High Power Ultrasound to Recover Fine Particles in Flotation Process

9 pages, 6 figures.-- Communication presented at: Forum Acusticum Sevilla 2002 (Sevilla, Spain, 16-20 Sep 2002), comprising: 3rd European Congress on Acoustics; XXXIII Spanish Congress on Acoustics (TecniAcústica 2002); European and Japanese Symposium on Acoustics; 3rd Iberian Congress on Acoustics.-- Special issue of the journal Revista de Acústica, Vol. XXXIII, year 2002.The flotation process to recover useful substances from minerals has been used for dozens of years. For the flotation, air bubbles in a water solution of finely ground mineral particles must be introduced. The particles were prepared with chemical substances (surfactants) to be caught by the bubbles.Some attempts were made to improve the whole process, the best results reported were obtained for a technique called the "high energy" flotation experiments, [1] [2][3]. It seems that the recovering of the useful substances can be improved if some energy can be injected to the reactor with the metallurgic pulp. This suggests that an ultrasonic field can also improve the recovering in flotation. In this paper an application of acoustic cavitation to the flotation process is explored.The authors would like to thank the financial support of project FONDECYT 1010243.Peer reviewe

Estrategias de enseñanza que emplean los docentes para desarrollar en los estudiantes el pensamiento reflexivo y crítico: estado del arte en México (1990-2013)

La exigencia de un esfuerzo de reflexividad se constituye como punto de partida indispensable para el diseño de estrategias y metodologías que guíen el desarrollo profesional, académico y de investigación (Pacheco, 2009: 40). Es necesario explorar los factores que influyen en el distanciamiento entre profesores y alumnos, así como las limitaciones que presentan las actuales prácticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, en las cuales predomina la acumulación de información por sobre el ánimo de promover una verdadera capacidad de pensar. En función de este distanciamiento crítico, profesores y alumnos enfrentarían el desafío de actualizar de manera permanente las estrategias epistemológicas, pedagógicas y didácticas que les permitan enseñar y aprender la capacidad de pensar y de razonar como tareas fundamentales de la formación. El despliegue de estrategias de tipo reflexivo apunta de manera preliminar a remover las inercias arraigadas y anquilosadas en el medio escolar y académico, para posteriormente valorar el peso histórico del conocimiento producido, así como su potencial heurístico.Desde el surgimiento de la enfermería moderna en Iberoamérica, ocurrido en los inicios del siglo pasado, ha venido cobrando importancia la formación de las nuevas generaciones de profesionistas, con esto nos referimos a la educación institucional; primero en los hospitales, posteriormente bajo el cobijo de las escuelas y facultades de medicina y finalmente en las escuelas y facultades de enfermería, principalmente dependientes de universidades públicas (Cárdenas, 2005: 120-129). En ese largo camino, se ha buscado el equilibrio o la congruencia entre los perfiles académico y laboral, esto es, que la formación de los egresados sea acorde con su desempeño profesional en el mercado laboral. Esto ha significado revisar de manera permanente los conocimientos, métodos, técnicas y estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las nuevas generaciones de enfermeras y enfermeros, manteniendo una vinculación permanente entre la docencia y la asistencia. En la actualidad, la formación de profesionistas en enfermería que respondan de manera eficiente, oportuna, asertiva y humanística a las demandas del cuidado de la vida y al mantenimiento y/o restablecimiento de la salud de una persona no es tarea fácil, toda vez que existe un alto nivel de complejidad en los procesos de vida-salud, salud-enfermedad y vida-muerte; donde el cuidado formal que brinda este profesional implica el establecimiento de un vínculo entre dos seres –el cuidado y el cuidador-, a lo largo del ciclo vital, orientado a la promoción, protección, recuperación y rehabilitación de la salud, así como a atender la enfermedad, para contribuir al desarrollo de una vida digna y plena, o en su caso, ayudar a bien morir

Perfil vocacional del alumnado de bachillerato que elige estudiar enfermería

Pre-university students' interests and vocational values are decisive in continuing their studies. The decision to pursue the Degree is mostly gestated during secondary education, which reveals the importance of the guidance function at this stage. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic survey. Four thousand seven hundred fourteen students in the 2nd year of Baccalaureate from the Community of Madrid participated. They chose four preferred university degrees and completed a questionnaire on Basic Academic Professional Interests-CIBAP and another on Vocational Values. The MANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U tests determine significant differences in the interests and vocational values of 2nd-year high school students who opt for a Nursing degree about their peers who opt for other university studies, specifically in 10 of the 20 areas of professional interests and in 8 of the vocational values. Said differences are more significant for those who choose Nursing in the areas of Health, Experimental Sciences, Protection, and Safety, and in the vocational values of Helping people, Developing transcendental values, and Having the conviction of doing something valuable and essential. Second-year Baccalaureate students who choose to study Nursing present a differential and characteristic vocational profile concerning other students. Its knowledge by guidance professionals would support the crucial process of reflection for the choice of university studies.Los intereses y valores vocacionales del alumnado preuniversitario juegan un papel decisivo a la hora de continuar los estudios. La decisión de cursar el Grado se gesta mayoritariamente durante la educación secundaria, lo que revela la importancia de la función orientadora en esta etapa. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal y con muestreo no probabilístico. Participaron 4714 estudiantes de 2º de Bachillerato de la Comunidad de Madrid. Eligieron cuatro titulaciones universitarias preferidas y completaron un cuestionario de Intereses Básicos Académicos Profesionales-CIBAP y otro de Valores Vocacionales. Las pruebas de MANOVA y U de Mann-Whitney determinan diferencias significativas en los intereses y valores vocacionales del alumnado de 2º de Bachillerato que opta por el Grado de Enfermería en relación con sus pares que optan por otros estudios universitarios, concretamente en 10 de las 20 áreas de intereses profesionales y en 8 de los valores vocacionales. Dichas diferencias son superiores para los/as que eligen Enfermería en las áreas de Sanidad, Ciencias experimentales y Protección y Seguridad y en los valores vocacionales de Ayudar a las personas, Desarrollar valores transcendentes y Tener la convicción de realizar algo útil e importante. Los/as estudiantes de 2º de Bachillerato que eligen estudiar Enfermería presentan un perfil vocacional diferencial y característico con respecto a los demás. Su conocimiento por parte de profesionales orientadores/as permitiría el acompañamiento en el crucial proceso de reflexión para la elección de los estudios universitarios

Impacto de la ecografía volumétrica portátil en el sondaje vesical por retención urinaria en una unidad de medicina interna

Aim: To estimate the impact of the use of portable bladder volumetric ultrasound on bladder catheterization due to suspicion of urinary retention in an internal medicine unit. Methodology: Study of retrospective cohorts, comparing the cohort exposed to the availability of bladder ultrasound, with the not exposed the previous year. All records in the Electronic Medical Record (EHR) of short-term permanent bladder catheters in adult patients admitted to the Internal Medicine hospitalization unit of the University Hospital Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA) during the years 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. The urinary retention frequency is estimated as the cause of the catheterization after the device has been incorporated into the unit and compared with the frequency of catheterization during the same period of the previous year in the same unit. It is estimated that the impact of having this device on the urinary retention frequency is the reason for the catheterization. Results: 134 catheters are included in 113 patients, 62 in the group without ultrasound and 72 in the group with ultrasound. The frequency of catheterizations due to retention is reduced from 47.5% to 21.4% after introducing the ultrasound unit into the unit. This represents a 50% reduction (adjusted RR=0.48; CI95%:0.27-0.84, p=0.01) in the frequency of urinary catheterization for suspected urinary retention.Objetivo: Estimar el impacto que el uso de ecógrafo vesical tiene en los sondajes vesicales por sospecha de retención urinaria de una unidad de Medicina interna.Metodología: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivas, comparando la cohorte expuesta a la disponibilidad del ecógrafo vesical, con la no expuesta el año previo. Se analizan todos los registros en la Historia Clínica Electrónica (HCE) de sondajes vesicales permanentes de corta duración en pacientes adultos que ingresaron en la unidad de hospitalización de Medicina Interna del Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA) durante los años 2015 y 2016. Se estima la frecuencia de retención urinaria como causa del sondaje después de la incorporación del dispositivo en la unidad y se compara con la frecuencia en sondajes durante el mismo periodo del año anterior en la misma unidad. Se estima el impacto que disponer de este dispositivo tiene en la frecuencia de retención urinaria como motivo del sondaje.Resultados: Se incluyen 134 sondajes en 113 pacientes, 62 en el grupo sin ecógrafo y 72 en el grupo con ecógrafo. La frecuencia de sondajes por retención se reduce del 47.5% al 21.4% después de introducir el ecógrafo en la unidad. Esto supone una reducción del 50% (RR ajustado= 0.48; IC95%:0.27-0.84, p=0.01) en la frecuencia de sondaje vesical por sospecha de retención urinaria

Flux emergence event underneath a filament

Flux emergence phenomena are relevant at different temporal and spatial scales.We have studied a flux emergence region underneath a filament. This filament elevated itselfsmoothly, and the associated CME reached the Earth. In this study we investigate the size andthe amount of flux in the emergence event. The flux emergence site appeared just beneath afilament. The emergence acquired a size of 24 Mm in half a day. The unsigned magnetic fluxdensity from LOS-magnetograms was around 1 kG at its maximum. The transverse field as wellas the filament eruption were also analysed.Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Searching for Carrington-like events and their signatures and triggers

The Carrington storm in 1859 is considered to be the major geomagnetic disturbance related to solar activity. In a recent paper, Cid et al. (2015) discovered a geomagnetic disturbance case with a profile extraordinarily similar to the disturbance of the Carrington event at Colaba, but at a mid-latitude observatory, leading to a reinterpretation of the 1859 event. Based on those results, this paper performs a deep search for other ?Carrington-like? events and analyses interplanetary observations leading to the ground disturbances which emerged from the systematic analysis. The results of this study based on two Carrington-like events (1) reinforce the awareness about the possibility of missing hazardous space weather events as the large H-spike recorded at Colaba by using global geomagnetic indices, (2) argue against the role of the ring current as the major current involved in Carrington-like events, leaving field-aligned currents (FACs) as the main current involved and (3) propose abrupt southward reversals of IMF along with high solar wind pressure as the interplanetary trigger of a Carrington-like event.Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Proposal for a model for the care of the sexual health of the young adult before HPV

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections such as HPV mainly affect adolescents and young adults; Women are more susceptible to contracting them due to multiple factors. Promoting sexual health has increased knowledge about prevention, but it is still insufficient. Objective: to propose a model of sexual health care in young adults before HPV. Methodology: the focus of the study was qualitative, convenience sampling, with 13 sexually active key informants. A semi-structured interview was used in the data collection to identify the paradigm of the young adult against HPV in three categories: sexuality,risk of infection, and care. The theoretical proposal of the model reinterprets the concepts to build the framework of the proposal. Results: beliefs or myths prevail about sexuality limited to intercourse as the only source of pleasure; HPV is recognized as an STI, but it is unknown if there are symptoms and it is confused with another STI; there is a risk ofinfection mainly due to the number of sexual partners, the responsibility for care is left to the couple, and health services are not used as a preventive form. The care proposal emphasizes self-care according to this paradigm that integrates the physical, psychological, self-knowledge and spiritual areas. Conclusions: self-care is an interesting concept to address in promoting the sexual health of young adults in the face of the reality that they live concerning STIs.Introduction. Sexually Transmitted Infections such as HPV mainly affect adolescents and young adults; Women are more susceptible to contracting them due to multiple factors. Promoting sexual health has increased knowledge about prevention, but it is still insufficient. Objective.To propose a model of sexual health care in young adults before HPV. Methodology: the focus of the study was qualitative, convenience sampling, with 13 sexually active key informants. A semi-structured interview was used in the data collection to identify the paradigm of the young adult against HPV in three categories: sexuality, risk of infection, and care. The theoretical proposal of the model reinterprets the concepts to build the framework of the proposal. Results. Beliefs or myths prevail about sexuality limited to intercourse as the only source of pleasure; HPV is recognized as an STI, but it is unknown if there are symptoms and it is confused with another STI; there is a risk of infection mainly due to the number of sexual partners, the responsibility for care is left to the couple, and health services are not used as a preventive form. The care proposal emphasizes self-care according to this paradigm that integrates the physical, psychological, self-knowledge and spiritual areas. Conclusions.Self-care is an interesting concept to address in promoting the sexual health of young adults in the face of the reality that they live concerning STIs

Modeling the recovery phase of extreme geomagnetic storms

Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónJunta de Comunidades de Castilla La-Manch

The innovative methodology for teaching and learning about sexuality care in a population of young Mexicans

Introduction. Sex education in Mexico focuses on biological aspects, with traditional teaching-learning strategies, which do not encourage reflection on learning that impacts the care of sexuality, so it is urgent to propose a change so that the student becomes a subject and not an object of your learning. Objective. To report the experiences in developing the innovative methodology through the Maguerez Arch for the teaching and learning ofthe Care of the sexuality of the University Emerging Adult. Method. Qualitative study based on the Arco de Maguerez problematization methodology, developed on 12 Nursing students from 18 to 25 who attended 12 program sessions: “Taking care of my sexuality.” The reports were analyzed by content analysis and technique of the speech. Results. Ac-cording to the five moments of the Maguerez Arch: 1) Observation of reality: ignorance of contraceptive methods and sexually transmitted infections, 2) Identify the key points: An approach to sexuality to the biological aspect and non-invasive care it is part of their sexual life 3) Theorizing the problem: topics to be developed by the students: sexual education, communication, self-esteem, and empowerment, 4) Solution hypothesis: the care and knowledge of their sexuality if it is a priority in their life, 5 ) Reality application: they recognize the right to live sexuality with responsibility and care. Conclusions. The methodology was innovative, motivating, and significant, allowing the student to make conscious decisions regarding the care of their sexuality.Introduction. Sex education in Mexico focuses on biological aspects, with traditional tea- ching-learning strategies, which do not encourage reflection on learning that impacts the care of sexuality, so it is urgent to propose a change so that the student becomes a subject and not an object of your learning. Objective. To report the experiences in developing the innovative methodology through the Maguerez Arch for the teaching and learning of the Care of the sexuality of the University Emerging Adult. Method. Qualitative study based on the Arco de Maguerez problematization methodology, developed on 12 Nursing students from 18 to 25 who attended 12 program sessions: “Taking care of my sexuality.” The reports were analyzed by content analysis and technique of the speech. Results. According to the five moments of the Maguerez Arch: 1) Observation of reality: ignorance of contraceptive methods and sexually transmitted infections, 2) Identify the key points: An approach to sexuality to the biological aspect and non-invasive care it is part of their sexual life 3) Theorizing the problem: topics to be developed by the students: sexual edu- cation, communication, self-esteem, and empowerment, 4) Solution hypothesis: the care and knowledge of their sexuality if it is a priority in their life, 5 ) Reality application: they recognize the right to live sexuality with responsibility and care. Conclusions. The methodology was innovative, motivating, and significant, allowing the student to make conscious decisions regarding the care of their sexuality

Influence of the Human Development Index on the Maternal–Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality of Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Importance for Personalized Medical Care

This study (FIS-PI18/00912) was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Plan Estatal de I + D + i 2013–2016) and cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund ‘‘A way to achieve Europe’’ (ERDF) and B2017/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM.Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is perhaps the most worrisome pandemic in the 21st century, having entailed devastating consequences for the whole society during the last year. Different studies have displayed an existing association between pregnancy and COVID-19 severity due to the various physiological changes that occur during gestation. Recent data identified maternal country of origin as an important determinant of COVID-19 presentation in pregnant women. However, the explanation of this fact remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to analyze the possible relationship between Human Development Index (HDI) of maternal country of origin with the morbimortality of pregnant women and their newborns. Here, we conducted a multicentric, ambispective, observational case-control study (1:1 ratio) and compare with the HDI of each country (group 1—very high HDI, group 2—high HDI, group 3—medium HDI, and group 4—low HDI). In total, 1347 pregnant women with confirmed SARV-CoV-2 infection (cases) were enrolled, and each was paired with one control to give a total number of 2694 participants from 81 tertiary care centers. Among the women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, more cases were produced of perinatal mortality, overall maternal morbidity, COVID-19 maternal morbidity, C-sections, hypertensive maternal morbidity, and perinatal morbidity. Our results described an inverse association between HDI and maternofetal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the countries with an HDI lower than 1 showed higher rates of patients with maternal COVID-19-related morbidity (6.0% vs. 2.4%, p < 0.001), a need for oxygen therapy (4.7% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001), and maternal ICU admission (2.6% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.007). Compared to other risk factors such as overweight, obesity, preexisting and obstetric comorbidities, HDI emerged as an independent risk factor explaining much of the increased maternal–perinatal morbidity and mortality detected in our group of cases. Further research is needed to establish to confirm the real impact of this factor and its components on pregnancy outcomes.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEUnión EuropeaComunidad de MadridInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIpu