Antinociceptive local effect of the combination of dexketoprofen trometamol and chlorhexidine gluconate in a formalin test: an additive effect

A drug delivery system (DDS) with analgesic and antibacterial properties would be desirable for the local control of post-operatory pain and the prevention for surgical site infection (SSI). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the combination between dexketoprofen trometamol (DXT) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) in the formalin pain model. Different doses of CHX were combined with DXT and were locally administered in rats paw simultaneously with 5% formalin dilution. Flinches were documented and the antinociceptive effect was calculated. The area under the curve of each experimental group were calculated and the % of antinociception were compared. The groups of CHX and DXT showed similar antinociceptive effect. The combination groups (DXTCHX) showed higher antinociceptive effect that the one obtained with individual molecules. Besides the confirmation of DXT local antinociceptive properties, CHX also showed a positive effect; and an additive effect when combined with DXT

Porous Layers Composed of Oxide Crystallites Formed by the Combination of Laser Ablation and Anodization of Metal

High-voltage anodization is well known for producing nanostructures such as porous alumina and TiO2 nanotubes. The formation mechanisms involve an intricate balance between oxide growth and dissolution in which pore initiation and propagation is convoluted with the need for strain relief. Laser ablation with a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) produces texture e.g. arrays of pillars, macropores and ripples. Nanoparticles produced in the ablation plume can also be deposited on the target or a remote substrate. These substrates are anodized in solutions typically used for porous film and nanotube production (including viscous fluoride-containing electrolytes). A number of metals have been investigated, with emphasis here on Al and Ti as well as Zn. Laser pre-texturing results in the formation of structures unattainable by anodization alone. Deposited nanoparticles of Al and Zn are found to act as seeds for the growth of oxide crystallites that fuse into porous crystallite films.</jats:p

Evaluation of Marginal Seal and Microleakage of a Sealant Modified with Silver Nanoparticles in Primary Molars

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the marginal seal effectiveness and microleakage of a pit and fissure sealant containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). An experimental in vitro study was carried out using 40 extracted temporary molars without caries or incipient caries. These molars were divided into two groups: Group A (20 molars), to which a silver nanoparticle-containing sealant was applied, and Group B (20 molars), to which a conventional sealant was applied. The marginal seal and microleakage were evaluated. No significant differences in the marginal seal or microleakage were noted between the silver nanoparticle-containing sealant and the conventional sealant.The addition of AgNPs does not alter the adhesion or resistance of the sealant. RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la efectividad del sellado marginal y microfiltración de un sellador de fosetas y fisuras con contenido de nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs). Para esto, se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro usando 40 molares temporales extraídos sin caries o con caries incipiente. Estos molares fueron divididos en dos grupos: Grupo A (20 molares), a los cuales se les aplicó sellador adicionado con nanopartículas de plata, y Grupo B (20 molares), a los cuales se les aplicó el sellador convencional. Se evaluaron el sellado marginal y la microfiltración. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el sellado marginal y microfiltración entre el sellador adicionado con nanopartículas de plata y el sellador convencional. Basados en los resultados obtenidos a partir de este estudio concluimos que la adición de AgNPs no altera la adhesión o la resistencia del sellador. PALABRAS CLAVE Caries, Sellador, Prevención, Nanopartículas de plata

Two-Swim Operators in the Modified Bacterial Foraging Algorithm for the Optimal Synthesis of Four-Bar Mechanisms

This paper presents two-swim operators to be added to the chemotaxis process of the modified bacterial foraging optimization algorithm to solve three instances of the synthesis of four-bar planar mechanisms. One swim favors exploration while the second one promotes fine movements in the neighborhood of each bacterium. The combined effect of the new operators looks to increase the production of better solutions during the search. As a consequence, the ability of the algorithm to escape from local optimum solutions is enhanced. The algorithm is tested through four experiments and its results are compared against two BFOA-based algorithms and also against a differential evolution algorithm designed for mechanical design problems. The overall results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other BFOA-based approaches and finds highly competitive mechanisms, with a single set of parameter values and with less evaluations in the first synthesis problem, with respect to those mechanisms obtained by the differential evolution algorithm, which needed a parameter fine-tuning process for each optimization problem

Case Report: Prone Positioning and Nasal High Flow Oxygen Therapy - An Alternative Strategy to Invasive and Non-Invasive Ventilation in a Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high rates of mortality, which is directly attributed to the pulmonary inflammatory response then compromising gaseous exchange. This case study describes the successful management of a 63-year-old male with severe ARDS who received a strategy which involved the following interventions: Nasal High Flow Oxygen (NHFO) therapy, and prone positioning. It is thought that this strategy improved the lung volume at end expiration to an extent that the patient was able to avoid both noninvasive (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) (and their known associated risks). There is limited evidence describing the use of NHF therapy in patients with ARDS. The use of prone positioning has been demonstrated to significantly improve 28-day mortality in patients with severe ARDS with a PaO2/FiO2&lt; 150 mmHg. The authors acknowledge that until such time that controlled clinical trials considering the efficacy of strategy are conducted it would be premature to recommend it forall suchcases. The prone position is a promising therapy for patients with spontaneous ventilation with high-flow oxygen therapy; controlled and randomized studies should be done to demonstrate its safety and efficacy

Antinociceptive local activity of 4-allyl-1-hydroxy2-methoxybenzene (eugenol) by the formalin test: an anti-inflammatory effect

Eugenol has been employed for decades as a condiment, an antimycotic, an antibacterial, an antiviral, and an antioxidant, and it is one of the natural analgesics most frequently utilized for pain and inflammation. Our objective was to determine the analgesic/anti-inflammatory effect of eugenol compared with diclofenac, naproxen, and tramadol using the formalin test. The formalin method was used in 6- to 10-week-old Wistar rats (weighing 250 g each) divided into six groups: saline (0.9%); formalin (5%); diclofenac (250 µg/kg); naproxen (400 µg/kg); tramadol (500 µg/kg), and eugenol (1,400 µg/kg), in the intraplantar part of the hind-end trunk of the rats, with n = 5 per group. Eugenol diminished 44.4% of nociceptive behavior in phase 1 and 48% in phase 2 (p ≤0.05 vs formalin). Eugenol was shown to be 1.14 times more effective than diclofenac, but 1.62 and 1.75 times less effective than naproxen and tramadol, respectively, in phase 1 and 1.45 times less effective than diclofenac and naproxen and 1.66 less effective than tramadol in phase 2 (p ≤0.05). These data suggest that eugenol possesses moderate activity in the acute pain phase and greater activity in inflammatory-type pain, and both effects are comparable to those produced by diclofenac and are less than the effects produced by naproxen and tramadol in the formalin test

Dental Considerations in Children with Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Favism): A Review of the Literature and Case Report

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an uncommon inherited enzyme deficiency characterized by hemolytic anemia, caused by the inability of erythrocytes to detoxify oxidizing agents such as drugs, infectious diseases, or fava bean ingestion. In this later case, the disorder is known as favism. The aim of the present report was to present a review of the literature in this disease, to describe a case report concerning an affected 9-year-old male, and to review the main implications and precautions in pediatric dental management

Desarrollo de un experimento virtual para la enseñanza a distancia de tópicos de ingeniería química: descarga de un tanque

Se presenta el desarrollo de un espacio de trabajo virtual inmersivo en el que tanto profesores como alumnos pueden interactuar al mismo tiempo con los contenidos elaborados con base en el guion experimental de una práctica de descarga de tanques que se realiza normalmente en laboratorio físico; la finalidad del trabajo es permitir continuar con la educación a distancia, con la mayor aproximación posible a un laboratorio real, cuando las situaciones compliquen acceder presencialmente a los espacios educativos. Se desarrollaron los modelos tridimensionales del equipo requerido en el guion experimental, así como los elementos gráficos que permitieran representar el contenido del tanque; así también se programaron las interacciones requeridas, y se realizó el despliegue del experimento en una plataforma virtual, probando el correcto acceso de usuarios y de operación del experimento.Development of a virtual workspace is presented, in which professors along students will be able to interact at the same time with the content based on a experimental script of a tank discharge practice that is carry out usually in a physical laboratory; the aim of this work is to allow continue with remote education, as real as possible to a real laboratory, even if circumstances avoid to be physically in an academic space. Tridimensional models of the required equipment were developed, as the graphic models that allowed to represent tank contents; interactions were programmed and also the development was deployed on a virtual platform testing users correct access and operation of the experiment