El proceso judicial como «espacio comunicativo»

S'aborda en aquest article la possibilitat i conveniència d'estudiar el procés des del punt de vista de la pragmàtica i les conseqüències beneficioses que se'n deriven, especialment per la seva contribució a una millor comprensió del funcionament i raó de ser del procés judicial. Per arribar a aquesta conclusió es parteix de la relació entre dret i llenguatge, així com de la peculiar posició d'aquest procés en el fenomen jurídic. Després d'analitzar els diversos nivells de comunicació que es produeixen en el món jurídic i la necessitat de distingir entre els plans processal i procedimental es mostren les referències comunicatives que tenen diversos aspectes del procés judicial i el relleu que adquireixen en ser estudiades des d'aquesta perspectiva.This article addresses the possibility and the advisability of studying the judicial process from the perspective of pragmatics and the benefits that has, especially as regards its contribution to a better understanding of the raison d’être of the judicial process and how that works. The starting point in order to reach this conclusion is the relationship between law and language, and the peculiar position of the process within law. After analysing the various levels of language found in this area as well as the need to distinguish between the process and procedural levels, it looks at the communicative references of various aspects of the judicial process and the importance they acquire when studied from this perspective.ResumenSe aborda en este artículo la posibilidad y conveniencia de estudiar el proceso desde el punto de vista de la pragmática y las consecuencias beneficiosas que se derivan de ello, especialmente por su contribución a una mejor comprensión del funcionamiento y razón de ser del proceso judicial. Para llegar a esta conclusión se parte de la relación entre derecho y lenguaje, así como de la peculiar posición del proceso en el fenómeno jurídico. Tras analizar los diversos niveles de comunicación que se dan en el mundo jurídico y la necesidad de distinguir entre los planos procesal y procedimental se muestran las referencias comunicativas que tienen diversos aspectos del proceso judicial y el relieve que adquieren al ser estudiadas desde esta perspectiva

Real Decreto 305/2022, de 3 de mayo, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento del Ministerio Fiscal [BOE-A-2022-7184]

[ES]Crónica de legislación. Derecho procesa

Algunos aspectos de la actuación policial en el contexto de la directiva 2016/343 de 9 de marzo

The enlargement of the meaning of the presumption of innocence in the Directive 2016/343/eu will not make necessary to introduce reforms into the Spanish criminal procedure, which is amply complying with the European criteria of due process of law. But in the light of the new Directive’s concept it can be seen the lack of concern about certain aspects of police actuations, closely connected with the presumption of innocence. One symptom of this is the absence of regulation about measures like prep-walks, raids, handcuffs, mass-media exposures, etc. , and the consequent lack of criteria about the circumstances in which they may be appropriate. The important of this is evident, especially when these measures may be in many cases more afflictive than judgment itself.To overcome those deficiencies, the author underlines the importance to recognize and incorporate to the legal norm the true role of police intervention in the criminal investigation. And furthermore on the basis of the law nowadays in force and the case law related with it, it will be necessary to establish clearly who should decide in each case about the adoption or not of these measures.La ampliación del contenido de la presunción de inocencia realizada por la Directiva 2016/343/UE, no obliga a cambios legislativos en nuestro proceso penal, que pasa sobradamente el examen de homologación según los estándares europeos. Pero esa expansión del contenido pone de relieve la falta de atención que ha habido hasta ahora sobre ciertos aspectos estrechamente conectados con la presunción de inocencia como los despliegues policiales para la práctica de detenciones o registros, los traslados de los detenidos, la aplicación de medidas de contención por los cuerpos de segur idad o la exposición a los medios de comunicación. Falta de atención que conlleva una ausencia de criterios sobre las circunstancias tales intervenciones son adecuadas. Lo cual es grave, teniendo en cuenta que, en muchos casos, pueden ser más aflictivas para el investigado que la propia sentencia, aunque sea condenatoria.Para conseguir una adecuada protección de estos aspectos de la presunción de inocencia se subraya en el artículo la importancia de aplicar las normas vigentes que en las propias leyes procesales establecen la protección de estos derechos y, también partiendo de la normativa vigente y la jurisprudencia relacionada con ella, establecer con claridad quién debe decidir en cada caso sobre la adopción o no de estas medidas. En el fondo late la necesidad de reconocer con sinceridad el peso real que tiene la intervención policial en la investigación criminal

A wearable closed-loop insulin delivery system based on low-power SoCs

The number of patients living with diabetes has increased significantly in recent years due to several factors. Many of these patients are choosing to use insulin pumps for their treatment, artificial systems that administer their insulin and consist of a glucometer and an automatic insulin supply working in an open loop. Currently, only a few closed-loop insulin delivery devices are commercially available. The most widespread systems among patients are what have been called the “Do-It-Yourself Hybrid Closed-Loop systems.” These systems require the use of platforms with high computing power. In this paper, we will present a novel wearable system for insulin delivery that reduces the energy and computing consumption of the platform without affecting the computation requirements. Patients’ information is obtained from a commercial continuous glucose sensor and a commercial insulin pump operating in a conventional manner. An ad-hoc embedded system will connect with the pump and the sensor to collect the glucose data and process it. That connection is accomplished through a radiofrequency channel that provides a suitable system for the patient. Thus, this system does not require to be connected to any other processor, which increases the overall stability. Using parameters configured by the patient, the control system will make automatic adjustments in the basal insulin infusion thereby bringing the patient’s glycaemia to the target set by a doctor’s prescription. The results obtained will be satisfactory as long as the configured parameters faithfully match the specific characteristics of the patient. Results from the simulation of 30 virtual patients (10 adolescents, 10 adults, and 10 children), using a python implementation of the FDA-approved (Food and Drug Administration) UVa (University of Virginia)/Padova Simulator and a python implementation of the proposed algorithm, are presented

Practicum de derecho I

En los nuevos planes de estudio de las Facultades de Derecho, se ha introducido en los programas de varios cursos, una nueva disciplina a través de la cual se pretende introducir al alumno en cuestiones instrumentales y de método de conocimiento, para facilitar y completar sus estudios

A Randomized Study of Nutritional Supplementation in Patients with Unilateral Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Carotenoides; Marcadors inflamatoris; Àcids grassos poliinsaturatsCarotenoides; Marcadores inflamatorios; Ácidos grasos poliinsaturadosCarotenoids; Inflammatory markers; Polyunsaturated fatty acidsThe purpose of this study is evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal products containing the original Age-Related Eye Disease group (AREDS) formulation at doses approved in Europe (EU, control group; n = 59) with a product that adds DHA, lutein, zeaxanthin, resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol to the formula (intervention group; n = 50). This was a multicenter, randomized, observer-blinded trial conducted in patients aged 50 years or older diagnosed with unilateral exudative Age related Macular Degeneration AMD. At month 12, the intervention did not have a significant differential effect on visual acuity compared with the control group, with an estimated treatment difference in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) of −1.63 (95% CI −0.83 to 4.09; p = 0.192). The intervention exhibited a significant and, in most cases, relevant effect in terms of a reduction in some inflammatory cytokines and a greater improvement in the fatty acid profile and serum lutein and zeaxantin concentration. In patients with unilateral wet AMD, the addition of lutein, zeaxanthin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and DHA to the AREDS EU recommended doses in the short-term did not have a differential effect on visual acuity compared to a standard AREDS EU formula but, in addition to improving the fatty acid profile and increasing carotenoid serum levels, may provide a beneficial effect in improving the proinflammatory and proangiogenic profile of patients with AMD.The research was funded by Laboratorios Théa (Barcelona, Spain) and by research grants from the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)” and RD16/0008/0011, OFTARED: Enfermedades oculares: “Prevención, detección precoz, tratamiento y rehabilitación de las patologías oculares”

Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Differentiate Into Corneal Tissue and Prevent Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mice

Clinical trials have assessed the use of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) for the treatment of immune-related disorders such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In the current study, we show that GFP+-transduced hBMSCs generated from bone marrow migrate and differentiate into corneal tissue after subconjunctival injection in mice. Interestingly, these hBMSCs display morphological features of epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells and appear at different layers and with different morphologies depending on their position within the epithelium. Furthermore, these cells display ultrastructural properties, such as bundles of intermediate filaments, interdigitations, and desmosomes with GFP- cells, which confirms their differentiation into corneal tissues. GFP+-transduced hBMSCs were injected at different time points into the right eye of lethally irradiated mice undergoing bone marrow transplantation, which developed ocular GVHD (oGVHD). Remarkably, hBMSCs massively migrate to corneal tissues after subconjunctival injection. Both macroscopic and histopathological examination showed minimal or no evidence of GVHD in the right eye, while the left eye, where no hBMSCs were injected, displayed features of GVHD. Thus, in the current study, we confirm that hBMSCs may induce their therapeutic effect at least in part by differentiation and regeneration of damaged tissues in the host. Our results provide experimental evidence that hBMSCs represent a potential cellular therapy to attenuate oGVHD

A randomized study of nutritional supplementation in patients with unilateral wet age-related macular degeneration

The purpose of this study is evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal products con-taining the original Age-Related Eye Disease group (AREDS) formulation at doses approved in Europe (EU, control group; n = 59) with a product that adds DHA, lutein, zeaxanthin, resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol to the formula (intervention group; n = 50). This was a multicenter, random-ized, observer-blinded trial conducted in patients aged 50 years or older diagnosed with unilateral exudative Age related Macular Degeneration AMD. At month 12, the intervention did not have a significant differential effect on visual acuity compared with the control group, with an estimated treatment difference in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) of -1.63 (95% CI -0.83 to 4.09; p = 0.192). The intervention exhibited a significant and, in most cases, relevant effect in terms of a reduction in some inflammatory cytokines and a greater improvement in the fatty acid profile and serum lutein and zeaxantin concentration. In patients with unilateral wet AMD, the addition of lutein, zeaxanthin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and DHA to the AREDS EU recommended doses in the short-term did not have a differential effect on visual acuity compared to a standard AREDS EU formula but, in addition to improving the fatty acid profile and increasing carotenoid serum levels, may provide a beneficial effect in improving the proinflammatory and proangiogenic profile of patients with AMD. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland