3,261 research outputs found
New Direct Observational Evidence for Kicks in SNe
We present an updated list of direct strong evidence in favour of kicks being
imparted to newborn neutron stars. In particular we discuss the new cases of
evidence resulting from recent observations of the X-ray binary Circinus X-1
and the newly discovered binary radio pulsar PSR J1141-6545. We conclude that
the assumption that neutron stars receive a kick velocity at their formation is
unavoidable (van den Heuvel & van Paradijs 1997).Comment: 2 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the IAU Colloq. 177 "Pulsar
Astronomy - 2000 and beyond
Discovery of Two Relativistic Neutron Star-White Dwarf Binaries
We have discovered two recycled pulsars in relativistic orbits as part of the
first high-frequency survey of intermediate Galactic latitudes. PSR J1157-5112
is a 44 ms pulsar and the first recycled pulsar with an ultra-massive (M > 1.14
Mo) white dwarf companion. Millisecond pulsar J1757-5322 is a relativistic
circular-orbit system which will coalesce due to the emission of gravitational
radiation in less than 9.5 Gyr. Of the ~40 known circular orbit pulsars,
J1757-5322 and J1157-5112 have the highest projected orbital velocities. There
are now three local neutron-star/white-dwarf binaries that will coalesce in
less than a Hubble time, implying a large coalescence rate for these objects in
the local Universe. Systems such as J1141-6545 (Kaspi et al. 2000) are
potential gamma-ray burst progenitors and dominate the coalescence rate, whilst
lighter systems make excellent progenitors of millisecond pulsars with
planetary or ultra-low mass companions.Comment: 4 pages, to appear in ApJ Letters. Uses aastex v 5.0,
emulateapj5.sty, apjfonts.st
One-loop effective action for SU(2) gauge theory on S^3
We consider the effective theory for the low-energy modes of SU(2) gauge
theory on the three-sphere. By explicitely integrating out the high-energy
modes, the one-loop correction to the hamiltonian for this problem is obtained.
We calculate the influence of this correction on the glueball spectrum.Comment: 12p. latex, 3 PostScript figures included (epsf
An improved method for determining the inversion layer mobility of electrons in trench MOSFETs
For the first time trench sidewall effective electron mobility (/spl mu//sub eff/) values were determined by using the split capacitance-voltage (CV) method for a large range of transversal effective field (E/sub eff/) from 0.1 up to 1.4 MV/cm. The influences of crystal orientation, doping concentration and, for the first time, temperature were investigated. In conclusion, the results show that (1) the split CV method is an accurate method for determining /spl mu//sub eff/(E/sub eff/) data in trench MOSFETs, (2) the {100} /spl mu//sub eff/ data approach published data of planar MOSFETs for high E/sub eff/ and (3) the mobility behavior can be explained with generally accepted scattering models for the entire range of E/sub eff/. The results are important for the optimization of trench power devices
Probing Electron-Capture Supernovae: X-Ray Binaries in Starbursts
Presenting population models of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) formed after
bursts of star formation, we investigate the effect of electron-capture
supernovae (ECS) of massive ONeMg white dwarfs and the hypothesis that ECS
events are associated with typically low supernova kicks imparted to the
nascent neutron stars. We identify an interesting ECS bump in the time
evolution of HMXB numbers; this bump is caused by significantly increased
production of wind-fed HMXBs 20-60 Myr post starburst. The amplitude and age
extent of the ECS bump depend on the strength of ECS kicks and the mass range
of ECS progenitors. We also find that ECS-HMXBs form through a specific
evolutionary channel that is expected to lead to binaries with Be donors in
wide orbits. These characteristics, along with their sensitivity to ECS
properties, provide us with an intriguing opportunity to probe ECS physics and
progenitors through studies of starbursts of different ages. Specifically, the
case of the Small Magellanic Cloud, with a significant observed population of
Be HMXBs and starburst activity 30-60 Myr ago, arises as a promising laboratory
for understanding the role of electron-capture supernovae in neutron star
formation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Published by ApJ in 07/0
Is the Bursting Radio-source GCRT J1745-3009 a Double Neutron Star Binary ?
GCRT J1745-3009 is a peculiar transient radio-source in the direction of the
Galactic Center. It was observed to emit a series of ~ 1 Jy bursts at 0.33 GHz,
with typical duration ~ 10 min and at apparently regular intervals of ~ 77 min.
If the source is indeed at the distance of the Galactic Center as it seems
likely, we show that its observational properties are compatible with those
expected from a double neutron star binary, similar to the double pulsar system
J0737-3039. In the picture we propose the (coherent) radio emission comes from
the shock originating in the interaction of the wind of the more energetic
pulsar with the magnetosphere of the companion. The observed modulation of the
radio signal is the consequence of an eccentric orbit, along which the
separation between the two stars varies. This cyclically drives the shock
inside the light cylinder radius of the less energetic pulsar.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journal Letters, comment on geodetic precession adde
Glueball Spectroscopy on S^3
For SU(2) gauge theory on the three-sphere we implement the influence of the
boundary of the fundamental domain, and in particular the -dependence,
on a subspace of low-energy modes of the gauge field. We construct a basis of
functions that respect these boundary conditions and use these in a variational
approximation of the spectrum of the lowest order effective hamiltonian.Comment: 8p. latex, 3 uuencoded PostScript figures appende
Comparative Connectomics.
We introduce comparative connectomics, the quantitative study of cross-species commonalities and variations in brain network topology that aims to discover general principles of network architecture of nervous systems and the identification of species-specific features of brain connectivity. By comparing connectomes derived from simple to more advanced species, we identify two conserved themes of wiring: the tendency to organize network topology into communities that serve specialized functionality and the general drive to enable high topological integration by means of investment of neural resources in short communication paths, hubs, and rich clubs. Within the space of wiring possibilities that conform to these common principles, we argue that differences in connectome organization between closely related species support adaptations in cognition and behavior.We thank Lianne Scholtens, Jim Rilling, Tom Schoenemann for discussions and comments. MPvdH was supported by a VENI (# 451-12-001) grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and a Fellowship of MQ.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.00
Glueballs on the three-sphere
We study the non-perturbative effects of the global features of the
configuration space for SU(2) gauge theory on the three-sphere. The strategy is
to reduce the full problem to an effective theory for the dynamics of the
low-energy modes. By explicitly integrating out the high-energy modes, the
one-loop correction to the effective hamiltonian is obtained. Imposing the
dependence through boundary conditions in configuration space
incorporates the non-perturbative effects of the non-contractable loops in the
full configuration space. After this we obtain the glueball spectrum of the
effective theory with a variational method.Comment: 48 p LaTeX, 13 Postscript figures appende
Semantics in the Motor System: Motor-Cortical Beta Oscillations Reflect Semantic Knowledge of End-Postures for Object Use
In the present EEG study we investigated whether semantic knowledge for object use is represented in motor-related brain areas. Subjects were required to perform actions with everyday objects and to maintain either a meaningful or a meaningless end posture with the object. Analysis of the EEG data focused on the beta-frequency band, as previous studies have indicated that the maintenance of a posture is reflected in stronger beta-oscillations. Time frequency analysis indicated that the execution of actions resulting in a meaningless compared to a meaningful end posture was accompanied by a stronger beta-desynchronization towards the end of the movement and a stronger subsequent beta-rebound after posture-onset. The effect in the beta-frequency band was localized to premotor, parietal and medial frontal areas and could not be attributed to differences in timing or movement complexity between meaningful and meaningless actions. Together these findings directly show that the motor system is differentially activated during the execution and maintenance of semantically correct or incorrect end postures. This suggests that semantic object knowledge is indeed represented in motor-related brain areas, organized around specific end postures associated with the use of objects
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