Incidence of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and defense mechanisms in Gerbera hybrida

The existence of natural variation at different levels of whitefly infestation (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in gerbera genotypes (Gerbera hybrida) allows the existence of different levels of resistance or susceptibility to the insect. In this investigation the natural variation of gerbera was evaluated at the incidence of T. vaporariorum. In a randomized complete block design, ten gerbera genotypes were analyzed in different phenological stages without incidence (SI) and with incidence (CI) of whitefly. Nymphs were counted, in a cm2 at the center of the underside of the leaves and total adults per leaf. The relative content of chlorophyll (USPAD), the content of phenolic compounds (Cf), the enzymatic activity of peroxidases (AePOX) and the antioxidant capacity DPPH (Caox) were measured. Gerbera genotypes showed significant differences in the incidence of whiteflies (p≤ 0.01), as well as in Cf, AePOX and Caox, both in SI and CI (p≤ 0.01), which suggests differences in insect preference a its host and the ability of genotypes to respond to whiteflies. In CI with respect to SI, they increased the content of Cf (1.4 times), AePOX (4 times) and Caox (12 times). USPAD decreased in the genotype with the highest incidence of the insect (-4%). The significant correlations between the number of insects (nymphs) with Cf (-0.71**) and AePOX (-0.65**) and Caox with Cf (-0.73**) and AePOX (-0.76**), showed that the feeding of the insect interferes with the metabolism of its hosts and triggers integral responses in the defense mechanism of plants, with differences in resistance that can be used in genetic improvement

Tasa de variación de recursos cas entre el airhsp y el presupuesto en las unidades ejecutoras del sector salud, La Libertad, 2020

La presente investigación titulada Tasa de variación de recursos CAS entre el AIRHSP y el presupuesto en las Unidades Ejecutoras del Sector Salud, La Libertad, 2020, tiene por objetivo determinar la tasa de variación de recursos CAS entre el AIRHSP y el presupuesto en las Unidades Ejecutoras del sector salud del Gobierno Regional La Libertad; y, las implicancias que tienen estar en determinados rangos; para ello se empleó el método cuantitativo, diseño no experimental de corte transversal, mediante análisis documental al constituir los registros oficiales en las bases de datos del Estado exportados a una determinada fecha de corte para su posterior análisis, encontrándose como referencia su contraste con el PMA, siendo la fuente de financiamiento con sostenibilidad financiera los recursos ordinarios, sin embargo se encuentran en situación de déficit las UE: 404, 405, 407 y 411; adecuado las UE: 400, 402, 403 y 413; y con superávit las UE: 401, 406, 408, 409, 410, 412 y 414. Y en la fuente de financiamiento recursos directamente recaudados que se encuentra supeditado a los ingresos financieros haciéndola no sostenible; se encuentran en situación de déficit las UE: 400, 403, 404, 405, 409, 410 y 413; y con superávit las UE: 401, 402, 406, 408 y 412.Tesis de segunda especialida

Anthocyanin Profile of Red Maize Native from Mixteco Race and Their Antiproliferative Activity on Cell Line DU145

Mexico is regarded as the point of origin and biodiversity of maize, which takes the colors white, yellow, blue, or red. Red maize in particular owes its coloring to a type of polyphenolic compounds known as anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to determine the profile anthocyanin of red maize, as well as their antiproliferative activity on prostate cancer cell line DU145. Three samples of red maize were analyzed. Total polyphenols, monomeric anthocyanins, antioxidant activity by DDPH and FRAP were evaluated. The sample of red maize with the highest levels of total polyphenols and monomeric anthocyanins was selected, and its anthocyanin fraction was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS. Twenty compounds were detected in the anthocyanin profile, and from these, 12 anthocyanins derived of cyanidin were identified. MTT assay was used to determine the antiproliferative activity of the anthocyanin fraction from red maize at different concentrations (7–1000 μg/mL), and a significant antiproliferative activity was observed at 1000 μg/mL. Microscopy analysis showed that the anthocyanin fraction of red maize induced apoptosis in cell lines DU145. This is the first report showing that anthocyanin fraction of red maize possess antiproliferative activity in the DU145 cell line

Potassium fosfites in Peronospora sparsa Berkeley management and flower quality of rose cv. Samouraï®

Peronospora sparsa Berkeley limita hasta 100% la producción de rosa como flor de corte. Una alternativa sustentable en el control de oomicetos en diversos cultivos es el uso de fosfitos de potasio. Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron evaluar la efectividad biológica de formulaciones comerciales de fosfito de potasio para el manejo de P. sparsa, y estimar el efecto de las aplicaciones de fosfitos en la calidad del tallo y el botón floral de rosa cv. Samouraï®. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cinco tratamientos y un testigo absoluto con seis repeticiones, por dos años consecutivos. Se evaluó incidencia, severidad de la enfermedad, efectividad biológica, así como la calidad floral mediante la longitud y el diámetro de tallos y botones florales. Los fosfitos de potasio evaluados redujeron la incidencia hasta 81.7% y la severidad pasó de 71.7 a 97.0%, lo que llevó a una efectividad biológica de 96.9% con FosfiMax 40-20®. El tratamiento con Defense Ax® incrementó la longitud y el diámetro del botón con respecto a los otros tratamientos

Prediction of Milk Production per Cow Lactation in the Mexican Tropics

Objective: to evaluate non-linear and linear mathematical models to estimate milk production per lactation at different frequencies of milk weighing from Holstein (Ho), Brown Swiss (SP) cows and their crosses with Zebu (C). Design/methodology/approach: Models evaluated: Wood, Wilmink and Linear Interpolation. Daily milk production records of 471 lactations from 72 cows were used; 1,884 records were created with weekly, biweekly and monthly milk production frequencies. There were included in the statistical model the genotype (HoxC and SPxC), calving season (rain and dry), and number of lactations (1 and 2) with double and triple interactions. The statistical analyses were carried out with GLM from MINITAB v17. Means were compared with Tukey's test. Results: no differences were found (P? 0.05) between models for average milk production per lactation in kg, obtained from daily measurements or estimated from weekly, biweekly, and monthly data, but for calving time, number of lactations, and genotype factors showed differences (P?0.05) in milk production per lactation. Study limitations/implications: Daily milk production records are necessary to obtain lactation productions, applied models predict milk production in a similar way in different weighing frequencies in Holstein, Swiss Brown cows and their crosses with Zebu. Findings/conclusions: the models used predict milk production per cow in a similar way at different weighing frequencies.Objective: To evaluate non-linear and linear mathematical models used to estimate milk production per lactation, at different frequencies of milk weighing from records of Holstein (Ho), Brown Swiss (BS) cows and their crosses with Zebu (Z). Design/Methodology/Approach: The models evaluated were: Wood, Wilmink and Linear Interpolation. Daily records of milk production from 471 lactations of 72 cows were used; 1,884 records were created with frequencies of weekly, biweekly and monthly milk production. The following were included in the statistical model: the genotype (Ho X Z andSP X Z), birth season (rainy and dry), and number of lactation (1 and 2) with double and triple interactions. The statistical analyses were performed with GLM from MINITAB v17. The means were compared with Tukey’s test. Results: No differences were found (P?0.05) between the models for the average milk production per lactation in kg, obtained from daily measurements or estimated from weekly, biweekly and monthly data, although for the factors of birth season, number of lactation, and genotype they showed differences (P ? 0.05) in milk production per lactation. Study Limitations/Implications: Daily records of milk production are necessary to obtain production per lactation; the models applied predict milk production in a similar way in different frequencies of weighing in Holstein, Brown Swiss cows and their crosses with Zebu. Findings/Conclusions: The models used allow predicting the milk production per cow in a similar way in different frequencies of weighing

Critical Nitrogen and Nutritive Index in Cultivars of Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach) Morrone

Objective: to determine and compare the parameters of the nitrogen curve and the nutritive nitrogen index of cultivars of C. purpureus with and without nitrogen fertilization. Design / methodology / approach: Five cultivars of C. purpureus were evaluated, with or without fertilization, the dose was 141-43-20. The grass was harvested every 21 days with production of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N). Growth rates and Critical Nitrogen (Nc) were obtained. The negative power equation was used with its parameters Nc and the Nitrogen Decrease Coefficient (Cd). The Nutritive Nitrogen Index (INN) was obtained with the Nc parameter of each curve, divided by the N content of the cultivar in each sampling. The data were analyzed with a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 5 (cultivars) and 2 (with or without fertilization). Results: The results of the cultivars show a Nc of 2.6 and a Cd of 0.65 fertilized and 1.14 of Nc and 0.68 of Cd without fertilization, in turn all of them supplemented the amount of N for their soil growth. The INN for the fertilized cultivars was 0.8 with classification of excess and sufficient for the first 56 days. Limitations of the study / implications: The variables to determine the availability of water and the balance of N, soil-plant, would further expand the knowledge of these tools. Findings / conclusions: the parameters obtained such as Nc and INN help us to determine the nutritional status of forages.Objective: To determine and compare the parameters of the nitrogen curve and the nutritive nitrogen index of cultivars of Cenchrus purpureus with and without nitrogenous fertilization.Design/Methodology/Approach: Five cultivars of C. purpureus with or without fertilization were evaluated, and the dose was 141N-43P-20K. The grass was harvested every 21 d with production of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N). Growth rates and Critical Nitrogen (Nc) were obtained. The negative power equation with its parameters Nc and the Nitrogen Decrease Coefficient (Cd) were used. The Nutritive Nitrogen Index (NNI) was obtained with the Nc parameter of each curve, divided by the N content of the cultivar in each sampling. The data were analyzed with a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of five (cultivars) and two levels of fertilization. Results: Nc of 2.6 and a Cd of 0.65 fertilized, and 1.14 of Nc and 0.68 of Cd without fertilization, and in turn all of them supplemented the amount of N for their growth from soil. The NNI was 0.8 for the fertilized cultivars, with classification of excess and sufficient for the first 56 d. Study Limitations/Implications: Variables to determine the availability of water and the balance of soil-plant N could further expand the knowledge of these tools. Findings/Conclusions: Parameters obtained such as Nc and NNI help to determine nutritional status of the fodders

Módulos MMIC multifunción para aplicaciones espaciales

This paper presents the design of multifunction monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) to be used in transmit/receive modules for onboard satellite applications. Two chips have been developed: one for frequency generation including a negatron VCO, a frequency tripler and a digital frequency divider, and a second for signal amplification and conversion including AGC amplifiers and mixers. The goal of the work is to reduce the number and size (and consequently the cost) of the circuitry actually in use, without sacrificing system performance, through the use of a mature GaAs PHEMT technology. Issues such as suitable circuit topologies, dc power consumption, circuit area minimization and optimization are all important factors addressed during the project

Estudios de Caso sobre Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales en el siglo XXI.

Libro científico sobre estudios de casos en el medio agropecuario y ruralCon el advenimiento del siglo XXI y el avance de los procesos de globalización, el medio rural presenta diversos cambios económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales. Lo anterior significa que el campo es un objeto de estudio altamente dinámico, complejo e inasible. las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales, en la actualidad, requieren de un abordaje sistémico e interdisciplinario que den cuenta de la heterogeneidad de situaciones y contextos que enfrenta el campo mexicano. La presente obra agrupa 18 estudios de caso, que capturan algunas fotografías de las diversas problemáticas de la ruralidad mexicana, con lo cual se pretende dar cuenta tanto de los objetivos de estudio como de la perspectiva teórico metodológico desde que estos son abordados. lo anterior tiene que ver con el hecho de que las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales manifiestan un alto grado de observación empírica, motivo por el que los estudios de caso se convierten en la perspectiva metodológica idónea que permite ir y venir de la realidad a la teoría y viceversa para la construcción de objetos de estudio. En este volumen se aborda una gran diversidad de casos, que sintetizan la heterogeneidad de enfoques y perspectivas mediante las cuales los fenómenos agropecuarios y rurales han sido abordados en el Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, en los últimos 30 años

Dual Band Monolithic AGC Amplifier for Space Applications based on a commercial 0.2 µm PHEMT Technology

This paper reports the design and measurement of a dual band monolithic AGC amplifier to be used in transmit/receive modules for Telemetry,Tracking and Control (TTC)of satellite systems.The amplifier is also included in a multifunction Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit,MMIC,containing frequency converters.The block diagram of this chip is shown in figure 1.The goal of the work is to reduce the number,size, and consequently,the cost of the circuitry actually in use, whilst maintaining performance,through the use of mature GaAs PHEMT technology.Issues such as circuit topologies, dc power consumption,circuit area minimization and optimization are all important factors that are addressed during the design