Strategies For Support Based on The Articulation of Secondary and Higher Education in Accordance with Educational Gaps

The development of an articulation process from the point of view of secondary education and how it is articulated with higher education generates new management models that shows that the applied point recognizes the case of the school Institución Educativa Distrital El Rodeo, hereinafter (I.E.D.) with the student population of the eleventh grade, it is sought to respond to What importance has the directive management in the processes of articulation of secondary education with higher education to facilitate the continuous improvement of the educational quality? In order to develop this problem, the processes of directive management are analyzed, under the analysis of the research that will allow visualizing the antecedents, which have been previously worked in favor of the strengthening of the educational quality from the articulation in secondary education. The methodological approach that was applied to address this qualitative approach and the instrument applied was through questionnaires applied to eleventh grade students and teachers who guided the subjects in the middle school stage, the value of the findings recognizes the importance of articulating education with the productive sectors and regional development. &nbsp

Synergistic Role of Water and Oxygen Leads to Degradation in Formamidinium-Based Halide Perovskites

Mixed-cation metal halide perovskites have shown remarkable progress in photovoltaic applications with high power conversion efficiencies. However, to achieve large-scale deployment of this technology, efficiencies must be complemented by long-term durability. The latter is limited by external factors, such as exposure to humidity and air, which lead to the rapid degradation of the perovskite materials and devices. In this work, we study the mechanisms causing Cs and formamidinium (FA)-based halide perovskite phase transformations and stabilization during moisture and air exposure. We use in situ X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations to study these chemical interactions and their effects on structure. We unravel a surface reaction pathway involving the dissolution of FAI by water and iodide oxidation by oxygen, driving the Cs/FA ratio into thermodynamically unstable regions, leading to undesirable phase transformations. This work demonstrates the interplay of bulk phase transformations with surface chemical reactions, providing a detailed understanding of the degradation mechanism and strategies for designing durable and efficient perovskite materials

Solvent and A-Site Cation Control Preferred Crystallographic Orientation in Bromine-Based Perovskite Thin Films

Preferred crystallographic orientation in polycrystalline films is desirable for efficient charge carrier transport in metal halide perovskites and semiconductors. However, the mechanisms that determine the preferred orientation of halide perovskites are still not well understood. In this work, we investigate crystallographic orientation in lead bromide perovskites. We show that the solvent of the precursor solution and organic A-site cation strongly affect the preferred orientation of the deposited perovskite thin films. Specifically, we show that the solvent, dimethylsulfoxide, influences the early stages of crystallization and induces preferred orientation in the deposited films by preventing colloidal particle interactions. Additionally, the methylammonium A-site cation induces a higher degree of preferred orientation than the formamidinium counterpart. We use density functional theory to show that the lower surface energy of the (100) plane facets in methylammonium-based perovskites, compared to the (110) planes, is the reason for the higher degree of preferred orientation. In contrast, the surface energy of the (100) and (110) facets is similar for formamidinium-based perovskites, leading to lower degree of preferred orientation. Furthermore, we show that different A-site cations do not significantly affect ion diffusion in bromine-based perovskite solar cells but impact ion density and accumulation, leading to increased hysteresis. Our work highlights the interplay between the solvent and organic A-site cation which determine crystallographic orientation and plays a critical role in the electronic properties and ionic migration of solar cells

Cambio generacional en las relaciones de género y poder de mujeres rurales : el caso de Sotaquirá, Boyacá

The current social dynamics in Colombia have led to the transformation of the role of women in rural and urban contexts and the opening of new opportunities for their participation in different economic activities and social scenarios. In order to understand the changes in the power and gender relation at the rural scenario and its relation with the transformations of its social and economic context, a qualitative research was carried out with an intergenerational look around the situation of the women in the municipality of Sotaquirá in Boyacá. This research project deepened in the aspects of participation in the educational and labor field, use of the time, participation in social organizations and capacity of negotiation and decision were deepened. As a result of the research, processes of empowerment between generations have been found, as well as new dynamics that have contributed to the exercise of rural woman agency.--Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado.Las actuales dinámicas sociales en Colombia han conducido a que tanto en contextos rurales y urbanos se haya transformado el rol de las mujeres y se hayan abierto nuevos espacios para su participación en diferentes actividades económicas y escenarios sociales. Con el objetivo de conocer cuáles son los cambios en las relaciones de poder y género en el escenario rural y su relación con las transformaciones de su contexto social y económico, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con una mirada intergeneracional en torno a la situación de las mujeres en el municipio de Sotaquirá en Boyacá. En esta se profundizaron los aspectos de participación en el campo educativo y laboral, uso del tiempo, participación en organizaciones sociales y capacidad de negociación y decisión. Como resultado de la investigación se hallaron procesos de empoderamiento entre generaciones, así como nuevas dinámicas que han contribuido al ejercicio de su agencia.--Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado.Magíster en Estudios Interdisciplinarios sobre DesarrolloMaestrí

Meanings that young people give to their experience of using psychoactive substances (PAS)

El presente trabajo busca identificar los significados que los y las jóvenes entre los 20 y 24 años le otorgan al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) a partir de sus propias experiencias de consumo. De acuerdo con lo anterior, a través de una metodología cualitativa de construcción de relatos biográficos, se llevó a cabo un análisis a partir de lo que se entiende por juventud, la relación que hay con el consumo (efectos y uso diferenciado) y el estigma que hay sobre los y las consumidoras. La intención del estudio fue reconocer las diferentes relaciones que se pueden establecer con el uso de SPA, algunas de las cuales rompen con los imaginarios sociales frente al mismo y hacia los y las consumidoras. Así, se encontró que, el significado que los y las jóvenes le otorgan a sus experiencias de consumo se ve atravesado por aspectos como su relación con las sustancias (acercamiento, propósitos, etapa de la vida, postura frente a las SPA), las características de su consumo (sustancias, contextos, frecuencia, miedos, abstinencia) y los estereotipos a los que se enfrentan. Concluyendo, dado que cada experiencia es diferente, y que dichos elementos varían dependiendo de la realidad de cada persona, se debe evitar su generalización. Además, se encontró que dichas vivencias dan lugar a procesos de reflexión que posibilitan la adopción de una postura crítica frente al tema y prácticas de resistencia.The present work seeks to identify the meanings that young people between 20 and 24 years old give to the use of psychoactive substances (PAS) based on their own experiences of consumption. In accordance with the above, through a qualitative methodology of construction of biographical stories, an analysis was carried out based on what is understood by youth, the relationship with consumption (effects and differentiated use) and stigma that falls on consumers. The intention of the study was to recognize the different relationships that can be established with the use of SPA, some of which break with the social imaginaries of it and towards consumers. Thus, it was found that, the meaning that young people give to their experiences of consumption is crossed by aspects such as their relationship with substances (approach, purposes, stage of life, position in front of the SPA), the characteristics of their consumption (substances, contexts, frequency, fears, abstinence) and the stereotypes they face. In conclusion, given that each experience is different, and that these elements vary depending on the reality of each person, their generalization should be avoided. In addition, it was found that these experiences give rise to reflection processes that make it possible to adopt a critical stance on the issue and resistance practices.Psicólogo (a)Pregrad

Determinación de la presencia de nitratos/nitritos y manganeso en el agua proveniente del pozo que alimenta la zona baja del cantón Huaquillas.

The objective of this research was to determine the levels of nitrates, nitrites and manganese in the water from the "Parador Turístico" well; in addition the presence of pathogens and its influence on the health of the inhabitants of the La Primavera, Miraflores, 24 de Mayo, Milton Reyes, and  9 de Octubre citadels from the lower part of the Huaquillas canton. Five points of water samples from the study area were taken, as well as 379 inhabitants were surveyed. From the obtained analysis, the levels of nitrate and manganese present in the “Parador Turístico” well water and the water sampling points citadels were verified and assessed; these results are below and above the allowable limits for human consumption, respectively, therefore it affects the quality of water, in addition there is a high presence of pathogens in the sector water. Accordingly, it was concluded that this represents potential problems to the health of the population which makes use of it. 50% of the people surveyed considered that the water quality from the public network is regular, and 64% of the population considers that it is not suitable for consumption.El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue determinar los niveles de nitratos, nitritos y manganeso en el agua del pozo “Parador Turístico”; además, la presencia de agentes patógenos y su incidencia en la salud de los habitantes de las Ciudadelas: La Primavera, Miraflores, 24 de Mayo, Milton Reyes y 9 de Octubre de la parte baja del cantón Huaquillas. Se tomó 5 puntos de muestras de agua, además se encuestó a 379 habitantes. De los análisis obtenidos se  verificó y evaluó los niveles de nitratos y de manganeso presentes en el agua del pozo Parador Turístico y en los puntos de toma de muestra de las ciudadelas analizadas, resultó que están muy por debajo y por encima de los límites permisibles para consumo humano, respectivamente, por lo tanto nos afecta la calidad de agua, sumado a ello existe un alta presencia de agentes patógenos en el agua distribuida al sector. Por consiguiente, se concluyó que esto representa posibles problemas a la salud de la población que hace uso de ella. 50% de las personas encuestadas consideró que la calidad del agua de la red pública es regular, y 64% de la población considera que no es apta para el consumo

Determinación de la presencia de nitratos/nitritos y manganeso en el agua proveniente del pozo que alimenta la zona baja del cantón Huaquillas.// Determination of the presence of nitrates/nitrites and manganese in the water from the well that feeds the lower area of the Huaquillas Canton

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue determinar los niveles de nitratos, nitritos y manganeso en el agua del pozo “Parador Turístico”; además, la presencia de agentes patógenos y su incidencia en la salud de los habitantes de las Ciudadelas: La Primavera, Miraflores, 24 de Mayo, Milton Reyes y 9 de Octubre de la parte baja del cantón Huaquillas. Se tomó 5 puntos de muestras de agua, además se encuestó a 379 habitantes. De los análisis obtenidos se  verificó y evaluó los niveles de nitratos y de manganeso presentes en el agua del pozo Parador Turístico y en los puntos de toma de muestra de las ciudadelas analizadas, resultó que están muy por debajo y por encima de los límites permisibles para consumo humano, respectivamente, por lo tanto nos afecta la calidad de agua, sumado a ello existe un alta presencia de agentes patógenos en el agua distribuida al sector. Por consiguiente, se concluyó que esto representa posibles problemas a la salud de la población que hace uso de ella. 50% de las personas encuestadas consideró que la calidad del agua de la red pública es regular, y 64% de la población considera que no es apta para el consumo.ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to determine the levels of nitrates, nitrites and manganese in the water from the "Parador Turístico" well; in addition the presence of pathogens and its influence on the health of the inhabitants of the La Primavera, Miraflores, 24 de Mayo, Milton Reyes, and  9 de Octubre citadels from the lower part of the Huaquillas canton. Five points of water samples from the study area were taken, as well as 379 inhabitants were surveyed. From the obtained analysis, the levels of nitrate and manganese present in the “Parador Turístico” well water and the water sampling points citadels were verified and assessed; these results are below and above the allowable limits for human consumption, respectively, therefore it affects the quality of water, in addition there is a high presence of pathogens in the sector water. Accordingly, it was concluded that this represents potential problems to the health of the population which makes use of it. 50% of the people surveyed considered that the water quality from the public network is regular, and 64% of the population considers that it is not suitable for consumption

PbI2 nanocrystal growth by atomic layer deposition of Pb(tmhd)2 and HI

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows for a great level of control over the thickness and stoichiometry of materials. ALD provides a suitable route to deposit lead halides, which can further be converted to perovskite for photovoltaics, photoemission, and photodetection, among other applications. Deposition of lead halides by ALD has already begun to be explored; however, the precursors used in published processes are highly hazardous, require expensive fabrication processes, or contain impurities that can jeopardize the optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites after conversion. We sought to deposit lead iodide (PbI2) by a facile ALD process involving only two readily accessible, low-cost precursors and without involving any unwanted impurities that could act as recombination centers once the PbI2 is later converted to perovskite. Crystalline PbI2 nanocrystals were grown on soda-lime glass (SLG), silicon dioxide support grids, and silicon wafer substrates and provide the groundwork for further investigation into developing lead halide perovskite processes by ALD. The ALD-grown PbI2 was characterized by annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), among other methods. This work presents the first step to synthesize lead halide perovskites with atomic control for applications such as interfacial layers in photovoltaics and for deposition in microcavities for lasing