Colonización nasal por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular en un hospital universitario de Bogotá, Colombia

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a microorganism that colonizes nostrils and different parts of the body, which is considered a risk factor to acquire invasive infections, especially in cardiovascular surgery patients.Objective: To determine the frequency of nasal colonization by MRSA and to establish the clinical characteristics in patients scheduled for cardiovascular surgery.Materials and methods: This was a descriptive study conducted between February and December, 2015. We included adult patients scheduled for cardiovascular surgery at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia. Colonization was identified by real-time PCR from nasal swabs. Colonized patients were treated with mupirocin 2.0% intranasally twice a day and bathed with chlorhexidine 4% from the neck downwards for five days. At the end of this treatment, PCR control was carried out.Results: We included 141 patients with a percentage of nasal colonization of 13.4% (19/141). There were 52 hospitalized patients and 89 outpatients with a percentage of nasal colonization of 17.3% (9/52), and 11.2% (10/89), respectively. All colonized patients who received treatment had a negative PCR at the end of the regime and none of the participating patients had a surgical site infection by S. aureus at the end of the study.Conclusions: Nasal colonization was observed both in hospitalized patients and outpatients. Decolonization treatment with mupirocin was effective to eradicate the carrier state in the short term, which could impact the rates of surgical wound infection associated with cardiovascular surgery.Introducción. Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) es un microorganismo que coloniza las fosas nasales y diferentes partes del cuerpo, lo cual se considera un factor de riesgo para adquirir infecciones invasivas, especialmente en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular.Objetivo. Determinar la colonización nasal por SARM y establecer las características clínicas en pacientes programados para cirugía cardiovascular.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo entre febrero y diciembre de 2015. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos programados para cirugía cardiovascular en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá. La colonización se identificó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) en tiempo real en muestras obtenidas mediante hisopados nasales. Los pacientes fueron descolonizados con mupirocina al 2,0 % intranasal dos veces al día y baños con gluconato de clorhexidina al 4 % del cuello hacía abajo durante cinco días, al cabo de lo cual se hizo una PCR de control.Resultados. Se incluyeron 141 pacientes, 52 hospitalizados y 89 ambulatorios. Del total, 19 (13,4 %) tenían colonización nasal por SARM, correspondientes a 9 (17,3 %) de los 52 hospitalizados y 10 (11,2 %) de los 89 ambulatorios. Todos los pacientes sometidos a descolonización tuvieron resultado negativo en la PCR al final del proceso y ninguno presentó infección del sitio operatorio por S. aureus.Conclusiones. Se demostró colonización nasal por SARM tanto en los pacientes hospitalizados como en los ambulatorios. La descolonización con mupirocina fue efectiva para erradicar el estado de portador a corto plazo, lo que podría tener efecto en las tasas de infección del sitio operatorio en las cirugías cardiovasculares

ICT training for the business competitiveness of the agro-industrial sector in the city of Cucuta

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are considered an essential tool in business strategy to promote the competitiveness of companies, with their implementation becoming more relevant in times of global crisis, such as the one currently experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research objective of this paper was to design an ICT training strategy for business competitiveness in the agro-industrial sector, starting with the descriptive phase provided in this paper. This research is based on a quantitative approach and includes a detailed description of agro-industrial companies’ current difficulties in using ICTs. A survey-type instrument with closed questions was carried out. In its application, a sampling plan was made, studying 12 agro-industrial companies from the city of Cúcuta; 242 employees were analyzed. It was identified that agro-industrial companies are at a medium level, scoring 92.9% in ICT use in technology, competitiveness factor, and business education. In conclusion, these companies located at a medium level in terms of ICT use of basic software and hardware for the daily tasks that employees must perform based on the completion objectives proposed by the company. However, in the face of a crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the companies must follow an emergency protocol of migrating to new virtual spaces because these become the main resource for their existence. As a scientific novelty, the research shows that despite the tensions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, and although ICTs provided support for the survival of agro-industrial organizations, the city companies have not found ways or strategies to take advantage of the ICT benefits in communication processes, competitiveness, and strengthening of human capital

Análisis de prácticas evaluativas en el Colegio Villa El Sol de la comuna de El Bosque : estimación de brechas entre la evaluación clásica y por competencias

Tesis (Magíster en Gestión Pedagógica y Curricular con Mención en Lenguaje y Comunicación o Mención en Educación Matemática)Es de responsabilidad de equipos de gestión, educadores y docentes la gran labor de generar cambios en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes, con la finalidad de que éstos posean las herramientas en cuanto habilidades, destrezas y capacidades para poder desempeñarse en la sociedad mediante el desarrollo de competencias. De esta premisa surge una gran interrogante; ¿el proceso de evaluación hacia los estudiantes habilita y mide competencias? La tesis realizada por las investigadoras está encauzada al análisis de prácticas evaluativas en el Colegio Villa el Sol de la comuna de El Bosque

Echocardiographic follow-up to right ventricular modifications in secondary pulmonary hypertension to diabetes in rats

Clinical studies suggest that diabetes is a risk factor in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary area is characterized by the increase in the afterload and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. The objective of this study was to conduct a longitudinal follow-up of the morphological and functional changes in the right ventricle in a rat model with pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to diabetes. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (saline solution) and a diabetic group (60 mg/kg with streptozotocin). For 12 weeks, an echocardiography for longitudinal (in vivo) image analysis of the pulmonary pressure was performed at the same time as the evaluation of myocardial remodeling and right ventricular. After this period, the pulmonary pressure was measured by means of a pulmonary artery catheterization, and the presence of hypertrophy was determined by means of the Fulton index. The plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide was measured by means of the ELISA technique. It was found that the diabetic rats showed an increase in pressure in the pulmonary arteries, an increase in the Fulton index, and an increase in brain natriuretic peptide. The echocardiographic follow-up showed that the diabetic rats presented an increase in the pulmonary artery from the fourth week, while hypertrophy and right ventricular systolic dysfunction occurred until the twelfth week. In conclusion, pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by experimental diabetes generated hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction of the right ventricle

Prevalencia de Blastocystis hominis en vendedores ambulantes de comida del municipio Caroní, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among food handlers from Caroni municipality, Bolivar State, Venezuela

Para determinar la prevalencia de Blastocystis hominis en una muestra de vendedores ambulantes de comida, aparentemente sanos, se realizó un estudio seccional con 415 personas que acudieron al Ambulatorio Urbano tipo III "Manoa" (Municipio Caroní, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela), Programa de Higiene del Adulto, a solicitar el certificado de salud para trabajar como vendedores de comida. Una muestra de heces obtenida por evacuación espontánea fue analizada mediante la técnica de examen directo y método de concentración de Willis. Se encontraron 150 personas parasitadas (36,14%), de ellas 107 (25,78%) con B. hominis. No se observó predilección por el sexo (p > 0,05), pero sí con relación a la edad, siendo las personas de 18 a 27 años las más afectados (ji² = 12,17; g.l. = 4). En el 71,02% de los casos se encontró como parásito único y en 28,98% de los casos asociados a otros parásitos, siendo el más frecuentemente asociado Giardia lamblia (2,41%). En la mayoría de las personas parasitadas (85%) el protozoario se observó en un número menor de cinco células por campo. Se concluye que B. hominis es un parásito frecuente en manipuladores de alimentos del Municipio Caroní, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela.<br>A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis infection in a random sample of apparently healthy food handlers. A total of 415 individuals attending the Manoa Urban Outpatient Clinic (Caroní Municipality, Bolívar State, Venezuela) in the Adult Hygiene Program and who requested health certification to work as food handlers were studied. Stool samples obtained by spontaneous evacuation were examined by direct microscopy and the Willis concentration method. A total of 150 individuals were infected (36.14%), 107 (25.78%) of whom with B. hominis. There was no difference between males and females (p > 0.05), but there was a significant difference between ages (chi² = 12.17; g.l. = 4), with infection more frequent between 18 and 27 years. In 71.02% of the cases, B. hominis was the only parasite. Giardia lamblia was the parasite most frequently associated with B. hominis (2.41%). In the majority (85%) of infected individuals, less than five microorganisms per microscopic field were observed. We conclude that B. hominis is a frequent intestinal parasite among food handlers in Caroní Municipality, Bolivar State, Venezuela