Propuesta metodológica para el análisis de la ficción televisiva 2.0

En este trabajo se abordan las transformaciones experimentadas por la ficción televisiva en el contexto de la convergencia mediática y se desarrolla una propuesta para el análisis de los mecanismos y estrategias de difusión y promoción de los productos de ficción que llevan a cabo las cadenas de televisión españolas a través de InternetThe changes televised fiction has experienced in the context of media convergence are addressed in this paper, and a proposal is outlined for analyzing the mechanisms and strategies Spanish television chains use to disseminate and promote fictional products through the InternetNeste trabalho abordam-se as transformações experimentadas pela ficção televisiva no contexto da convergência mediática e desenvolve uma proposta para a análise dos mecanismos e estratégias de difusão e promoção dos produtos de ficção que realizam os canais de televisão espanhóis através da internet

Adherencia al tratamiento en niñas y niños con VIH

The article discusses and determines the degree of adherence to HIV/AIDS treatment in children while considering the behaviors and the variables associated with the disease. The study was adjusted for 1 male and 5 female children diagnosed with HIV and their primary caregivers. A semi-structured interview evaluating treatment adherence for children with HIV/AIDS ad hoc was conducted with the 6 children. The primary caregivers underwent a modified version of the semi-structured interview evaluating children’s HIV/AIDS treatment adherence ad hoc. The results show the presence of adherence conducts in the study’s participants, evidenced by a series of variables determined for these behavioral conducts. Five of the participants were 95% adherent to treatment, while one participant was determined to be under this percentage level. The study revealed two main findings which influenced children’s adherence to HIV/AIDS treatment; the children’s emotional state and the importance of their primary caregivers’ role.Este artículo describe y determina el grado de adherencia al tratamiento en niños y niñas con VIH/ SIDA teniendo en cuenta los comportamientos y las variables asociadas a ésta. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1 niño y 5 niñas, diagnosticados con VIH, y su respectivo cuidador primario, quienes respondieron a la entrevista semiestructurada de evaluación de adherencia para niños y niñas con VIH/ SIDA ad hoc y a la entrevista semiestructurada de evaluación de adherencia para niños y niñas con VIH/SIDA versión cuidador primario ad hoc , respectivamente. Los resultados muestran la presencia de conductas de adherencia en los participantes del estudio, evidenciando la influencia de una serie de variables determinantes para este comportamiento. Cinco de los participantes cumplieron más del 95% de adherencia, mientras que uno se ubicó por debajo de este porcentaje. Como aspectos centrales se destacan la influencia de los estados emocionales en la toma del medicamento y la importancia del rol del cuidador primario en la adherencia.Este artigo descreve e determina o grau de aderência ao tratamento em meninos e meninas com HIV/ AIDS levando em conta os comportamentos e os fatores associados a esta. A mostra esteve conformada por 1 menino e 5 meninas diagnosticadas com HIV e seu respectivo cuidador primário, que responderam à Entrevista Semi-estructurada de avaliação de aderência para crianças e meninas com HIV/AIDS ad hoc e à Entrevista Semiestructurada de avaliação de aderência para crianças e meninas com HIV/AIDS versão cuidador primário ad hoc , respectivamente. Os resultados mostram a presença de condutas de aderência nos participantes do estudo, evidenciando a influência de uma série de factores determinantes para este comportamento. Cinco dos participantes cumpriram mais de 95% de aderência, enquanto um ficou embaixo desta porcentagem. Como aspectos centrais se destacam a influência dos estados emocionais na tomada do medicamento e o a importância do rol do cuidador primário na aderência

Dietary intake, nutritional adequacy and food sources of vitamins involved in the methionine-methylation cycle from Spanish children aged one to <10 years: results from the EsNuPI study

Background: Methionine-methylation cycle and the derived critical functions during infancy are key regulated by folates, vitamins B12, and B6. At present in Spain, there is an absence of studies that assess the intakes and dietary sources of total folates and B12 by children consuming all types of milks and those regularly consuming adapted milk formulas. Thus, our aim was to evaluate folates intakes alongside with vitamins B6 and B12 while describing their major dietary contributors in Spanish children aged one to <10 years. Methods: A total of 1,448 children aged between 1 and 10 years (49.7% girls and 50.3% boys) from the EsNuPI, a prospective cross-sectional study, were allocated into two cohorts: one Spanish Reference Cohort (SRS) of the general population (n = 707), and another including children consuming adapted milks called Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort (AMS) (n = 741) completed two 24 h dietary recalls used to estimate their nutrient intakes and to compare them to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Population Reference Intakes. Results: The median intake of vitamin B6 was 1.35 (1.06–1.70) mg/day in the SRS and 1.45 (1.17–1.79) mg/day in the AMS, being significantly higher in the AMS for all age-groups. Prevalence of adequacy for vitamin B6 in the SRS and AMS was 97.7 and 98.7%, respectively. Total folates intakes in the AMS were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in all age groups than in the SRS, independently of age. In addition, the prevalence of adequacy for folates intakes in all groups was more than 60%. Vitamin B12 intake increased with age independently of the type of milk consumed. The prevalence of adequacy for vitamin B12 was highly compliant by all population groups. The major contributors to vitamin B6 were milk and dairy products being significantly higher in AMS than SRS (p ≤ 0.001). The highest contributors to folates intakes were milk and dairy products, cereals, vegetables, and fruits in both groups whereas for vitamin B12 in the SRS sample were milk and dairy products followed by meat and meats products and for adapted milks, were milk and dairy products, followed by eggs, then meat and meats products. Conclusion: A satisfactory prevalence of adequacy for vitamins B6, and B12 amongst the Spanish children population was observed, which was not the case for folates, regardless of the dietary group evaluated. Nevertheless, a possible strategy to increase folate intake among the youngest children is to increase the consumption of milk and dairy products within a healthier dietary pattern, as these may contribute significantly to the vitamin needs of the infant population.Instituto Puleva de Nutrición (IPN) under an agreement with Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN) and Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT

The Spanish version of the child medical fear questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation and validation

Having valid and reliable tools that help health professionals to assess fear in children undergoing medical procedures is essential to offer humanised and quality of care in the paediatric population. The aim of this study was to develop the cross-cultural adaptation and the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 'Child Medical Fear Scale' in its shortened version (CMFS-R). The design consisted of two phases: first, of cross-cultural adaptation and second, of the psychometric validation of the CMFS-R with a sample of 262 children from Spain, applying a cross-sectional design. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity and the Cronbach's alpha and the adjusted item-total score correlation coefficients were performed to study reliability. The results confirmed internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the CMFS-R, indicating that the scale has an acceptable level of validity and reliability. Therefore, this study brings a new version of the scale to assess fear related to medical procedures for use in the Spanish paediatric population.This work was funded by the Department of Education of the Government of Navarre, grant number CENEDUCA4/201

Allelic variations in genes of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and their association with the susceptibility to sepsis and its clinical course

RESUMEN: Se considera que la sepsis es la principal causa de mortalidad en las unidades de cuidado intensivo, por lo cual ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones que aún no se han traducido en avances terapéuticos significativos. El balance entre los fenómenos proinflamatorios y antiinflamatorios característicos de este síndrome es el que puede determinar el desenlace del paciente; además, la complejidad del desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas en sepsis está relacionada con la naturaleza heterogénea de la respuesta inmune; se destaca la importancia de los factores genéticos que regulan el componente inmune durante la respuesta inflamatoria. Con base en tales conocimientos, esta revisión se centra en genes de citocinas importantes en el curso clínico de la sepsis, en la información sobre sus variantes genéticas en la población con sepsis y en su impacto sobre la función del gen. Estos factores son de importancia crítica y un mejor conocimiento acerca de ellos podría ayudar a evaluar el riesgo de desarrollar sepsis y a definir su asociación con la evolución clínica de este síndrome.ABSTRACT: Sepsis is the main cause of mortality in intensive care units. Therefore, many efforts to develop therapeutic approaches have been made without significant progress. The balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses during the course of sepsis may determine the clinical outcome of patients; besides, the complexity of developing successful treatments in sepsis may be related to the heterogeneous nature of immune responses; the importance of genetic factors that regulate the immune component during the inflammatory response is emphasized. Based on such facts, this review focuses on genes of cytokines involved in the clinical course of sepsis; on information about their allelic variants found in the population with sepsis, and on their impact on gene expression. These factors are of critical importance, and a better knowledge about them could help to evaluate the risk of developing sepsis, and to define their association with the clinical evolution of this syndrome