Il significato urbanistico de la legislacione del suolo: verso un nuovo modello urbano ed una nuova visione della planificazione

Este articulo realiza un recorrido por la evolución de la legislación urbanística española, fundamentalmente en lo relacionado con el planeamiento general, haciendo referencia a la evolución de la conurbación madrileña como caso paradigmático de la evolución del modelo urbano español. El modelo madrileño es fruto de un urbanismo que en una primera fase se concibió al servicio del despliegue del sistema industrial, para acabar en su fase más reciente al servicio de la economía monetaria. En ambos casos el modelo ha sido el de un desarrollo urbano ilimitado e indefinido, incompatible con la conservación del capital natural, y ha se generado gracias a un aparato disciplinar, legislativo e instrumental, al servicio de las demandas del paradigma de este crecimiento, mientras que los problemas sociales y ambientales que produce sólo son considerados como “externalidales” y únicamente son tenidos en cuenta cuando ponen en peligro la pervivencia del propio modelo. Es importante reiterar la diferencia existente el urbanismo entendido como práctica social o disciplina científica del urbanismo institucional y la legislación que lo sustenta, que en el caso español plantea una serie de peculiaridades propias que se han ido acomodando a la coyuntura política y económica del país y fundamentalmente a las necesidades del modelo de desarrollo y donde las corrientes de desregularización económica han ido adquiriendo un mayor protagonismo

La variedad urbana: la necesidad de una aproximación desde la complejidad en los nuevos modelos de intervención en la ciudad y el territorio

La idea principal de este artículo es realizar una reflexión sobre el concepto de variedad urbana entendida como una cualidad intrínseca de la ciudad, relacionada directamente con la calidad de vida e imprescindible para plantear modelos alternativos de intervención en la ciudad y el territorio así como procesos de regeneración y rehabilitación integral. Se trata de una condición necesaria aunque no suficiente de la calidad de vida urbana. El proceso de desarrollo económico ha venido ejerciendo una influencia perversa en la ciudad y en el planeamiento de las nuevas áreas urbanas, al provocar la división de la ciudad en piezas homogéneas, separadas social, funcional y espacialmente; y, promover, al mismo tiempo, la expansión urbana y la degradación de las áreas centrales de la ciudad, incluidas las grandes periferias surgidas en el último tercio del siglo XX. La ausencia de variedad se puede considerar un síntoma de la vulnerabilidad urbana. Por esta razón, es necesario transcender del concepto limitado y reducido de variedad urbana, al que habitualmente se recurre, más relacionado con la idea de mezcla de actividades y usos, o bien, con el sumatorio de diversidades parciales (similar al utilizado en Ecología) hacia un enfoque más complejo y global

The role of rehabilitation of building in the urban integration, social cohesion and environmental responsibility

In the framework ofthe National Research Plan2008-2011, our research poses estrategy for the design and evaluation of plans and programmes of urban integrated regeneration. The objective is to develop a study on the role of rehabilitation of buildings in concepts like urban integration, social cohesion and environmental responsibility. The research proposes a methodological tool for evaluating urban regeneration processes from a holistic perspective that can serve as a guide for governments and technical teams to address intervention in consolidated urban areas with physical and socio-economic problems. The development of the tool has inevitably led to delve into different areas where you can intervene but has not lost sight of the complex interplay of factors involved in the process.It is an open source tool to visualize Urban Integrated Rehabilitation processes

Uptake and intracellular activity of an optically active ofloxacin isomer in human neutrophils and tissue culture cells

The penetration of an optically active ofloxacin isomer [(-)-ofloxacin] into human neutrophils and different tissue culture cells (HEp-2, McCoy, MDCK, and Vero) was studied and compared with that of ofloxacin by a fluorometric assay. The cellular-to-extracellular-concentration ratios (C/E) of (-)-ofloxacin were always higher than 6, significantly greater than those of ofloxacin at extracellular concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/liter. The penetration of (-)-ofloxacin and ofloxacin was doubled when neutrophils were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate but not affected after ingestion of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus. The C/E ratios of (-)-ofloxacin and ofloxacin for different tissue culture epithelial cells and fibroblasts were lower than those of neutrophils but still higher than 2. Both compounds produced a significant reduction in viable intraphagocytic S. aureus during 3 h of exposure to antimicrobial agents. We conclude that (-)-ofloxacin appears to reach higher intracellular concentrations than ofloxacin, remaining active inside the neutrophils

Relación Entre La Intención De La Elección De La Carrera De Ingeniería Civil Y La Iniciativa Emprendedora De Los Estudiantes De Una Institución De Educación Superior Tecnológica En Hidalgo, México

In the last years, entrepreneurship has generated a strong interest like potential generator of opportunities and professional growth and economics being the Institutions of Higher Education (IES), the link to transmit in the students the competences and skills required that help to boost the enterprising activity. The objective of this paper is to analyze the intention of the selection of a Civil Engineering degree from students of an Institution of Higher Technological Education in Hidalgo, Mexico, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, with the goal to identify its relationship with the Degree of Entrepreneurship. The GUESSS instrument adaptation was applied, a sample of n=198 students. The type of research in quantitative approach, descriptive and relational scope. The results showed that the intention to choose the career to undertake at the end of their studies is 67.7%, increasing to 81.8% five years after concluding their studies. Regarding the scales that determine the Entrepreneurship Initiative, the one that has a greater perception of the media on the part of the students is Entrepreneurial Intent and the one of low Score is Control of Perceived Behavior. Finally, Pearson's Chi-square value indicates a result of 0.021 which defines that exist a dependency relationship between the students' career choice at the end of their studies and the Degree of Entrepreneurship

Intracellular penetration and activity of BAY Y 3118 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

The penetration of a new quinolone (BAY Y 3118) into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was evaluated by a fluorometric assay. The cellular concentration-to-extracellular concentration (C/E) ratio was higher than 6.3 at extracellular concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 mg/liter. The uptake of BAY Y 3118 was rapid, reversible and nonsaturable. The intracellular penetration of BAY Y 3118 was significantly affected by environmental temperature (C/E ratio at 4°C, 5.4 ± 0.5; control, 7.5 ± 0.9; P < 0.05) and cell viability (C/E ratio in dead PMNs, 5.5 ± 0.8; control, 7.5 ± 0.9; P < 0.05), but it was not affected by metabolic inhibitors. The ingestion of opsonized zymosan or opsonized Staphylococcus aureus significantly decreased the levels of PMN-associated BAY Y 3118. Cell stimulation by a membrane activator, however, significantly increased the intracellular concentration of this quinolone. At therapeutic extracellular concentrations (0.5, 2, and 5 mg/liter), BAY Y 3118 showed intracellular activity greater than that of ciprofloxacin against S. aureus in human PMNs. It was concluded that BAY Y 3118 reaches high intracellular concentrations within human PMNs and remains active intracellularly

Electrochemical sensors modified with combinations of sulfur containing phthalocyanines and capped gold nanoparticles: A study of the influence of the nature of the interaction between sensing materials

Producción CientíficaVoltametric sensors formed by the combination of a sulfur-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcRS) and gold nanoparticles capped with tetraoctylammonium bromide (AuNPtOcBr) have been developed. The influence of the nature of the interaction between both components in the response towards catechol has been evaluated. Electrodes modified with a mixture of nanoparticles and phthalocyanine (AuNPtOcBr/ZnPcRS) show an increase in the intensity of the peak associated with the reduction of catechol. Electrodes modified with a covalent adduct-both component are linked through a thioether bond-(AuNPtOcBr-S-ZnPcR), show an increase in the intensity of the oxidation peak. Voltammograms registered at increasing scan rates show that charge transfer coefficients are different in both types of electrodes confirming that the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction is influenced by the nature of the interaction between both electrocatalytic materials. The limits of detection attained are 0.9 × 10−6 mol∙L−1 for the electrode modified with the mixture AuNPtOcBr/ZnPcRS and 1.3 × 10−7 mol∙L−1 for the electrode modified with the covalent adduct AuNPtOcBr-S-ZnPcR. These results indicate that the establishment of covalent bonds between nanoparticles and phthalocyanines can be a good strategy to obtain sensors with enhanced performance, improving the charge transfer rate and the detection limits of voltammetric sensors.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (projects RTI2018-097990-B-I00 / CTQ2017-87102-R)Junta de Castilla y Leon - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project VA275P18