Effect of Zirconium oxide nanoparticle on serum level of testosterone and spermatogenesis in the rat: An experimental study

Background: Zirconium nanoparticles are used as health agents, pharmaceutical carriers, and in dental and orthopedic implants. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the process of spermatogenesis in rat. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats (150-200 gr), with range of age 2.5 to 3 months were used and divided into four groups of eight per each. The control group received 0.5 ml of distilled water and the three experimental groups received 50, 200, and 400 ppm doses of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles solution over a 30-day period, respectively. At the end of the experiment, tissue sections were taken from the testis and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Serum concentration of testosterone was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In the experimental group receiving 400 ppm Zirconium oxide nanoparticles, the number of Spermatogonia cells (p ≤ 0.01), Spermatocytes (p ≤ 0.01), Spermatids (p ≤ 0.001), and sertoli and Leydig cells (p ≤ 0.05) showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Serum testosterone concentration did not change significantly in all experimental groups receiving Zirconium oxide nanoparticles compared to the control group. Experimental group received 400 ppm Zirconium oxide nanoparticles shrinkage of seminal tubules and reduced lumen space compared to control group. Conclusion: Zirconium oxide nanoparticles are likely to damage the testes by increasing Reactive oxygen species production and free radicals. Key words: Zirconium oxide, Nanoparticles, Spermatogenesis, Testosterone, Rat

GROUND REACTION FORCES ATTENUATION IN SUPINATED AND PRONATED FOOT DURING SINGLE LEG DROP- LANDING

The purpose of this study was to compare the GRF attenuation between normal, supinated and pronated foot during single leg drop-landing. 30 healthy male students from kinesiology department participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to three groups by navicular drop test and performed single leg drop-landing on the force plate from the box with height of 30 Cm. peak VGRF and ROL calculated using GRF data. To evaluate differences in peak VGRF and ROL between three groups MANOVA at the P level of 0.05 used. Differences in ROL was significant between three groups (F2, 22=15.553, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.370, ) but differences in Peak VGRF was not significant (F2, 22 = 2.632,). These results suggest that supinated foot is associated with specific lower extremity kinetics. Differences in these parameters may subsequently lead to differences in injury patterns in supinated foot in athletes

Evaluation of Results and Patients’ Satisfaction of Alar Base Resection Surgery after Rhinoplasty Operations in 15 Khordad Hospital

Background: Alar base surgery is one of the controversial issues in rhinoplasty. In this surgery the nasal base width and alar flaring is got smaller with some kind of procedures. One of these procedures is wedge resection of alar base. This procedure may accompany with either some dissatisfaction of scars and adverse effects or complications. In this study, we evaluate the patient satisfaction of scar and possible complications.Materials and Methods: A total of 120 rhinoplasty patients at 15 khordad hospital were candidates for alar base wedge resection due to broad nasal base and / or alar flaring who were chosen for this study. We recorded and examined these patients before and minimum 6 months after surgery, then evaluated these information and data, which finally, compared all the preoperation and postoperation findings.Results: Mean age of patients was 30.11 years old. The full satisfaction of scar was 85.5% (103), but 6.7% (8) of patients had not satisfaction of scar due to visible scar in their alar facial groove. The rate of nostril symmetry satisfaction was 79.2% (95) and 8.3% (10) was dissatisfied due to nostril asymmetry. There was no external valve incompetency nor alar and sill notching in our study. There was not any narrowing of nostrils as well. The mean interalar distance preoperatively was 35.88 mm, which reduced to 32.61mm of mean diameter after surgery, (P-value = 0.000). Alar flaring correction was 88% (106) which was an acceptable consequence.Conclusion: The results of present study showed that in spite of surgeons fear for scar and some common complications after alar base resection, the satisfaction rate of our patients in this study were high, and complications frequencies were low. Therefore, we advise that it is better and wiser to do this operation in indicated patients surely within primary rhinoplasty and do not postpone it to another surgery

Effect of lateral wedge insole with different inclination on foot kinematics using Principal Component Analysis

زمینه و هدف: بر هم خوردن مقدار و زمان پرونیشن پا ممکن است منجر به استئوآرتریت زانو شود که برای درمان آن از مداخلاتی مانند گوه جانبی در ناحیه پا استفاده می‌‌‌‌شود. تاکنون نتایج مطالعات متناقض بوده‌‌‌‌اند که احتمالاً ناشی از شیب‌‌‌‌های مختلف گوه و تکنیک‌‌‌‌های استفاده شده می‌‌‌‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر گوه جانبی پا با شیب‌‌‌‌های مختلف بر کینماتیک پا با استفاده از تکنیک آنالیز مولفه‌‌‌‌های اصلی (PCA) انجام شد. روش بررسی: 75 فرد سالم در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. سینماتیک اندام تحتانی آزمودنی‌‌‌‌ها در 5 حالت دویدن با کفش و کفش با گوه جانبی با شیب‌‌‌‌های 3، 6، 9 و 11 درجه در قسمت پاشنه کفش، ثبت شد. سپس با استفاده از روش آماری PCA مولفه‌‌‌‌های اصلی پرونیشن محاسبه شد. برای بررسی اثر گوه بر اورژن و شاخص پرونیشن (مولفه اول PCA) از آنالیز واریانس با داده‌های تکراری استفاده شد. یافته ها: گوه‌‌‌‌های 9 و 11 درجه موجب افزایش معنی دار زاویه اورژن شدند. هنگام بررسی شاخص پرونیشن علاوه بر گوه‌‌‌‌های 9 و 11 درجه، گوه 6 درجه نیز با حالت بدون گوه افزایش معنی داری نشان داد. روش PCA مشخص کرد که گوه 6 درجه، علاوه بر اثرات کلینیکی گزارش شده، بر مکانیک پا نیز اثر می‌‌‌‌گذارد. نتیجه گیری: اورژن پا به تنهایی قادر به بیان تأثیر گوه‌‌‌‌های جانبی بر پا نمی‌‌‌‌باشد و برای به دست آوردن نتایج دقیق‌‌‌‌تر باید تمامی صفحات حرکتی در نظر گرفته شود. روش PCA می‌‌‌‌تواند معیار دقیق‌‌‌‌تری برای بررسی پرونیشن فراهم کند

Muscle stimulation timing while implementing Ura Mawashi Geri in Iranian elite women

Introduction: Karate is a martial art in which the technics are performed by kicks, punches (hand) and rotational movements. Ura MAWASHI GERI is a kind of kick which involves the core stability muscles of Lumbar – Pelvic areas, Quadriceps muscle (Lower extremity) and knee and lumbar – pelvic joints while being performed. The purpose of this research is to determine the muscle stimulation time pattern of Gluteus Medius (GM), External Oblique (EO) and Quadriceps muscles such as Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL) at any phases of the implementation of the technique by the dominant leg. The muscular activities of VM, VL, EO and GM in 5 Iranian healthy elite Karatekas (in average age of (21/4) were recorded by the Electromyography device. The onset latency of the muscle activity and the Goniometric data (Knee Joint) were defined after processing the RMS of data and according to the Mean+4sd. After that, the average of the obtained records was used to determine the onset of each muscle separately at all phases of the implementation of the techniques. The results showed Glutesus Medius, at the phases of one, four, and five, and Vatus Medialis, at the phases of two and six, and the External Oblique at the third phase act earlier in comparison with other muscles

The Effect of Weight Bearing Exercise on Bone Mineral Density of Premenopausal Women

Introduction: Maintaining optimal level of bone mineral density during Premenopause plays an important role in reducing the risk (relative risk of 1.5-3 times mire) of osteoporosis and the subsequent fractures in post-menopausal , therefore aim of this study was to explore the effect of weight-bearing exercise on bone mineral density of premenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group design, 20 premenopausal women in the 40 to 45 age range were randomly selected and distributed in two experimental and control groups. Experimental group completed 12 weeks of training, three times a week and 70 minutes per session. Before and after the period of 12 weeks, femoral bone mineral density in all samples were measured by DEXA bone mineral densitometry. We used K-S test for normality assumption, independent sample t-test in within-subject design and paired t-test, ANCOVA for between-subject design. Significance level was 0.05 SPSS-21 was used. Results: The results revealed that 12 week weight bearing exercise resulted in an increase in femoral bone mineral density among participants in experimental group with the significant decrease in control group. Bone mineral density of femoral neck and total hip among the subjects distributed in experimental group, was significantly different from corresponding areas in control group. Discussion: It should be emphasized that exercise is the harmless and appropriate approach to prevent any decrease in bone mineral density in menopausal period which can prevent decrease in bone mineral density due to aging in this period.Key words: Bone Density, Premenopausal, Weight-Bearing Exercis

Effect of excessive Arm Swing on Speed and Cadence of walking

Introduction: One of the changes in the movement patterns that can be seen in upper limb swing is the excessive increase in upper limb movement and swing during walking. As temporal parameters such as cadence and speed in stationary and mobile environments can be equally used to determine early fall potentials, Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of excessive arm swing on speed and cadence of walking. Material and Methods: 30 healthy subjects were exposed to Vicon 10 motion capture system analysis and were asked to first walk normally at normal speeds and then move their hands excessively while walking at the same speed. The temporal data were extracted and analyzed by Matlab software. Descriptive (mean, SD) and Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of data distribution, and paired sample t-test were used to compare the patterns. Results: there was a significant difference in cadence and speed variables, between the means of natural arm swing and excessive arm swing modes (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Given these results, it should be considered that the effects of upper limb pattern changes on the lower limbs and gait can compensate for the lack of attention to movement and pattern of upper extremity positioning during walking

The Effect of Cardio, Aerobic and Concurrent Rehabilitation on Hemodynamic and Biomechanical Indicators in Older Men With Coronary Artery Disease

Background and Aims Nowadays, due to technological advances and sedentary or inactive lifestyle, non-communicable diseases have caused many health problems such as cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to examine the effect of two methods of aerobic training and concurrent training for cardiac rehabilitation on selected hemodynamic and biomechanical factors in older men with coronary artery disease.Methods This is a quasi-experimental causal-comparative study using the pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 24 older men with coronary artery disease, randomly divided into three groups of aerobic training, concurrent  training, and control. They first underwent cardiac assessment using the echo Doppler device as well as sports performance test. Then, they were referred to the biomechanics laboratory of the Physical Medicine Center to start cardiac rehabilitation training. After 8 weeks of training, they underwent post-test assessments. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of data distribution and the Levene’s test was used to determine the homogeneity of variances. The paired t-test was used to assess between-group differences and independent t-test was used for assessing differences between pretest and post-test scores of the groups. The significance level was set at 0.05.Results Significant improvement was reported in functional capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and resting heart rate after both aerobic and concurrent training methods (P0.05). The improvements were more in the concurrent  training group.Conclusion Both cardiac rehabilitation methods (aerobic and concurrent  training) can improve functional capacity, LVEF, and resting heart rate of older mean with coronary artery disease, where concurrent  training is more effective

DETERMINATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN DIFFERENT LEVELS IN RUNNING GAIT; LOWER LIMB MECHANICAL ENERGY ANALYSIS

The purpose of this study was to determine the functional groups in different levels during stance phase of running. 118 students (58 males and 60 females) ran in two footwear conditions (Nike free5 and Vibram FiveFingers shoes) and barefoot. Mechanical energy of pelvic, thigh, leg and right foot were calculated. Functional groups were determined using principal component analysis, self-organizing maps, k-means clustering and support vector machine methods based on lower limb mechanical energy. Five first level functional groups were defined in barefoot, Nike and FiveFinger running conditions with accuracy of 95.80%, 91.60% and 91.60%, respectively. 41 subjects were identified as the third level functional groups. According to our results, the functional groups were well recognized with the use of dimension reduction and unsupervised clustering methods

Online) An Open Access

ABSTRACT Regarding the consequences of aging for the elderly, we can refer to gait speed reduction, functional disorder and power reduction. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eight weeks of muscular endurance trainings in water on the orderly's gait kinematic parameters (step length, cadence and gait speed). In the current semi-experimental study, two elderly groups consisting of 16 male participants were divided into control group (average and standard deviation age of: 62.33±1.33 years, height: 1.69±5.83 and weight: 80.26±6.41 kilograms) and experimental group (average age deviation: 64.57±2.88, height: 168±4.26 and weight: 73.84±6.17 kilograms). The experimental group took part in training sessions for eight weeks (two sessions a week) while the control group didn't take any treatment. Using Vicon 460, both experimental and control groups were tested based on the parameters before and after the training session. Relatively, the depended and independent sample t tests were used to assess and compare changes within and between groups, at the level of 0.05. There was a significant increase of the step length in the experimental group. However, except for the step length, both experimental and control groups didn't show any significant difference in other parameters. Regarding the obtained results, muscular endurance trainings in water can be used to improve the elderly's step length. Length step improvement maybe is resulted from the muscular tnemevorpmi and balance leading to longer steps and distance