A Cohort Analysis of Labor Participation in Mexico, 1987-2009

This paper conducts a cohort analysis of labor participation in urban Mexico in recent decades. The rates analyzed are the labor force participation, the unemployment rate, and the employment shares of the formal and informal salaried sectors, as well as of self-employment. These rates are decomposed into age, cohort, and time effects. The life cycle patterns of labor force participation and formal employment follow a standard inverted U-shape. Younger workers are more likely to participate in the informal salaried sector, while self-employment increases monotonically with age. However, significant informal salaried employment is also observed among older unskilled workers and women of different ages. Strong countercyclical variations are observed for the informal salaried sector, while the opposite occurs for the formal sector. Self-employment fluctuations are for the most part acyclical. These facts support a mixed view of the labor markets whereby some informal sector workers are rationed out of the formal sector, while others go into this sector voluntarily. The analysis also indicates that the female labor force is countercyclical, suggesting the existence of an "added worker" effect. Long-run generational effects show a steadily rising participation in the informal sector with a corresponding decline in formality among newer generations of salaried workers. Some preliminary explanations for this fact are discussed.Latin America, labor force composition, informal sector

Translation analysis of literary sound patterns in the book Vamos a cazar un oso

"Nowadays Children’s literature is overlooked in Mexican society. By presenting this literary analysis, I hope to encourage a few people to invest themselves in reading to children, to the new generations. Children are drawn by sound repetition, and their imagination and curiosity make them interested in reading. Learning a language and obtaining an education is far more than receiving a mere document; it is forming an individual's style life, therefore we will have an accomplished society"

A cohort analysis of labor participation in Mexico, 1987 - 2009

This paper conducts a cohort analysis of labor participation in urban Mexico in recent decades. The rates analyzed are the labor force participation, the unemployment rate, and the employment shares of the formal and informal salaried sectors, as well as of self-employment. These rates are decomposed into age, cohort, and time effects. The life cycle patterns of labor force participation and formal employment follow a standard inverted U-shape. Younger workers are more likely to participate in the informal salaried sector, while self-employment increases monotonically with age. However, significant informal salaried employment is also observed among older unskilled workers and women of different ages. Strong countercyclical variations are observed for the informal salaried sector, while the opposite occurs for the formal sector. Self-employment fluctuations are for the most part acyclical. These facts support a mixed view of the labor markets whereby some informal sector workers are rationed out of the formal sector, while others go into this sector voluntarily. The analysis also indicates that the female labor force is countercyclical, suggesting the existence of an added worker effect. Long-run generational effects show a steadily rising participation in the informal sector with a corresponding decline in formality among newer generations of salaried workers. Some preliminary explanations for this fact are discussed

An improved model for fast and reliable harbour wave agitation assessment

ABSTRACT: This study presents the new advances achieved in the field of harbour agitation climate assessment. Based on the improvement of an elliptic mild-slope model (MSP), which realistically reconstructs waves inside any-sized basin, represented by high-detailed unstructured meshes, and forced by real-shaped outer spectral data. A new solver is proposed for high performance runs, which allow fast agitation hindcast for statistical downtime analysis within an iterative and multi-scenario approach. Also, a realistic assimilation of partial reflection processes in quays/docks/wharfs/breakwaters is proposed. The model has been successfully validated in several harbours of special relevance in Spain with in situ measurements, through the assimilation of the hybrid downscaling (Camus et al., 2011) technique combined with monochromatic-based wave spectral reconstruction.This work has been also partially funded under the RETOS program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (BIA2017-87213-R). We would like to thank Puertos del Estado of Spain for providing spectral outer wave spectral forcing and wave agitation measurements, for gather/organize each Port Authority base data required

Multimodal harbor wave climate characterization based on wave agitation spectral types

A new numerical methodology reaching an improved characterization of the historical harbor wave agitation climate is presented in this work. A detailed frequency-direction wave spectrum definition of wave agitation patterns within harbor basins is achieved, providing an in-depth description of the whole multidirectional and multireflective wave patterns occurring as a natural harbor response. This constitutes an advance from the monoparametric/aggregated wave height parameter-based approaches, traditionally used for wave agitation characterization, to a multivariate and disaggregated representation of in-port waves and the multiple wave transformation processes within harbor basins. In addition, the wave agitation spectral type concept is proposed, whereby the wave agitation spectral shapes are classified into representative clusters of the historical wave agitation response in a harbor. A detailed multiannual analysis of the wave agitation response, based on the different in-port spectral wave components, their relation with the outer-harbor forcing waves, and their interactions with the harbor structures, can be achieved with the proposed methodology. This improved harbor wave climate characterization can be especially relevant for port operability and downtime analyses. The methodology is applied and validated in Africa basin (Las Palmas Port, Spain).This work was supported by a FPU (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities to the first author (FPU18/03046). This work was also partially funded under the State R&D Program Oriented to the Challenges of the Society (PID2020-118285RB-I00) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities

Electrical properties of individual tin oxide nanowires contacted to platinum electrodes

A simple and useful experimental alternative to field-effect transistors for measuring electrical properties free electron concentration nd, electrical mobility , and conductivity in individual nanowires has been developed. A combined model involving thermionic emission and tunneling through interface states is proposed to describe the electrical conduction through the platinum-nanowire contacts, fabricated by focused ion beam techniques. Current-voltage I-V plots of single nanowires measured in both two- and four-probe configurations revealed high contact resistances and rectifying characteristics. The observed electrical behavior was modeled using an equivalent circuit constituted by a resistance placed between two back-to-back Schottky barriers, arising from the metal-semiconductor-metal M-S-M junctions. Temperature-dependent I-V measurements revealed effective Schottky barrier heights up to BE= 0.4 eV

Lithium factories in the Galaxy: novae and AGB stars

We review the state of the art in modelling lithium production, through the Cameron-Fowler mechanism, in two stellar sites: during nova explosions and in the envelopes of massive asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We also show preliminary results concerning the computation of lithium yields from super-AGBs, and suggest that super-AGBs of metallicity close to solar may be the most important galactic lithium producers. Finally, we discuss how lithium abundances may help to understand the modalities of formation of the "second generation" stars in globular clusters.Comment: invited review presented at IAU Symposium 267 "Light Elements in the Universe", Geneva, Switzerland, Nov. 9-13 2009, in pres

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by a Direct In Situ PCR Method

In situ detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is useful for diagnosis and research of paratuberculosis. The aim of this paper was to detect this agent in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples by a direct in situ PCR. The technique was performed on ileum or ileocaecal lymph node samples from 8 naturally infected cattle and 1 healthy calf, by using p89 and p92 primers for amplification of IS900 sequence. Moderate positive signal was detected in all positive samples and not in negative control, but tissues resulted were affected in many cases due to the enzymatic treatment and the high temperature exposition. Although the technique was useful for Map detection, the signal was lower than immunohistochemistry probably because of the fixation process. In one case, signal was higher, which might be due to the detection of spheroplasts. Thus, the described method should be recommended when others resulted negative or for spheroplasts detection

Supuesto propuesto para el ingreso en el Cuerpo Superior de Interventores y Auditores del Estado

Caso 1. Consolidación. Reconstrucción de la inversión adicional. Evolución de los fondos propios de la asociada. Determinación de la diferencia de primera consolidación. Eliminaciones de puesta en equivalencia. Operaciones internas: dividendos y existencia. Caso 2. Análisis Estados Financieros: cálculo del beneficio neto y de los recursos procedentes de las operaciones. Informe sobre la devolución de un préstamo. Importe de la tesorería generada por las operaciones. (Supuesto propuesto para el ingreso en el Cuerpo Superior de Interventores y Auditores del Estado. Tercer Ejercicio. Convocatoria 2001)

Consultas planteadas al ICAC

BOICAC núm. 48, 12-2001. Consulta 5 BOICAC núm. 39, 09-1999. Consulta