Estudio sobre la gestión constructiva del conflicto en el alumnado de la Facultad de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

A reality of professional social work practice is habitually living with «conflict». Social workers provide professional support and guidance to help individuals, families and groups with multidimensional and complex realities in which conflict acts as a major element of relating to one’s environment. Disagreement is often present in human society, and in this regard people working in the field unquestionably become protagonists. They will face various difficult situations that often develop into confrontations and clashes, meaning professionals must obtain suitable training that will allow them to constructively and peacefully manage such conflict. This article shows the results of a recent study on perception, copying styles and training in constructive conflict management for students of the Faculty of Social Work of Universidad Complutense, Madrid.Existe una realidad en la práctica profesional del Trabajo Social que es la convivencia habitual con el «conflicto». Los trabajadores y las trabajadoras sociales constituyen un soporte profesional de ayuda y acompañamiento a las personas, familias y grupos situadas en realidades multidimensionales y complejas en las que el conflicto se perfila como el elemento principal de las relaciones con su entorno. En la convivencia humana el desacuerdo está presente en multitud de ocasiones, y en este sentido es incuestionable el protagonismo que adquieren las personas con las que se trabaja, en las diversas situaciones de dificultad en las que se encuentran, que se convierte a menudo en enfrentamientos y malestares que exigen que los profesionales adquieran una formación adecuada que les facilite la gestión constructiva y pacífica de dichos conflictos. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un estudio reciente sobre percepción, estilos de enfrentamiento y formación en gestión constructiva de conflictos del alumnado de la Facultad de Trabajo Social de UCM

Estudio DISCREPA: tratamiento de la enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada y utilización de terapias de segunda línea en Cataluña.

Introducción. El tratamiento de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es complejo y la instauración de terapias de segunda línea en la EP avanzada sigue siendo controvertida. Objetivo. Analizar la asistencia de pacientes con EP en Cataluña, con especial atención a la utilización de las terapias de segunda línea en la EP avanzada. Sujetos y métodos. Encuesta en línea autoadministrada a través de la Societat Catalana de Neurologia a neurólogos de Cataluña que atendían a pacientes con EP. Resultados. Participaron 72 neurólogos que visitaban una media mensual de 38 pacientes con EP (el 37,3% con complicaciones motoras). El 86% preguntaba rutinariamente por complicaciones motoras. Los principales motivos para indicar terapias de segunda línea fueron la discapacidad en off (83,1%), el impacto de las discinesias (76,9%), el impacto del tiempo en off (75,4%) y el tiempo en off (73,8%). El 70% de los neurólogos declaró limitaciones para instaurar terapias de segunda línea: escasez de recursos en su hospital, falta de tiempo para visitar al paciente o para realizar tareas administrativas y falta de soporte de enfermería (33,3%). No se utilizan terapias de segunda línea en el 72% de los pacientes que podrían ser potencialmente candidatos, sobre todo por rechazo del paciente (37,9%). Conclusiones. La mayoría de los neurólogos en Cataluña que visitan pacientes con EP pregunta rutinariamente por complicaciones motoras sin utilizar herramientas específicas. Aunque los neurólogos conocen bien las indicaciones de instauración de terapias de segunda línea, la negativa del paciente, la falta de tiempo y la falta de protocolos asistenciales definidos para derivar a pacientes pueden contribuir a una menor utilización de terapias de segunda línea en la EP avanzada. Palabras clave. Enfermedad de Parkinson. Estimulación cerebral profunda. Fluctuaciones motoras. Infusión de apomorfina. Infusión intraduodenal de levodopa-carbidopa. Tratamiento invasivo

Adaptación de la Escala Clima Psicosocial en el Trabajo (ECPT) en población mexicana

Introduction: the present work presents the validation of the factorial structure of the scale of psychosocial climate at work (ECPT) in the Mexican population, this collects individual evaluations that people make about the content of work, interpersonal relationships and the well-managed environment and organized. Method: N=788 actively workers participated, 68% women and 32% men, minimum age 18, maximum 73, mean 32, and standard deviation dt=10.29 years. Results: The exploratory and confirmatory analyzes show that the Mexican version of the ECPT fits perfectly with 15 items, the three subscales showed global internal consistency and superior reliability in relation to the original scale, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test suggested that the distribution of the scores of the global scale does not differ significantly from a normal distribution. Conclusion: the Mexican version of the ECPT presents good reliability and validity to assess work content, personal relationships and role management (disorganization) within work environments where psychological and/or emotional demands that could exhaust mental resources and physical conditions of workers, contribute to exhaustion and chronic health.Introducción: el presente trabajo presenta la validación de la estructura factorial de la escala de clima psicosocial en el trabajo (ECPT) en población mexicana, ésta recoge valoraciones individuales que hacen las personas sobre el contenido del trabajo, relaciones interpersonales y del entorno bien dirigido y organizado. Método: participaron N=788 personas laboralmente activas, 68% mujeres y 32% hombres, edad mínima 18, máxima 73, media de 32, y desviación típica dt=10.29 años. Resultados: Los análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio demuestran que la ECPT versión mexicana se ajusta perfectamente con 15 ítems, las tres subescalas mostraron consistencia interna global y fiabilidad superior en relación con la escala original, la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov sugirió que la distribución de las puntuaciones de la escala global no difiere de forma significativa de una distribución normal. Conclusión: la versión mexicana de la ECPT presenta buena fiabilidad y validez para evaluar el contenido del trabajo, las relaciones personales y la dirección de rol (desorganización) dentro de los entornos laborales donde las demandas psicológicas y/o emocionales que pudieran agotar los recursos mentales y físicos de los trabajadores, contribuyen al agotamiento y la salud crónica

Estimating Stand and Fire-Related Surface and Canopy Fuel Variables in Pine Stands Using Low-Density Airborne and Single-Scan Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data

In this study, we used data from a thinning trial conducted on 34 different sites and 102 sample plots established in pure and even-aged Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster stands, to test the potential use of low-density airborne laser scanning (ALS) metrics and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) metrics to provide accurate estimates of variables related to surface and canopy fires. An exhaustive field inventory was carried out in each plot to estimate the main stand variables and the main variables related to fire hazard: surface fuel loads by layers, fuel strata gap, surface fuel height, stand mean height, canopy base height, canopy fuel load and canopy bulk density. In addition, the point clouds from low-density ALS and single-scan TLS of each sample plot were used to calculate metrics related to the vertical and horizontal distribution of forest fuels. The comparative performance of the following three non-parametric machine learning techniques used to estimate the main stand- and fire-related variables from those metrics was evaluated: (i) multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), (ii) support vector machine (SVM), and (iii) random forest (RF). The selection of the best modeling approach was based on a comparison of the root mean square error (RMSE), obtained by optimizing the parameters of each technique and performing cross-validation. Overall, the best results were obtained with the MARS techniques for data from both sensors. The TLS data provided the best results for variables associated with the internal characteristics of canopy structure and understory fuel but were less reliable for estimating variables associated with the upper canopy, due to occlusion by mid-canopy foliage. The combination of ALS and TLS metrics improved the accuracy of estimates for all variables analyzed, except the height and the biomass of the understory shrubs. The variability demonstrated by the combined use of both types of metrics ranged from 43.11% for the biomass of duff litter layers to 94.25% for dominant height. The results suggest that the combination of machine learning techniques and metrics derived from low-density ALS data, drawn from a single-scan TLS or a combination of both metrics, may represent a promising alternative to traditional field inventories for obtaining valuable information about surface and canopy fuel variables at large scalesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estimating Stand and Fire-Related Surface and Canopy Fuel Variables in Pine Stands Using Low-Density Airborne and Single-Scan Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data

[EN] In this study, we used data from a thinning trial conducted on 34 different sites and 102 sample plots established in pure and even-aged Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster stands, to test the potential use of low-density airborne laser scanning (ALS) metrics and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) metrics to provide accurate estimates of variables related to surface and canopy fires. An exhaustive field inventory was carried out in each plot to estimate the main stand variables and the main variables related to fire hazard: surface fuel loads by layers, fuel strata gap, surface fuel height, stand mean height, canopy base height, canopy fuel load and canopy bulk density. In addition, the point clouds from low-density ALS and single-scan TLS of each sample plot were used to calculate metrics related to the vertical and horizontal distribution of forest fuels. The comparative performance of the following three non-parametric machine learning techniques used to estimate the main stand-and fire-related variables from those metrics was evaluated: (i) multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), (ii) support vector machine (SVM), and (iii) random forest (RF). The selection of the best modeling approach was based on a comparison of the root mean square error (RMSE), obtained by optimizing the parameters of each technique and performing crossvalidation. Overall, the best results were obtained with the MARS techniques for data from both sensors. The TLS data provided the best results for variables associated with the internal characteristics of canopy structure and understory fuel but were less reliable for estimating variables associated with the upper canopy, due to occlusion by mid-canopy foliage. The combination of ALS and TLS metrics improved the accuracy of estimates for all variables analyzed, except the height and the biomass of the understory shrubs. The variability demonstrated by the combined use of both types of metrics ranged from 43.11% for the biomass of duff litter layers to 94.25% for dominant height. The results suggest that the combination of machine learning techniques and metrics derived from low-density ALS data, drawn from a single-scan TLS or a combination of both metrics, may represent a promising alternative to traditional field inventories for obtaining valuable information about surface and canopy fuel variables at large scalesSIThis research was funded by the projects GEPRIF (RTA2014-00011-C06-04) and VIS4FIRE (RTA2017-00042-C05-05) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness and a pre-doctoral grant of the first author funded by the “Consejería de Educación, Universidad y Formación Profesional” and the “Consejería de Economía, Empleo e Industria” of the Galician Government and the EU operational program “FSE Galicia 2014–2020”

Intracranial atherosclerotic plaque enhancement and long-term risk of future strokes: A prospective, longitudinal study

Background and Purpose The prognostic significance of postcontrast enhancement of intracranial atheromatous plaque is uncertain. Prospective, long-term follow-up studies in Caucasians, using a multicenter design, are lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether this radiological sign predicts long-term new stroke in symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) patients. Methods This was a prospective, observational, longitudinal, multicenter study. We included a symptomatic and an asymptomatic cohort of ICAD patients that underwent 3T MRI including high-resolution sequences focused on the atheromatous plaque. We evaluated grade of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and gadolinium enhancement ratio (postcontrast plaque signal/postcontrast corpus callosum signal). The occurrence of new events was evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and annually thereafter. The association between plaque characteristics and new stroke was studied using Cox multiple regression survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Forty-eight symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic patients were included. During 56.3 ± 16.9 months, 11 patients (18%) suffered a new event (seven ischemic, two hemorrhagic, and two transient ischemic attacks). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified an enhancement ratio of >1.77 to predict a new event. In a multivariable Cox regression, postcontrast enhancement ratio >1.77 (hazard ratio [HR]= 3.632; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.082-12.101) and cerebral microbleeds (HR = 5.244; 95% CI, 1.476-18.629) were independent predictors of future strokes. Patients with a plaque enhancement ratio >1.77 had a lower survival free of events (p < .05). Conclusions High intracranial postcontrast enhancement is a long-term predictor of new stroke in ICAD patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether postcontrast enhancement reflects inflammatory activity of intracranial atheromatous plaque.This study has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, via FIS project PI13/02544, PI16/01396, and PI19/01398 and through the INVICTUS PLUS research network RD16/0019. Beatriz Gómez-Vicente received a research contract from the Junta de Castilla y León and European Social Fund, Spain. María Hernandez-Perez was funded by The Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (JR17/00006)

Diabetic retinopathy as an independent predictor of subclinical cardiovascular disease: baseline results of the PRECISED study

Type 2 diabetes; Diabetic retinopathy; Subclinical cardiovascular diseaseDiabetis tipus 2; Retinopatia diabètica; Malalties cardiovasculars subclíniquesDiabetes tipo 2; Retinopatía diabética; Enfermedades cardiovasculares subclínicasObjective Detection of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) has significant impact on the management of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether the assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is useful for identifying patients at a higher risk of having silent CVD. Research design and methods Prospective case–control study comprising 200 type 2 diabetic subjects without history of clinical CVD and 60 age-matched non-diabetic subjects. The presence of subclinical CVD was examined using two parameters: (1) calcium coronary score (CACs); (2) composite of CACs >400 UA, carotid plaque ≥3 mm, carotid intima–media thickness ratio >1, or the presence of ECG changes suggestive of previous asymptomatic myocardial infarction. In addition, coronary angio-CT was performed. DR was assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and retinography. Results Type 2 diabetic subjects presented higher CACs than non-diabetic control subjects (p400 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.76). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between the degree of DR and CACs <10 AU. The variables independently associated with the composite measurement of subclinical CVD were age, diabetes duration, the glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria, and the presence of DR (AUROC 0.71). In addition, a relationship (p<0.01) was observed between the presence and degree of DR and coronary stenosis. Conclusions The presence and degree of DR is independently associated with subclinical CVD in type 2 diabetic patients. Our results lead us to propose a rationalized screening for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes based on prioritizing patients with DR, particularly those with moderate–severe degree.This work was supported by an Integrative Excellence Project by the Spanish Institute of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant PIE 2013/27, CIBER CV, CIBERDEM, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER). The Neurovascular Research Laboratory is part of the Spanish Stroke Research Network INVICTUS+ (RD16/0019/0021)

Big data en educación: tipologías de los estudiantes a partir del estudio de las interacciones dentro del triángulo pedagógico

Fac. de Comercio y TurismoFALSEsubmitte

The Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances: DEFID2

[EN] Insect and disease outbreaks in forests are biotic disturbances that can profoundly alter ecosystem dynamics. In many parts of the world, these disturbance regimes are intensifying as the climate changes and shifts the distribution of species and biomes. As a result, key forest ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, regulation of water flows, wood production, protection of soils, and the conservation of bio-diversity, could be increasingly compromised. Despite the relevance of these detri-mental effects, there are currently no spatially detailed databases that record insect and disease disturbances on forests at the pan-European scale. Here, we present the new Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances (DEFID2). It comprises over 650,000 harmonized georeferenced records, mapped as polygons or points, of insects and disease disturbances that occurred between 1963 and 2021 in European forests. The records currently span eight different countries and were acquired through diverse methods (e.g., ground surveys, remote sensing techniques). The records in DEFID2 are described by a set of qualitative attributes, including se-verity and patterns of damage symptoms, agents, host tree species, climate-driven trigger factors, silvicultural practices, and eventual sanitary interventions. They are further complemented with a satellite- based quantitative characterization of the affected forest areas based on Landsat Normalized Burn Ratio time series, and dam-age metrics derived from them using the LandTrendr spectral–temporal segmentation algorithm (including onset, duration, magnitude, and rate of the disturbance), and pos-sible interactions with windthrow and wildfire events. The DEFID2 database is a novel resource for many large-scale applications dealing with biotic disturbances. It offers a unique contribution to design networks of experiments, improve our understanding of ecological processes underlying biotic forest disturbances, monitor their dynamics, and enhance their representation in land-climate models. Further data sharing is en-couraged to extend and improve the DEFID2 database continuously. The database is freely available at https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc- opend ata/FOREST/DISTURBANCES/DEFID2/SIEC Joint Research Centre; European Commission, Grant/Award Number: 101059498; European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 101039567; Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization of Romania; LifeWatch— POC project, Grant/Award Number: 327/390003/06-11-202

Aula Maker en emprendimiento social. Inclusión sociolaboral de las personas con discapacidad desde el trabajo social

Se presenta la memoria del proyecto número 12, denominado Aula Maker en emprendimiento social. Inclusión sociolaboral de las personas con discapacidad desde el trabajo social, realizado durante el curso 2020/2021, de la Convocatoria de Proyectos de Innovación y Mejora de la Calidad Docente de la UCM