Size-Controlled Water-Soluble Ag Nanoparticles

Ag nanoparticles of two different sizes (1 and 4 nm) were prepared within an apoferritin cavity by using an Ag+-loaded apoferritin as a nanoconfined environment for their construction. The initial amount of Ag' ions injected in the apoferritin cavity dictates the size of the final Ag particles. The protein shell prevents bulk aggregation of the metal particles, which renders them water soluble and extremely stable

One pot synthesis of cyclohexanone oxime from nitrobenzene using a bifunctional catalyst

Cyclohexanone oxime is formed from nitrobenzene with 97% yield in a one-pot reaction catalysed by palladium and gold nanoparticles on carbon. The reaction is carried out under hydrogen at 60 8C and the overall transformation involves a multi-step catalysed mechanism from which intermediates and catalytically active species have been identified.Rubio Marqués, P.; Hernández Garrido, JC.; Leyva Perez, A.; Corma Canós, A. (2014). One pot synthesis of cyclohexanone oxime from nitrobenzene using a bifunctional catalyst. Chemical Communications. 50(14):1645-1647. doi:10.1039/c3cc47693fS164516475014Ichihashi, H., & Sato, H. (2001). The development of new heterogeneous catalytic processes for the production of ε-caprolactam. Applied Catalysis A: General, 221(1-2), 359-366. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00887-0Calderon-Moreno, J. M., Pol, V. G., & Popa, M. (2011). Single-Step Synthesis of Ruthenium Catalytic Nanocrystallites in a Stable Carbon Support. 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M., Coville, N. J., Naresh, D., Chary, K. V. R., & Vishwanathan, V. (2007). Nanotubular titanate supported palladium catalysts: The influence of structure and morphology on phenol hydrogenation activity. Applied Catalysis A: General, 324, 52-61. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2007.03.004Rode, C. V., Joshi, U. D., Sato, O., & Shirai, M. (2003). Catalytic ring hydrogenation of phenol under supercritical carbon dioxide. Chemical Communications, (15), 1960. doi:10.1039/b304344dSuzuki, K., Watanabe, T., & Murahashi, S.-I. (2008). Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines to Oximes Catalyzed by DPPH and WO3/Al2O3. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 47(11), 2079-2081. doi:10.1002/anie.200705002Thomas, J. M., & Raja, R. (2005). Design of a «green» one-step catalytic production of  -caprolactam (precursor of nylon-6). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(39), 13732-13736. doi:10.1073/pnas.0506907102Sato, K. (1998). A «Green» Route to Adipic Acid: Direct Oxidation of Cyclohexenes with 30 Percent Hydrogen Peroxide. Science, 281(5383), 1646-1647. doi:10.1126/science.281.5383.1646Climent, M. J., Corma, A., & Iborra, S. (2011). Heterogeneous Catalysts for the One-Pot Synthesis of Chemicals and Fine Chemicals. Chemical Reviews, 111(2), 1072-1133. doi:10.1021/cr1002084Nicolaou, K. C., Edmonds, D. J., & Bulger, P. G. (2006). Cascade Reactions in Total Synthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45(43), 7134-7186. doi:10.1002/anie.200601872(s. f.). doi:10.1021/cr950023Shin, J. Y., Jung, D. J., & Lee, S. (2013). A Multifunction Pd/Sc(OTf)3/Ionic Liquid Catalyst System for the Tandem One-Pot Conversion of Phenol to ε-Caprolactam. ACS Catalysis, 3(4), 525-528. doi:10.1021/cs400009wGrirrane, A., Corma, A., & Garcia, H. (2008). Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aromatic Azo Compounds from Anilines and Nitroaromatics. Science, 322(5908), 1661-1664. doi:10.1126/science.1166401Corma, A., Concepción, P., & Serna, P. (2007). A Different Reaction Pathway for the Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds on Gold Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(38), 7266-7269. doi:10.1002/anie.200700823Corma, A. (2006). Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds with Supported Gold Catalysts. Science, 313(5785), 332-334. doi:10.1126/science.1128383Guillena, G., Ramón, D. J., & Yus, M. (2009). Hydrogen Autotransfer in theN-Alkylation of Amines and Related Compounds using Alcohols and Amines as Electrophiles. Chemical Reviews, 110(3), 1611-1641. doi:10.1021/cr9002159Hollmann, D., Bähn, S., Tillack, A., & Beller, M. (2008). N-Dealkylation of aliphatic amines and selective synthesis of monoalkylated aryl amines. Chemical Communications, (27), 3199. doi:10.1039/b803114bHollmann, D., Bähn, S., Tillack, A., & Beller, M. (2007). A General Ruthenium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aromatic Amines. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(43), 8291-8294. doi:10.1002/anie.200703119Barluenga, J., Jiménez-Aquino, A., Aznar, F., & Valdés, C. (2009). Modular Synthesis of Indoles from Imines ando-Dihaloarenes oro-Chlorosulfonates by a Pd-Catalyzed Cascade Process. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(11), 4031-4041. doi:10.1021/ja808652aZhang, X., & Corma, A. (2008). Supported Gold(III) Catalysts for Highly Efficient Three-Component Coupling Reactions. Angewandte Chemie, 120(23), 4430-4433. doi:10.1002/ange.200800098Shimizu, K., Yamamoto, T., Tai, Y., & Satsuma, A. (2011). Selective hydrogenation of nitrocyclohexane to cyclohexanone oxime by alumina-supported gold cluster catalysts. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 345(1-2), 54-59. doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2011.05.018Jeyabharathi, C., Senthil Kumar, S., Kiruthika, G. V. M., & Phani, K. L. N. (2010). 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Observational Δν\Delta\nu-ρˉ\bar\rho relation for δ\delta Sct stars using eclipsing binaries and space photometry

Delta Scuti ($\delta$ Sct) stars are intermediate-mass pulsators, whose intrinsic oscillations have been studied for decades. However, modelling their pulsations remains a real theoretical challenge, thereby even hampering the precise determination of global stellar parameters. In this work, we used space photometry observations of eclipsing binaries with a $\delta$ Sct component to obtain reliable physical parameters and oscillation frequencies. Using that information, we derived an observational scaling relation between the stellar mean density and a frequency pattern in the oscillation spectrum. This pattern is analogous to the solar-like large separation but in the low order regime. We also show that this relation is independent of the rotation rate. These findings open the possibility of accurately characterizing this type of pulsator and validate the frequency pattern as a new observable for $\delta$ Sct stars.Comment: 11 pages, including 2 pages of appendix, 2 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

Hydrodinamic connectivity and dispersal patterns in the Strait of Gibraltar: implications for a transboundary species

The blackspot seabream is a highly appreciated species that has an important target of the Spanish and Moroccan fisheries in the transcontinental waters of the Strait of Gibraltar area (Gil, 2006). It is also one of the most exploited resources of the region, which has led to a notable drop of catches over the years, arriving to a vulnerable status nowadays. Consequently, a reduction of fishing mortality towards sustainability levels was recommended (GFCM, 2021). Improving our knowledge on the interaction of this species with its physical environment is a key issue in the efforts towards rebuilding the fishery target population until its maximum sustainable yield (Cowen et al., 2006). To gain insight into this interaction, a high-resolution circulation model coupled to a lagrangian tracking module has been employed, using eggs and larvae (early-life-stages, ELS) as purely passive particles advected by simulated currents. Several spawning scenarios consisting of different temporal (tidal phase and strength) and spatial (depths and sites) initial conditions have been analyzed to identify the most likely pathways of ELS dispersion. Eastward transport by the Atlantic Jet exiting the Strait of Gibraltar is the most influencing process in that dispersion. Regarding temporal fluctuations, fortnightly tidal modulation appears to be the prevailing factor determining the horizontal paths of ELS, being the spring tide responsible of the greatest scattering of eggs and larvae. Interestingly, the spatial distribution numerically simulated is consistent with results of larvae distribution obtained from samples collected during recent scientific surveys. The results presented in this study can be certainly different attending to the species strategy. The role of other important larval traits not included in this study requires also further research that may help decision-makers to establish biological rest periods that lead to maximize connectivity and sustainability

Study of rotational splittings in δ Scuti stars using pattern finding techniques

ARB, JPG, and RG acknowledge funding support from Spanish public funds for research from project ESP2017-87676-C5-5-R from the `Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion', from project PID2019-107061GB-C63 from the `Programas Estatales de Generacion de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Cientifico y Tecnologico del Sistema de I+D+i y de I+D + i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad', and from the State Agency for Research through the `Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), all from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. ARB also acknowledges funding support from project PRE2018084322 from the `Programa Estatal de Promocion del Talento y su Empleabilidad del Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion 2013-2016' of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. AGHacknowledges funding support from Spanish public funds for research under projects ESP2017-87676-2-2 the SpanishMinistry of Science and Education, and from `European Regional Development Fund/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia y Conocimiento' under project E-FQM-041-UGR18 by Universidad de Granada. JCS acknowledges funding support from Spanish public funds for research under projects PID2019-107061GB-C63 and ESP201787676-2-2, and from project RYC-2012-09913 under the `Ramon y Cajal' program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education.Detecting and understanding rotation in stellar interiors is nowadays one of the unsolved problems in stellar physics. Asteroseismology has been able to provide insights on rotation for the Sun, solar-like stars, and compact objects like white dwarfs. However, this is still very difficult for intermediate-mass stars. These stars are moderate-to-rapid rotators. Rotation splits and shifts the oscillation modes, which makes the oscillation spectrum more complex and harder to interpret. Here we study the oscillation patterns of a sample of benchmark delta Sct stars belonging to eclipsing binary systems with the objective of finding the frequency spacing related to the rotational splitting (delta r). For this task, we combine three techniques: the Fourier transform, the autocorrelation function, and the histogram of frequency differences. The last two showed a similar behaviour. For most of the stars, it was necessary to determine the large separation (Delta nu) prior to spot delta r. This is the first time we may clearly state that one of the periodicities present in the p modes oscillation spectra of delta Sct stars corresponds to the rotational splitting. This is true independent of the stellar rotation rate. These promising results pave the way to finding a robust methodology to determine rotational splittings from the oscillation spectra of delta Sct stars and, thus, understanding the rotational profile of intermediate-mass pulsating stars.Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion ESP2017-87676-C5-5-RProgramas Estatales de Generacion de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Cientifico y Tecnologico del Sistema de I+D+i y de I+D + i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad PID2019-107061GB-C63State Agency for Research through the `Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' SEV-2017-0709Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and UniversitiesPrograma Estatal de Promocion del Talento y su Empleabilidad del Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion 2013-2016' of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities PRE2018084322Spanish Government ESP2017-87676-2-2European Regional Development Fund/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia y Conocimientoby Universidad de Granada E-FQM-041-UGR18Spanish public funds for research PID2019-107061GB-C63 ESP201787676-2-2Spanish Government RYC-2012-0991

Leisure behavior of young immigrants in Andalusia (Spain): The process of acculturation through physical activities and sport

The purpose of this paper is to understand the role that physical activity and sport plays during leisure time (LTPAS) in the social integration of young immigrants (Africans, Latin-Americans, and Eastern Europeans) in Andalusia, Spain. Method: With this aim, Physical Activity and Sport Acculturation Index (PASAI) data were collected through a survey of the immigrant population aged 15–20. The final sample consists of 440 surveys. The average age was 17.6 (SD = 2.9). 48.4% of them were men, 72% were single, and 72.8% had secondary-level studies. In terms of generation, the second-generation population represented 25.8% of the total, the 1.5 generation 43.5%, and the first generation 30.7%. The questionnaire was voluntarily answered by immigrant students in classrooms and was completed in the second stage via random surveys of residential areas to cover the quota of age and origin. A regression analysis was applied in two phases, generating two models. The first included independent socio-demographic variables; the second included structural variables. Results: First, the results show that immigrants have a low participation rate in physical activity and sport during their leisure time. Second, generation and origin are the main variables that predict variation in physical and sport participation

Toward a New Paradigm in the Analysis of Asteroseismic Lightcurves

This paper aims at being a provocative guide to the future of asteroseismology from the perspective of the analysis of time series, where the fundamentals of harmonic analysis are subjected to stress tests. In this context, we give an annotated summary of our research over the last decades on harmonic analysis of A-F stars. We discuss and explore the consequences of our findings, which may extend to any kind of pulsators. As well, we analyse the impact of this reconsideration on future asteroseismic studies, which would entail a paradigm shift. This includes a discussion on the presence of fractal behavior in δ Sct stars, and how this can be used to develop a stopping criterion of the pre-whitening process, as an alternative to SNR (or significance) criterion. Drilling a scientific paradigm has its natural resilience, hence the path described here is being arduous, although fruitful at the same time.SF, JP-G, JR, ML-M, and RG acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and Spanish public funds for research under projects ESP2015-65712- C5-5-R. JS and AG acknowledge funding support from Spanish public funds for research under projects ESP2017-87676-C5-2- R. JS also acknowledges funding support from project RYC2012-09913 under the Ramón y Cajal program of the Spanish MINECO. AG acknowledges support from Universidad de Granada under project E-FQM-041-UGR18 from the Programa Operativo FEDER 2014–2020 programme by Junta de Andalucía regional Government