge of therapeutic options for patients with benign nontoxic multinodular goiter. Development: The current alternatives for treatment are: clinical follow-up for asymptomatic patients; suppressive therapy with levothyroxine; therapy with radioactive iodine alone or preceded by recombinant human TSH and surgical intervention. Other authors include within these alternatives, minimally invasive techniques. Conclusions: Surgical intervention is the fundamental option for the treatment of the symptomatic patient. Minimally invasive procedures show good results in improving quality of life and patient satisfaction. More long-term follow-up studies of these patients are required

Excited States of Six Anthocyanidin Variants with Different Solvents as Dye Sensitizers for Photocatalysis

Anthocyanidins in the gas phase and under the effects of solvents such as water, ethanol, n-hexane, and methanol have been studied using DFT and TDDFT electronic structure calculations for applications as natural dyes in photocatalysis. The results include HOMO and LUMO orbitals, HOMO-LUMO gap, chemical properties, reorganization energies, and excited states. Malvidin presented the lower HOMO-LUMO gap energy. After the inclusion of solvents, HOMO-LUMO gap energy increased in all cases, presenting malvidin with n-hexane as the narrower gap energy. Conceptual DFT results showed that cyanidin, malvidin, and pelargonidin present good charge transfer properties. Cyanidin presented a lower electron reorganization energy (λe) when water is used as the solvent. TDDFT has been used for excited states calculation and absorption data show the main peaks in a wavelength between 479.1 and 536.4 nm. The UV–Vis absorption spectra were generated and the solvent effects in each case are discussed. In consequence, pigments selected in this attempt are suitable to work in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum and display the main peak in the green region. These pigments are found as good options for photocatalysis applications, and the best choices for dye sensitization are cyanidin, malvidin, and petunidin after including the more common anthocyanidins in the analysis

Caracterización del cáncer de esófago en pacientes operados. Hospital "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay"

Introducción: el cáncer de esófago es una de las neoplasias más agresivas del tracto digestivo. La cirugía es el método fundamental de tratamiento, con una alta frecuencia de complicaciones. Objetivo: caracterizar el cáncer de esófago en pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y con carácter prospectivo, en el Hospital "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay", entre enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2012. Universo de 62 pacientes. Se incluyeron pacientes con cáncer de esófago sometidos a resección. Las variables cualitativas se describieron estadísticamente mediante cifras frecuenciales y porcentuales. Resultados: el 82.3% perteneció al sexo masculino. El tercio inferior del esófago fue el más afectado en 42.2%. La variedad histológica que predominó fue el adenocarcioma en 59.7%. La mayoría de los pacientes se diagnosticaron en estadio IIb (41.9 %). La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue la de Ivor Lewis (58.1%) y la sutura que más se realizó fue la mecánica. La estenosis de la anastomosis fue la complicación más frecuente en 12.9% y apareció solo cuando se realizó la sutura manual de la anastomosis. El tipo de sutura más utilizada fue la manual en 17.4%. La sobrevida postoperatoria fue de 17.7% a los 5 años. Conclusiones: predominaron los pacientes mayores de 60 años y pertenecientes al sexo masculino. La localización más frecuente fue en tercio inferior, con predominio del adenocarcinoma. La mayoría fueron diagnosticados en estadio IIb. La estenosis posquirúrgica fue la complicación más frecuente. La sobrevida postoperatoria fue aceptable. Palabras clave: cáncer de esófago, resección esofágica, técnica de Ivor Lewis. </p

LOS PROBLEMAS MATEMÁTICOS Y SU APRENDIZAJE DESDE LA VIDA Y PARA LA VIDA, EN ESCOLARES PRIMARIOS

The Students´s integral formation, on the base of the existent educational scenarios, is the challenge that the primary teachers assume at the present time, since it guarantees it to maintain and to perpetuate the Cuban Revolution values, This project is related with the understands working toward the understanding of the reality for the solution of mathematic problems, and its later practical application in the different areas of the student, labor and social life. The objective of this investigation is to improve of the solution of mathematic problems from the structuring and contextualizing of cultural, ideological, political and social thematic that the students will have to face in the future. The validity of the proposal was verified with the use of different methods, procedures and alternative in favor of the application of the proposal for the development of the objective that intends.La formación integral del escolar, sobre la base de los escenarios educativos existentes, es el reto que asumen los maestros primarios en la actualidad, ya que ello garantiza mantener y perpetuar las conquistas de la Revolución Cubana, de lo cual se deriva el presente trabajo que comprende el accionar hacia la comprensión de la realidad para la solución de problemas matemáticos, y su posterior aplicación práctica en las distintas esferas de la vida estudiantil, laboral y social. La investigación tiene como objetivo favorecer el aprendizaje de los problemas matemáticos desde la estructuración y contextualización de temáticas culturales, ideológicas, políticas y sociales relacionadas con el entorno escolar y contextualizadas en su futuro. La validez de la propuesta se constató con el uso de diferentes métodos, procedimientos y alternativas a favor de la aplicación de la propuesta para el desarrollo del objetivo que se propone

Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone combined therapy for enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis in opat

Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (AC) is a well-recognized inpatient regimen for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (IE). In this regimen, ceftriaxone is usually administered 2 g every 2 h (AC12). The administration of AC in outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT) programs is challenging because multiple daily doses are required. AC regimens useful for OPAT programs include once-daily high-dose administration of ceftriaxone (AC24) or AC co-diluted and jointly administered in bolus every 4 h (ACjoined). In this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected cases, we aimed to assess the clinical effectivity and safety of three AC regimens for the treatment of E. faecalis IE. Fifty-nine patients were treated with AC combinations (AC12 n = 32, AC24 n = 17, and ACjoined n = 10). Six relapses occurred in the whole cohort: five (29.4%) treated with AC24 regimen and one (10.0%) with ACjoined. Patients were cured in 30 (93.3%), 16 (94.1%), and eight (80.0%) cases in the AC12, AC24 and ACjoined groups, respectively. Unplanned readmission occurred in eight (25.0%), six (35.3%), and two (20.0%) patients in the AC12, AC24 and ACjoined groups, respectively. The outcome of patients with E. faecalis IE treated with AC in OPAT programs relies on an optimization of the delivery of the combination. AC24 exhibit an unexpected rate of failures, however, ACjoined might be an effective alternative which clinical results should corroborate in further studies