La equidad en la distribución de oportunidades educativas en México. Un estudio con base en los datos del EXANI-I

La inequidad en la distribución de las oportunidades educativas que desde hace varios años ha sido detectada en México es uno de los rasgos que caracterizan el funcionamiento del sistema escolar de este país y es también uno de los grandes pendientes de su política educativa. Esta condición del sistema educativo tiene al menos dos dimensiones: Por un lado, la inequidad con la que se distribuyen las oportunidades de acceder y permanecer en el mismo; y por otro, la inequidad con la que se distribuyen las oportunidades de obtener rendimientos satisfactorios. De acuerdo con cifras que proporciona la Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP), se ha avanzado de manera considerable en la solución de la primera dimensión del problema, sin embargo, estos logros no han venido acompañados con avances en la segunda. Utilizando modelos de regresión linear simple, a través del análisis inter-temporal del efecto de diversas variables socioeconómicas y sociodemográficas en el desempeño académico de los sustentantes del Examen Nacional de Ingreso a la Educación Media Superior (EXANI I); este trabajo muestra que sigue existiendo – e incluso tiende a aumentar – la inequidad con respecto a la distribución de las oportunidades de obtener rendimientos académicos satisfactorios al final de la educación secundaria

Analysis of different gamification-based teaching resources for physiotherapy students: a comparative study

For health professionals, gamification is a new teaching method that has achieved an important role in recent years, with excellent results in learning and knowledge acquisition. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the gaming experience through different gamification resources in the classroom with physiotherapy students.Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (FPU17/01109

La actividad simbólica humana: una revisión de las tendencias contemporáneas en el análisis del comportamiento verbal

Desde hace tres décadas aproximadamente el análisis del comportamiento se ha interesado en el estudio del origen y la función de comportamiento complejo humano. No obstante, las perspectivas teóricas actuales referidas a la conducta simbólica y el lenguaje difieren tanto en sus explicaciones como el la terminología usada. El propósito de este artículo es presentar las dos propuestas analítico conductuales de tradición skinneriana de mayor saliencia en el estudio de las dimensiones simbólicas y lingüísticas del comportamiento humano, la Nominación y la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales. Se exponen en breve los antecedentes filosóficos y teóricos comunes a las dos propuestas, así como la aproximación skinneriana al análisis de la conducta verbal. Posteriormente se describen los planteamientos básicos de las dos propuestas y se analizan sus ventajas y deficiencias en los ámbitos de la experimentación y aplicación tecnológica, particularmente en el área de la práctica clínica. En la parte final, se discuten los alcances de estas propuestas teóricas con base en el desarrollo científico de la ciencia de la conducta.Since three decades ago the behavior analysis had been interested in the origins and function of the human complex behavior. However the current theoretical approaches concern to symbolic and linguistic behavior differ they both in their explanations and in the terminology used. This paper aim to show two mayor approaches from skinnerian tradition in the study of this issue; naming, and relational frame theory (RFT). Philosophical and theoretical cores are presented briefly. Later, the basic account of naming and RFT are described and analyzed in terms of advantages and disadvantages in the experimental and technological application fields, particularly in the clinical practice field. Finally, the scopes of this theoretical proposals are discussed based on the behavioral science cientific development

Computational Visual Analysis of the Order Book Dynamics for Creating High-frequency Foreign Exchange Trading Strategies

AbstractThis paper presents a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model used to capture the USD/COP market sentiment dynamics choosing from uptrend or downtrend latent regimes based on observed feature vector realizations calculated from transaction prices and wavelet-transformed order book volume dynamics. The HHMM learned a natural switching buy/uptrend sell/downtrend trading strategy using a training-validation framework over one month of market data. The model was tested on the following two months, and its performance was reported and compared to results obtained from randomly classified market states and a feed-forward Neural Network. This paper also separately assessed the contribution to the model's performance of the order book information and the wavelet transformation

A Measurement Strategy for SDG Thematic Indicators 4.7.4 and 4.7.5 Using International Large Scale Assessments in Education

The aim of this document is to describe and implement a measurement strategy for the SDG Thematic Indicators 4.7.4 and 4.7.5 using International Large-Scale Assessments (ILSAs) in Education. Building on two reports previously published by the Global Alliance to Monitoring Learning (GAML) describing a proposal of a measurement strategy for these two indicators, we use items from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the International Civic and Citizenship Education Survey (ICCS) to fit measurement models, generate scores, and propose a method to establish cutoff points for these indicators.This document is divided into four main sections. In the first one, we describe the methods and tools we used for constructing both the scores to measure each indicator and the cut-off points to identify the individuals who reach the corresponding targets. The second and the third sections correspond to the implementation of the proposed methodological procedures for each of the thematic indicators covered by this document and for their subscales. As a way of summarizing the full set of scores, the fourth section includes a set of tables showing the average percentage of students who reach cut-off points set for any sub-scale for each indicator

THE SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH PROGRAMME: TOWARDS A PRACTIONERS’ PERSPECTIVE IN THE LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT

Based on the Lakatos’ notion of research programmes, this paper analyses the structure of the School Effectiveness Research Programme as it has been developed mainly in the UK and USA, and reviews the main criticisms that have recently risen, stressing those regarding its adherence to a positivist epistemology and the lack of context-sensitive models for school effectiveness. The paper concludes in outlining some possible basis for a new research programme which would suit better the Latin American social reality. This programme would include shifting towards a more critical epistemology and the use of a methodology and theoretical-conceptual tools that would allow the design of context-sensitive (both, micro and macro contexts) models for school effectiveness promoting a gradual inclusion of practitioners’ perspectives.Based on the Lakatos’ notion of research programmes, this paper analyses the structure of the School Effectiveness Research Programme as it has been developed mainly in the UK and USA, and reviews the main criticisms that have recently risen, stressing those regarding its adherence to a positivist epistemology and the lack of context-sensitive models for school effectiveness. The paper concludes in outlining some possible basis for a new research programme which would suit better the Latin American social reality. This programme would include shifting towards a more critical epistemology and the use of a methodology and theoretical-conceptual tools that would allow the design of context-sensitive (both, micro and macro contexts) models for school effectiveness promoting a gradual inclusion of practitioners’ perspectives