Caracterización de sangre por espectroscopía de impedancia eléctrica. Medición de la difusividad térmica del suero

Tesis ( Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Materiales) U.A.N.L.UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Essays on the impact evaluation of education policies in Mexico

This thesis gathers research on three impact evaluations of interventions at the school and student level in Mexico. The first chapter evaluates the effects of a School Breakfast Program (SBP) on children’s outcomes such as cognitive skills, illness, height and weight and grade repetition in the period 2002 to 2005. Quasi-experimental estimations provide evidence of positive effects on children’s weight; however, such gains push children over their ’ideal’ standardized average causing them overweight. This effect is significantly higher in the case of poorer children. The second chapter evaluates a Full-Time Primary Schools Program implemented in 2007, to work out if changing the time pupils spend at school can enhance skills in language and mathematics. Differences in Differences regressions point to a significant improvement of 0.11 standard deviations in mathematics and Spanish test scores after four years of treatment. These gains are three times higher in schools located in deprived areas and do not seem to be driven by students self-selection. The last chapter focuses on an exogenous policy change in Mexico which eliminates enforced grade repetition for all first to third grade students. This reform helped schools to reduce repetition rates from varying higher levels to almost zero in one academic year. Estimations coming from two-way fixed effects models using a panel of schools show an average reduction in dropout rates after reform implementation of 0.3% points along with no seeming effects on pupil’s performance. General findings from the three chapters are of strong significance when placed into the broader debate about what works best in schools for improving children’s academic performance and general education outcomes in Mexico

Lo que no se nombra no existe: Determinantes de la desigualdad de género en el trabajo no remunerado del hogar

Household unpaid work (TNRH, for its initials in Spanish) has historically been delegated to women, and its contribution to economic development is not wellrecognized. The objective of this research is to explore the mitigating and aggravating factors of gender inequality in unpaid work, considering its interaction with three main axes: women’s education level, women paid work status, and spatial status (rural and urban). For this purpose, we use panel data from the Mexican Family and Life Survey (MxFLS 2002, 2005-2006, and 2009-2012) and two-way fixed effect regressions (TWFE). The findings indicate that urbanization implies mechanisms for the progress of gender roles in terms of the redistribution in the allocation of unpaid work between genders; although this is not enough to counteract the systematic burden of unpaid work for women, mainly aggravated by the presence of children at home. This inequality in household unpaid work persists even for higher levels of education, clearly manifesting itself in a double workday for women with paid jobs.El trabajo no remunerado del hogar (TNRH) ha sido históricamente delegado a la mujer y su contribución al desarrollo es estructuralmente invisibilizada. El objetivo de la presente investigación es explorar los atenuantes y agravantes de la desigualdad de género en el TNRH, considerando su interacción con tres ejes principales de los hogares en México: la educación de la mujer, su estatus laboral y el entorno espacial (rural y urbano). Para este fin, utilizamos datos panel de la Encuesta nacional sobre niveles de vida de los hogares (ENNViH 2002, 2005-2006 y 2009-2012) y diversas estimaciones de efectos fijos de dos vías (TWFE, por sus siglas en inglés). Los hallazgos sugieren que la urbanización implica mecanismos para el progreso de los roles de género en cuanto a la redistribución del TNRH; pero esta no es suficiente para disipar la brecha de género que surge de la sistemática y rígida carga de labores domésticas no remuneradas que se le adjudican al género femenino, principalmente agravada por la presencia de hijos en el hogar. Esta desigualdad en TNRH persiste incluso al alcanzarse mayores niveles de educación, manifestándose claramente en una doble jornada laboral para las mujeres que cuentan con un trabajo remunerado

The Effect of Children's Time in School on Mothers' Labor Supply : Evidence from Mexico's Full-Time Schools Program

This paper examines the effect of the time children spend in school on female labor supply. In particular, the researchers investigate the degree to which extending the school day by three and a half hours, in elementary schools, affects labor force participation, the number of weekly hours worked, and the monthly earnings of females with elementaryschool-age children. To do so, we exploit within-individual variation in access to fulltime schools and a rotating panel of households that contains individual-level data on labor outcomes and sociodemographic characteristics. Results from long-difference models show that extending the school day increases mothers’ labor supply, increasing mothers’ labor force participation by 5.5 percentage points and the number of weekly hours worked by 1.8. Moreover, these increases are accompanied by an increase in monthly earnings

Effect of succesive applications of urban compost on soil potassium availability

10 páginas, 1 figura, 6 tablas, 22 referencias.[EN]: The effect of successive applications of urban compost (up to 150 and 400 t ha-1 in six applications over eight years) on the status of K in a calcareous soil was tested in a greenhouse experiment. An 8-15-15 complex fertilizer was also applied for comparison. Five years of ryegrass and three of horticultural plants (tomato and eggplant) were successively cropped during the experiment. Increases of soluble- and available-K were observed with both organic and inorganic fertilization, although statistical differences between treatments were not significant. On the contrary, total-K does not increase when compost is added. Values of total-K when compost is added at maximum rate tend to be even lower than those in the control, which could be related with the observed lowering of tite soil's bulk density. Highest plant K-uptake corresponds to the application of the maximum compost dosage, and is much higher than the amount of K applied with compost.[ES]: Se estudia a nivel de invernadero el efecto de aplicaciones sucesivas de compost urbano (hasta 150 y 400 t ha-1 en seis aplicaciones, a lo largo de ocho años) sobre niveles de K de un suelo calcáreo. A efectos comparativos se utilizó un abono inorgánico complejo, 8-15-15. Durante los cinco primeros años se cultivó ryegrass y plantas hortícolas (tomate y berenjena) durante los tres años restantes. La fertilización orgánica e inorgánica incrementó los niveles de K soluble y disponible en el suelo, aunque sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre tratamientos. Los niveles de K total no se incrementaron como consecuencia de la adición de compost. Resultaron incluso algo más bajos que en el control cuando se aplicó la dosis más alta de compost, lo que podría estar relacionado con la reducción de densidad aparente que ocasiona este tratamiento en el substrato. La máxima absorción vegetal de K correspondió al tratamiento con dosis mayor de compost, siendo la cantidad absorbida superior a la aportada por el compost.Peer reviewe

Application of AOPs to assist regulatory assessment of chemical risks – Case studies, needs and recommendations

While human regulatory risk assessment (RA) still largely relies on animal studies, new approach methodologies (NAMs) based on in vitro, in silico or non-mammalian alternative models are increasingly used to evaluate chemical hazards. Moreover, human epidemiological studies with biomarkers of effect (BoE) also play an invaluable role in identifying health effects associated with chemical exposures. To move towards the next generation risk assessment (NGRA), it is therefore crucial to establish bridges between NAMs and standard approaches, and to establish processes for increasing mechanistically-based biological plausibility in human studies. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework constitutes an important tool to address these needs but, despite a significant increase in knowledge and awareness, the use of AOPs in chemical RA remains limited. The objective of this paper is to address issues related to using AOPs in a regulatory context from various perspectives as it was discussed in a workshop organized within the European Union partnerships HBM4EU and PARC in spring 2022. The paper presents examples where the AOP framework has been proven useful for the human RA process, particularly in hazard prioritization and characterization, in integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), and in the identification and validation of BoE in epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, several limitations were identified that hinder the optimal usability and acceptance of AOPs by the regulatory community including the lack of quantitative information on response-response relationships and of efficient ways to map chemical data (exposure and toxicity) onto AOPs. The paper summarizes suggestions, ongoing initiatives and third-party tools that may help to overcome these obstacles and thus assure better implementation of AOPs in the NGRA.European Commission 733032 857560 101057014Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports by the RECETOX Research Infrastructure LM2018121OP RDE project CETOCOEN Excellence CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) JP21mk0101216 JP22mk0101216Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) 21K1213

Modelado 3D de la muralla de la Macarena (Sevilla). Propuesta metodológica para su integración en trabajos de gestión cartográfica digital

[EN] Conservation studies of an architectural asset constitute a solid support for future interventions. In particular, Digital Cartographic Management advocates the use of simplified models that allow different levels of definition to be achieved, depending on the desired architectural scale. Based on previous studies in which four levels of definition have been achieved, the aim is to define a fifth level from a 3D model. For this purpose, the Macarena Wall (Seville) is proposed as a case study. In this work, a photogrammetric survey of a section of the sector of this medieval wall is carried out, from which the entities that will form part of a fifth level of definition are identified.[ES] Los estudios de conservación sobre un bien arquitectónico constituyen un soporte sólido para futuras intervenciones. En concreto, la Gestión Cartográfica Digital aboga por el uso de modelos simplificados que permiten alcanzar distintos niveles de definición, según la escala arquitectónica deseada. Partiendo de estudios previos en los que se han logrado obtener cuatro niveles de definición, se tiene como objetivo definir un quinto nivel a partir de un modelo 3D. Para ello, se propone como caso de estudio la Muralla de La Macarena (Sevilla). En este trabajo se realiza el levantamiento fotogramétrico de un tramo del sector de esta muralla medieval, a partir del cual se identifican las entidades que formarán parte de un quinto nivel de definición.Los autores expresan su agradecimiento a la Gerencia de Urbanismo del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, especialmente al Servicio de Conservación Urbana y Renovación de la Edificación, al Servicio de Planeamiento y Desarrollo Urbanístico y a la Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de Sevilla (IDE Sevilla).Cabrera-Revuelta, E.; Mascort-Albea, EJ.; Hidalgo-Sánchez, FM.; Romero-Hernández, R.; Canivell, J. (2021). 3D modeling of the Macarena Wall (Seville). Methodological proposal for its integration in digital cartographic management studies. EGE Revista de Expresión Gráfica en la Edificación. 0(14):4-23. https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2021.15584OJS423014Alshawabkeh, Y., El-Khalili, M., Almasri, E., Bala'awi, F., & Al-Massarweh, A. 2020. Heritage documentation using laser scanner and photogrammetry. The case study of Qasr Al-Abidit, Jordan. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, vol. 16, e00133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2019.e00133Angulo, R., Pinto, F., Rodríguez, J., & Palomino, A. 2017. Digital Anastylosis of the Remains of a Portal by Master Builder Hernán Ruiz: Knowledge Strategies, Methods and Modelling Results. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, vol. 7 (March), pp. 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2017.09.003Barrera, J.A., Macías, D.H., & Boquera, J.H. 2005. La muralla almohade de Sevilla: aplicación de tecnologías de vanguardia a los levantamientos en arqueología y restauración. Aparejadores: Boletín Del Colegio Oficial de Aparejadores y Arquitectos Técnicos de Sevilla, no. 69, p. 48.Barrera Vera, J.A. 2005. Generation of virtual models of historical tapial 1 walls in Seville (Spain).Benavides López, J.A., & Barrera Vera, J A. 2020. Evaluación de los Sistemas de Mapeo Móvil (MMS) en la documentación gráfica del tholo de El Romeral (Conjunto Arqueológico Dólmenes de Antequera). Arqueología de la Arquitectura, vol. 17, e095. https://doi.org/10.3989/arq.arqt.2020.004Cabeza Méndez, J.M. 1993. Restauración de las murallas de Sevilla. Arquitectura y Ciudad II y III: Seminarios celebrados en Melilla, los días 25, 26 y 27 de septiembre de 1990 y los días 24, 25 y 26 de septiembre de 1991, pp. 341-348.Cabrera-Revuelta, E., & Molero-Alonso, B. 2016. Fotogrametría terrestre. Trabajos previos a la toma de datos. EGE Revista de Expresión Gráfica en la Edificación, no. 9, pp. 33-44. https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2016.12458Cabrera-Revuelta, E., Chávez, M.J., Barrera-Vera, J.A., Fernández-Rodríguez, Y., & Caballero Sánchez, M. 2021. Optimization of laser scanner positioning networks for architectural surveys through the design of genetic algorithms. Measurement, vol. 174, 108898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108898Calama, J.M., & Canivell, J. 2006. Análisis patológico de los paramentos de la muralla almohade de Sevilla (tramo comprendido entre la Puerta de la Macarena y el Jardín del Valle). V SIACOT. I SAACT. Construir con Tierra. Ayer y Hoy. Libro de Resúmenes. 14-17 june 2006, Mendoza, Argentina, pp. 117-118.Canivell, Jacinto et al. 2020. "A Methodological Framework for the Preventive Conservation of Historic Walls Located in Urban Contexts. Spatial Data Standards for the Medieval Wall of Seville (Spain): The Case of the Macarena Sector." Ge-Conservacion 18(1): 44-55. https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v18i1.762Canivell, J., Jaramillo-Morilla, A., Mascort-Albea, E.J., & Romero-Hernández, R. 2019. Metodología de evaluación y monitorización del patrimonio basado en la gestión cartográfica digital. La muralla de Sevilla. In M.D. Sivo, D. Ladiana (Ed.), Le Mura Urbane Crollano: Conservazione e Manutenzione Programmata Della Cinta Muraria Dei Centri Storici: Atti del Seminario Internazionale.(pp. 119-135). Pisa: Pisa University Press. https://hdl.handle.net/11441/88061Canivell, J., Mascort-Albea, E.J., Cabrera-Revuelta, E., Romero-Hernández, R., Jaramillo-Morilla, A., & Serrano-Chacón, Á. 2020. A methodological framework for the preventive conservation of historic walls located in urban contexts. Spatial data standards for the medieval wall of Seville (Spain): the case of the Macarena sector. Ge-Conservacion, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 44-55. https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v18i1.762Chiabrando, F., Colucci, E., Lingua, A., Matrone, F., Noardo, F., & Spanòa, A. 2018. A European Interoperable Database (EID) to increase resilience of cultural heritage. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. 42, no. 3/W4, pp. 151-158. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W4-151-2018Henriques, F., Bailão, A., Rocha, J., & Costa, J. 2020. Restoration of an 18th century frame: 3D modelling, printing and matching color of decorative flowers elements. Ge-Conservacion, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 313-322. https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v18i1.854Hidalgo-Sánchez, F.M. 2018. Interoperatividad entre SIG y BIM aplicada al patrimonio arquitectónico, exploración de posibilidades mediante la realización de un modelo digitalizado de la Antigua Iglesia de Santa Lucía y posterior análisis. Final Degree Work. Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla. https://hdl.handle.net/11441/79394Jiménez-Maqueda, D., & Pérez-Quesada, P. 2012. La muralla huérfana. A vueltas con el último recinto amurallado de Madnat Išblia. Romula, no. 11, pp. 273-347. López-Martínez, F.J. 1999. Tapias y tapiales. Loggia: Arquitectura y Restauración, no. 8, pp. 74-89. https://doi.org/10.4995/loggia.1999.5288Martín-del-Río, J.J., Alejandre, F.J., Blasco-López, F.J., & Márquez-Martínez, G. 2008. Hormigones de cal islámicos: altas resistencias en los tapiales del sector oriental de la Muralla de Sevilla (España). Actas de IX CICOP 2008. Congreso Internacional de Rehabilitación del Patrimonio Arquitectónico y Edificación. Patrimonio Construido e Innovación., Sevilla, vol. I, pp. 81-86.Masciotta, M.G., Morais, M.J., Ramos, L.F., Oliveira, D.V, Sánchez-Aparicio, L.J., & González-Aguilera, D. 2019. A Digital-based Integrated Methodology for the Preventive Conservation of Cultural Heritage: The Experience of HeritageCare Project. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1668985Mascort-Albea, E.J., Jaramillo-Morilla, A., Romero-Hernández, R., & Hidalgo-Sánchez, F.M. 2020. BIM-GIS interoperability applied to architectonic heritage: 2D and 3D digital models for the study of the ancient church of Santa Lucía in Seville (Spain). Science and Digital Technology for Cultural Heritage: Interdisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis, Vulberability, Risk Assessment and Graphic Information Models, CRC Press. pp. 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429345470-5Merchán, M.J., & Pérez, E. 2020. Conservation to overcome oblivion. New methods for the survival of lost heritage memory. Ge-Conservacion, no. 17, pp. 160-170. https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v17i1.753Piaia, E., Maietti, F., Di Giulio, R., Schippers-Trifan, O., Van Delft, A., Bruinenberg, S., & Olivadese, R. 2020. BIM-based cultural heritage asset management tool. Innovative solution to orient the preservation and valorization of historic buildings. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2020.1734686Pierdicca, R. 2018. Mapping Chimu's settlements for conservation purposes using UAV and close range photogrammetry. The virtual reconstruction of Palacio Tschudi, Chan Chan, Peru. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, vol. 8, pp. 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2017.11.004Quattrini, R., Pierdicca, R., Paolanti, M., Clini, P., Nespeca, R., & Frontoni, E. 2020. Digital interaction with 3D archaeological artefacts: evaluating user's behaviours at different representation scales. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, vol. 18, e00148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2020.e00148Rubio, J.M., Martín, J.J.F., & Alonso, J.I.S.J. 2018. Implementation of 3D scanner and digital photogrammetry in the documentation process of la Merced Church, Panama. EGA Revista de Expresion Grafica Arquitectonica, vol. 23, no. 32, pp. 208-219. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2018.9811Sequenzia, G., Fatuzzo, G., & Oliveri, S.M. 2021. A computer-based method to reproduce and analyse ancient series-produced moulded artefacts. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, vol. 20, e00174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2021.e0017

Propagation-induced transition from slow to fast light in highly doped erbium fibers

We analyze the propagation regime of an amplitude-modulated 1536 nm signal when traveling along a highly doped erbium fiber pumped at 977 nm as a function of the fiber length. A propagation-induced transition from superluminal to subluminal propagation takes place along the fiber length which allows a change in regime solely based upon increasing the signal modulation frequency. This peculiar behavior is due to the interplay between pump absorption and pump-power broadening of the spectral hole induced by coherent population oscillations. The effect of ion density on this frequency-dependent regime change has been investigated