Planeación estratégica de Andrews en el simulador de negocios Capstone

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la estrategia dentro de las empresas con sus respectivas tomas de decisiones; así como los resultados de la gestión de una empresa virtual en el simulador de negocios Capstone. Dicho análisis se realiza por ocho periodos simulados (4 semanas reales), en las principales áreas de las organizaciones: investigación y desarrollo, mercadotecnia, producción, finanzas, calidad y recursos humanos. El capítulo uno presenta la teoría de la estrategia de los negocios y sus distintos enfoques y se analizan casos de empresas internacionales. En el segundo capítulo se presenta la estrategia a desarrollar por parte de Andrews, así como una introducción al simulador de negocios, la industria de los sensores y una breve descripción de la empresa. De los capítulos tres al seis, se analizan los resultados de Andrews y las demás empresas participantes en la industria, de manera bianual. La información para ello se obtiene del Capstone Courier y del Balanced Scorecard que presenta el simulador al finalizar cada uno de los años simulados. En el capítulo siete se presentan las conclusiones generales del equipo, respecto a la competencia del simulador

Aprovechamiento de residuos de Eichhornia Crassipes para la remoción de Cr (vi) en aguas residuales simuladas

Eichhornia crassipes is a plant considered a pest for the different aquatic ecosystems in the world. Furthermore, Cr (VI) is a highly toxic aquatic pollutant. The adsorption capacity of Eichhornia crassipes as a bioadsorbent was studied for the removal of Cr (VI) in a simulated wastewater. The ion concentration in solution, pH and temperature were studied using a symmetric factorial experimental design and applicating an ANOVA analysis. The highest Cr (VI) adsorption capacity (2.5 mgꞏg-1) was obtained at 75 ppm of Cr (VI), pH of 1.5 and 45 ° C. Surface functional groups were observed that, through electrostatic attraction and formation of hydrogen bonds, favored the adsorption of Cr (VI). This allows to conclude that this bioadsorbent is effective for the elimination of Cr (VI) in solution using a simple and low-cost process.Eichhornia crassipes es una planta considerada una plaga para los diferentes ecosistemas acuáticos en el mundo. Además el Cr (VI) es un contaminante acuático altamente tóxico. Se estudió la capacidad de adsorción de la Eichhornia crassipes como bioadsorbente para la remoción de Cr (VI) presente en un agua residual simulada. La concentración del ion en solución, pH y temperatura fueron estudiadas como variables en un diseño experimental factorial simétrico, y mediante análisis ANOVA. La mayor capacidad de adsorción Cr (VI) (2.5 mgꞏg-1) se obtuvo a 75 ppm de Cr (VI), pH de 1.5 y 45 °C. Se observaron grupos funcionales superficiales que mediante atracción electrostática y formación de puentes de hidrógeno favorecieron la adsorción de Cr (VI). Esto permite concluir que el bioadsorbente es efectivo para la remoción de Cr (VI) en solución con un proceso simple y de bajo costo. Eichhornia crassipes commonly called water hyacinth, is a plant considered a pest for the different aquatic ecosystems in the world. Furthermore, Cr (VI) is a highly toxic aquatic pollutant. In order to contribute to the solution of these two environmental problems, the adsorption capacity of water hyacinth as a bioadsorbent was studied for the removal of Cr (VI) in a simulated wastewater. The ion concentration in solution, pH y temperature were studied using a symmetric factorial experimental design y applicating an ANOVA analysis. The highest Cr (VI) adsorption capacity (2.5 mgꞏg-1) was obtained at 75 ppm of Cr (VI), pH of 1.5 y 45 ° C. Surface functional groups were observed that, through electrostatic attraction y formation of hydrogen bonds, favored the adsorption of Cr (VI). This allows to conclude that this bioadsorbent is effective for the elimination of Cr (VI) in solution using a simple y low-cost process

Degradação do etileoglicol por meio de um sistema foto-fenton heterogêne

This work describes the ethylene glycol degradation in a photo-Fenton heterogeneous system. Iron-doped TiO2 photocatalysts prepared by different methods (incipient wet impregnation and sol-gel method), as well as the corresponding un-doped material were examined in this process. Different values of initial pH and H2O2 concentration were tested during the experiments. A lower photoactivity was observed for the un-doped materials than for the Fe-doped materials. Optimum results of initial pH and H2O2 concentrations were found to be 3.0 and 1,000 mg/L, respectively.  Furthermore, the highest degradation percentage of ethylene glycol (61 %) was achieved for the material synthetized by sol-gel method. Such catalytic performance is explained on the basis of structural/morphological and electronic characterization results, reached by XRD, UV-vis DRS and XPS techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report related with the ethylene glycol degradation using Iron-doped TiO2 in a photo-Fenton heterogeneous system.Este trabajo describe la degradación de etilenglicol en un sistema foto-Fenton heterogéneo. Se evaluó la actividad fotocatalítica de materiales sin dopar y dopados con Fe, preparados por los métodos sol-gel e impregnación húmedaincipiente. Los ensayos se llevaron a cabo a diferentes valores iniciales de pH y concentración de H2O2. La fotoactividad de los materiales no dopados fue menor que la obtenida con aquellos dopados con Fe. Los valores óptimos para el pH y la concentración de H2O2 fueron 3,0 y 1.000 mg/L, respectivamente. El mayor porcentaje de degradación de etilenglicol (61 %) se logró con el material sintetizado por el método sol-gel. Dicho desempeño fotocatalítico se explicó con base en los resultados de caracterización estructural, morfológica y electrónica obtenidos por XRD, UV-vis DRX y XPS. De acuerdo con nuestro mejor conocimiento, este es el primer reporte relacionado con la degradación de etilenglicol usando TiO2 dopado con Fe en un sistema foto Fenton heterogéneo.Este trabalho descreve a degradação do etilenoglicol em um sistema foto-Fenton heterogêneo. Fotocatalisadores de TiO2 dopados com ferro e preparados por diferentes métodos (impregnação incipiente do ponto úmido e método sol-gel), assim como o material não dopado correspondente foram examinados nesse processo. Diferentes valores iniciais de pH e de concentração de H2O2 foram testados durantes os experimentos. Uma fotoatividade mais baixa foi observada para os materiais não dopados em comparação aos materiais dopados de ferro. Os resultados ideais iniciais de pH e de concentração de H2O2 encontrados foram 3,0 e 1000 mg/L, respectivamente. Além disso, o percentual de degradação mais alto de etilenoglicol (61 %) foi alcançado para o material sintetizado pelo método sol-gel. Tal desempenho catalítico é explicado com base em resultados de caracterização estrutural/morfológica e eletrônica, alcançados por técnicas de XRD, UV-vis DRS e XPS. Dentro do nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relatório com respeito à degradação do etilenoglicol com uso de TiO2 dopado de ferro em um sistema foto-Fenton heterogêneo

Allergen sensitization linked to climate and age, not to intermittent-persistent rhinitis in a cross-sectional cohort study in the (sub)tropics

Background: Allergen exposure leads to allergen sensitization in susceptible individuals and this might influence allergic rhinitis (AR) phenotype expression. We investigated whether sensitization patterns vary in a country with subtropical and tropical regions and if sensitization patterns relate to AR phenotypes or age. Methods: In a national, cross-sectional study AR patients (2-70 y) seen by allergists underwent blinded skin prick testing with a panel of 18 allergens and completed a validated questionnaire on AR phenotypes. Results: 628 patients were recruited. The major sensitizing allergen was house dust mite (HDM) (56%), followed by Bermuda grass (26%), ash (24%), oak (23%) and mesquite (21%) pollen, cat (22%) and cockroach (21%). Patients living in the tropical region were almost exclusively sensitized to HDM (87%). In the central agricultural zones sensitization is primarily to grass and tree pollen. Nationwide, most study subjects had perennial (82.2%), intermittent (56.5%) and moderate-severe (84.7%) AR. Sensitization was not related to the intermittent-persistent AR classification or to AR severity; seasonal AR was associated with tree (p < 0.05) and grass pollen sensitization (p < 0.01). HDM sensitization was more frequent in children (0-11 y) and adolescents (12-17 y) (subtropical region: p < 0.0005; tropical region p < 0.05), but pollen sensitization becomes more important in the adult patients visiting allergists (Adults vs children + adolescents for tree pollen: p < 0.0001, weeds: p < 0.0005). Conclusions: In a country with (sub)tropical climate zones SPT sensitization patterns varied according to climatological zones; they were different from those found in Europe, HDM sensitization far outweighing pollen allergies and Bermuda grass and Ash pollen being the main grass and tree allergens, respectively. Pollen sensitization was related to SAR, but no relation between sensitization and intermittent-persistent AR or AR severity could be detected. Sensitization patterns vary with age (child HDM, adult pollen). Clinical implications of our findings are dual: only a few allergens –some region specific- cover the majority of sensitizations in (sub)tropical climate zones. This is of major importance for allergen manufacturers and immunotherapy planning. Secondly, patient selection in clinical trials should be based on the intermittent-persistent and severity classifications, rather than on the seasonal-perennial AR subtypes, especially when conducted in (sub)tropical countries

Diseño para el desarrollo sustentable y la habitabilidad segura e incluyente

Este libro se divide en dos partes que permiten permear en el campo de la enseñanza del diseño; la primera se enfoca en temáticas que se desprenden del diseño en la educación para la sustentabilidad; en la segunda, se identifican las tendencias del diseño como un modo de verlo y sentirlo: va desde el diseño emocional hacia uno de conservación, reúso y reparación de objetos para reducir el consumo de recursos materiales

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Comparación de técnicas de imputación para tratar respuestas censuradas en un diseño de experimentos bivariado

Abstract Introduction The analysis of designs of experiments with bivariate answers can be a challenge for the researcher, especially when some data of the answers are censored. Chowdhury and Aggarwala (2007) presented a set of techniques to impute values to the censored data, in this work those techniques are compared. A method proposed by Chiao and Hamada (2001) is used to identify the optimal setting of parameters. The case with the data here is the one reported by Harper, Kosbe and Peyton (1987) about the imbalance of a plastic wheel cover component. Method The data of the experiment are not censored originally, these are analyzed in order to have a base of comparison. Criteria are then implemented to censor 16 and 21 percent of the responses, generating two new data sets, to which the imputation techniques are applied: 1) conditional expectation after regression of the responses, 2) order statistics and 3) simulated observations. For each generated data set, the optimal setting of parameters (Xopt) is determined and the sum of squares of the error (SCE) is calculated. Results With the censored data at 16%, the imputation techniques: conditional expectation starting with Y1, order statistics for Y1 and simulated observations for Y2, generate values ​​with which a Xopt is obtained that agrees with the original data. With the censored data at 21%, none of the techniques obtains a Xopt that matches the original data. The sum of squares of the error of the response 1 (SCE1) of simulated observations for Y2 is significantly smaller compared to that of the other methods. The difference between the SCE2 resulting in all the techniques is not considerable. Conclusion After comparing the Xopt and the SCE resulting from the data sets imputed with the mentioned techniques it can be said that the simulated observations method with Y2 works better to deal with censored responses of the bivariate experiment design that is being worked on here.Resumen Introducción El análisis de diseños de experimentos con respuestas bivariadas puede ser un reto para el investigador, más aún cuando algunos datos de las respuestas están censurados. Chowdhury y Aggarwala (2007) presentaron un conjunto de técnicas para imputar valores a los datos censurados; en este trabajo se comparan esas técnicas. Se utiliza un método propuesto por Chiao y Hamada (2001) para identificar la configuración óptima de parámetros. El caso con los datos que aquí se trata es el reportado por Harper, Kosbe y Peyton (1987) sobre el desequilibrio de un componente de cubierta de rueda de plástico. Método Los datos del experimento no se encuentran censurados originalmente, estos se analizan a fin de tener una base de comparación. Después se implementan criterios para censurar el 16 y 21 por ciento de las respuestas con lo que se generan dos nuevos conjuntos de datos, a estos se aplican las técnicas de imputación: 1) esperanza condicional después de hacer regresión con las respuestas, 2) estadísticas de orden y 3) observaciones simuladas. Para cada conjunto de datos generado se determina la configuración óptima de parámetros (Xopt) y se calcula la suma de cuadrados del error (SCE). Resultados Con los datos censurados al 16%, las técnicas de imputación: esperanza condicional iniciando con Y1, estadísticas de orden para Y1 y observaciones simuladas para Y2, generan valores con los que se obtiene una Xopt que concuerda con los datos originales. Con los datos censurados al 21%, ninguna de las técnicas obtiene una Xopt que concuerde con los datos originales. La suma de cuadrados del error de la respuesta 1 (SCE1) de observaciones simuladas para Y2 es significativamente menor comparada con la de los otros métodos. La diferencia entre la SCE2 resultante en todas las técnicas no es considerable. Conclusión Después de comparar la Xopt y los SCE resultantes de los conjuntos de datos imputados con las técnicas mencionadas se puede decir que el método observaciones simuladas para Y2 funciona mejor para tratar las respuestas censuradas del diseño de experimentos bivariado que aquí se trabaja

Enzymatic extract of Trametes maxima CU1 on productive parameters and carcass yield of rabbits

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the enzymatic extract (EnzE) of native fungus Trametes maxima CU1 on the productive parameters and carcass yield of rabbits. A total of 36 rabbits, 18 New Zealand and 18 California breeds were distributed randomly into two treatments; control (without EnzE supplementation) and EnzE2.5 (with 2.5% of enzymatic extract added to drinking water). All rabbits were fed with a commercial diet ad libitum. At 49, 71, and 91 d, data for body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed efficiency (FE), and average daily gain (ADG) were collected. Moreover, dressing out percentage (DoP) and carcass fat yield (%CFY) were estimated. BW and ADFI were not different between treatments (P> 0.05). However rabbits supplemented with EnzE2.5 showed higher values compared to the control. Rabbits EnzE2.5 and New Zealand males showed the best productive efficiency at 49 d (PThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author