Effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Iranian adults: an ecologic study

Air pollution is considered as an environmental risk to health worldwide. Current evidence is mostly from Western populations exposed to lower levels of pollutants. This study was to explore the association of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension prevalence with exposure to high levels of air pollution in Iranian adults. The air pollution data were obtained from the air quality monitoring stations of five large cities in Iran from 2006 to 2011. The air quality monitoring stations could only detect ambient particulate matter₁₀ (PM10) during the study period; therefore, the average PM10 concentration was considered for comparison. We grouped the cities as group 1 (Tehran, Shiraz) with PM10 concentration < 100 μg/m3, and group 2 (Kermanshah, Ahwaz, Esfahan) with PM10 concentration > 100 μg/m3. Data from the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease (SuRFNCD) study were used to calculate the prevalence of T2D and hypertension. We assessed the association between air pollution and the prevalence of T2D using logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 CI for each outcome were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and other covariates. The 5-year average of PM10 concentration was higher in group 2 (120.15 ± 6.81 μg/m3) compared to group 1 (83.95 ± 7.81 μg/m3). The prevalence of T2D in group 2 was 13.8, while it was 10.7 in group 1 (p = 0.01), OR = 1.32 (95 CI 1.03â��1.69). Similarly, hypertension was more prevalent in group 2 (15.7 vs. 11.9, p = 0.005, OR = 1.55, 95 CI 1.20â��1.99). PM10 is associated with higher prevalence of T2D and hypertension in Iranian adults. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

Effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Iranian adults: an ecologic study

Air pollution is considered as an environmental risk to health worldwide. Current evidence is mostly from Western populations exposed to lower levels of pollutants. This study was to explore the association of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension prevalence with exposure to high levels of air pollution in Iranian adults. The air pollution data were obtained from the air quality monitoring stations of five large cities in Iran from 2006 to 2011. The air quality monitoring stations could only detect ambient particulate matter₁₀ (PM10) during the study period; therefore, the average PM10 concentration was considered for comparison. We grouped the cities as group 1 (Tehran, Shiraz) with PM10 concentration < 100 μg/m3, and group 2 (Kermanshah, Ahwaz, Esfahan) with PM10 concentration > 100 μg/m3. Data from the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease (SuRFNCD) study were used to calculate the prevalence of T2D and hypertension. We assessed the association between air pollution and the prevalence of T2D using logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 CI for each outcome were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and other covariates. The 5-year average of PM10 concentration was higher in group 2 (120.15 ± 6.81 μg/m3) compared to group 1 (83.95 ± 7.81 μg/m3). The prevalence of T2D in group 2 was 13.8, while it was 10.7 in group 1 (p = 0.01), OR = 1.32 (95 CI 1.03â��1.69). Similarly, hypertension was more prevalent in group 2 (15.7 vs. 11.9, p = 0.005, OR = 1.55, 95 CI 1.20â��1.99). PM10 is associated with higher prevalence of T2D and hypertension in Iranian adults. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

ISM Properties of a Massive Dusty Star-forming Galaxy Discovered at z ∼ 7

We report the discovery and constrain the physical conditions of the interstellar medium of the highest-redshift millimeter-selected dusty star-forming galaxy to date, SPT-S J031132−5823.4 (hereafter SPT0311−58), at $z=6.900\pm 0.002$. SPT0311−58 was discovered via its 1.4 mm thermal dust continuum emission in the South Pole Telescope (SPT)-SZ survey. The spectroscopic redshift was determined through an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 3 mm frequency scan that detected CO(6–5), CO(7–6), and $[{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{I}}]$(2–1), and subsequently was confirmed by detections of CO(3–2) with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and $[{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{II}}]$ with APEX. We constrain the properties of the ISM in SPT0311−58 with a radiative transfer analysis of the dust continuum photometry and the CO and $[{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{I}}]$ line emission. This allows us to determine the gas content without ad hoc assumptions about gas mass scaling factors. SPT0311−58 is extremely massive, with an intrinsic gas mass of ${M}_{\mathrm{gas}}=3.3\pm 1.9\times {10}^{11}\,{M}_{\odot }$. Its large mass and intense star formation is very rare for a source well into the epoch of reionization