Fabrication and Characterization of 3D Micro- and Nanoelectrodes for Neuron Recordings

In this paper we discuss the fabrication and characterization of three dimensional (3D) micro- and nanoelectrodes with the goal of using them for extra- and intracellular studies. Two different types of electrodes will be described: high aspect ratio microelectrodes for studying the communication between cells and ultimately for brain slice recordings and small nanoelectrodes for highly localized measurements and ultimately for intracellular studies. Electrical and electrochemical characterization of these electrodes as well as the results of PC12 cell differentiation on chip will be presented and discussed

European language equality

This deep dive on data, knowledge graphs (KGs) and language resources (LRs) is the final of the four technology deep dives, as data as well as related models are the basis for technologies and solutions in the area of Language Technology (LT) for European digital language equality (DLE). This chapter focuses on the data and LRs required to achieve full DLE in Europe by 2030. The main components identified – data, KGs, LRs – are explained, and used to analyse the state-of-the-art as well as identify gaps. All of these components need to be tackled in the future, for the widest range of languages possible, from official EU languages to dialects to non- EU languages used in Europe. For all these languages, efficient data collection and sustainable data provision to be facilitated with fair conditions and costs. Specific technologies, methodologies and tools have been identified to enable the implementation of the vision of DLE by 2030. In addition, data-related business models and data-governance models are discussed, as they are considered a prerequisite for a working data economy that stimulates a vibrant LT landscape that can bring about European DLE.peer-reviewe

Spurenlesen.

Der Charakter der Sammlungs- und Objektforschung lässt sich unter anderem mit dem Begriff „Spurenlesen“ fassen. „Spur“, der erste Bestandteil des Wortes, verankert die Sammlungs- und Objektforschung fest im materiellen Bereich. Ohne materiellen Träger keine Spur. Doch wird die Spur erst durch den Akt des ‚Lesens‘ zur Spur. Die interessegeleitete Interpretation macht aus dem Geschmack ein Differenzierungsmerkmal zur Unterscheidung von essbar und giftig, aus einer Blattform ein Identifizierungsmerkmal einer Pflanze, aus einer Instrumentenanzeige einen wissenschaftlichen Messwert. Spurenlesen ist so verstanden nicht nur archaisches Überbleibsel, Orientierungs- und Überlebenstechnik aus einer vorwissenschaftlichen Zeit, sondern gleichermaßen Grundlage wissenschaftlicher Tätigkeit. Dieser Band vereint 15 Beiträge von Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und Nachwuchswissenschaftlern aus den Bereichen Anthropologie, Archäologie, Religions- und Medienwissenschaft, der Kunst-, Musik-, Technik- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte sowie der Restaurierungswissenschaft, Forensik und Medizin. Sie haben sich mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen und Analysemethoden auf Spurensuche begeben. Die Reflexion über forschungsleitende methodische Aspekte und theoretische Herangehensweisen objektbasierter Forschung bildet einen gemeinsamen Referenzpunkt der Beiträge.Peer Reviewe

German Multicenter Study Investigating Lu-177-PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients

Lu-177-labeled PSMA-617 is a promising new therapeutic agent for radioligand therapy (RLT) of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Initiated by the German Society of Nuclear Medicine, a retrospective multicenter data analysis was started in 2015 to evaluate efficacy and safety of Lu-177-PSMA-617 in a large cohort of patients. Methods: One hundred forty-five patients (median age, 73 y; range, 43-88 y) with mCRPC were treated with Lu-177-PSMA-617 in 12 therapy centers between February 2014 and July 2015 with 1-4 therapy cycles and an activity range of 2-8 GBq per cycle. Toxicity was categorized by the common toxicity criteria for adverse events (version 4.0) on the basis of serial blood tests and the attending physician's report. The primary endpoint for efficacy was biochemical response as defined by a prostate-specific antigen decline 50% from baseline to at least 2 wk after the start of RLT. Results: A total of 248 therapy cycles were performed in 145 patients. Data for biochemical response in 99 patients as well as data for physician-reported and laboratory-based toxicity in 145 and 121 patients, respectively, were available. The median follow-up was 16 wk (range, 2-30 wk). Nineteen patients died during the observation period. Grade 3-4 hematotoxicity occurred in 18 patients: 10%, 4%, and 3% of the patients experienced anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, respectively. Xerostomia occurred in 8%. The overall biochemical response rate was 45% after all therapy cycles, whereas 40% of patients already responded after a single cycle. Elevated alkaline phosphatase and the presence of visceral metastases were negative predictors and the total number of therapy cycles positive predictors of biochemical response. Conclusion: The present retrospective multicenter study of Lu-177-PSMA-617 RLT demonstrates favorable safety and high efficacy exceeding those of other third-line systemic therapies in mCRPC patients. Future phase II/III studies are warranted to elucidate the survival benefit of this new therapy in patients with mCRPC