Infection by <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Promotes or Demotes Tumor Development

Cancer is a disease that claims the lives of millions of people every year around the world. To date, multiple risk factors that may contribute to its development have been described. In recent years, a factor that has been associated to cancer development is the presence of bacterial infections that could contribute to its occurrence not only by favoring the inflammatory process, but also through the release of proteins that trigger tumorigenesis. One of the bacterial species that have recently generated interest due to its possible role in cancer development is Salmonella enterica. Nevertheless, for more than a decade, attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica have been proposed as a treatment for different neoplasms due to its bacterium tropism for the tumor microenvironment, its oncolytic activity and its ability to activate the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host. These two facets of Salmonella enterica are addressed in detail in this chapter, allowing us to understand its possible role in cancer development and its well-documented antitumor activity

Assessment of in vivo fetal growth and placental vascular function in a novel intrauterine growth restriction model of progressive uterine artery occlusion in guinea pigs

Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with short and long-term metabolic and cardiovascular alterations. Mice and rats have been extensively used to study the effects of IUGR, but there are notable differences in fetal and placental physiology relative to those of humans that argue for alternative animal models. This study proposes that gradual occlusion of uterine arteries from mid-gestation in pregnant guinea pigs produces a novel model to better assess human IUGR. Fetal biometry and in vivo placental vascular function were followed by sonography and Doppler of control pregnant guinea pigs and sows submitted to surgical placement of ameroid constrictors in both uterine arteries (IUGR) at mid-gestation (35 days). The ameroid constrictors induced a reduction in the fetal abdominal circumference growth rate (0.205 cm day-1) compared to control (0.241 cm day-1, P \u3c 0.001) without affecting biparietal diameter growth. Umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance indexes at 10 and 20 days after surgery were significantly higher in IUGR animals than controls (P \u3c 0.01). These effects were associated with a decrease in the relative luminal area of placental chorionic arteries (21.3 ± 2.2% vs. 33.2 ± 2.7%, P \u3c 0.01) in IUGR sows at near term. Uterine artery intervention reduced fetal (∼30%), placental (∼20%) and liver (∼50%) weights (P \u3c 0.05), with an increased brain to liver ratio (P \u3c 0.001) relative to the control group. These data demonstrate that the ameroid constrictor implantations in uterine arteries in pregnant guinea pigs lead to placental vascular dysfunction and altered fetal growth that induces asymmetric IUGR

Assessment of in vivo fetal growth and placental vascular function in a novel intrauterine growth restriction model of progressive uterine artery occlusion in guinea pigs

Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with short and long-term metabolic and cardiovascular alterations. Mice and rats have been extensively used to study the effects of IUGR, but there are notable differences in fetal and placental physiology relative to those of humans that argue for alternative animal models. This study proposes that gradual occlusion of uterine arteries from mid-gestation in pregnant guinea pigs produces a novel model to better assess human IUGR. Fetal biometry and in vivo placental vascular function were followed by sonography and Doppler of control pregnant guinea pigs and sows submitted to surgical placement of ameroid constrictors in both uterine arteries (IUGR) at mid-gestation (35 days). The ameroid constrictors induced a reduction in the fetal abdominal circumference growth rate (0.205 cm day-1) compared to control (0.241 cm day-1, P \u3c 0.001) without affecting biparietal diameter growth. Umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance indexes at 10 and 20 days after surgery were significantly higher in IUGR animals than controls (P \u3c 0.01). These effects were associated with a decrease in the relative luminal area of placental chorionic arteries (21.3 ± 2.2% vs. 33.2 ± 2.7%, P \u3c 0.01) in IUGR sows at near term. Uterine artery intervention reduced fetal (∼30%), placental (∼20%) and liver (∼50%) weights (P \u3c 0.05), with an increased brain to liver ratio (P \u3c 0.001) relative to the control group. These data demonstrate that the ameroid constrictor implantations in uterine arteries in pregnant guinea pigs lead to placental vascular dysfunction and altered fetal growth that induces asymmetric IUGR

GC-FID-MS and X-ray Diffraction for the Detailed Evaluation of the Volatiles From Senecio filaginoides

The medicinal aromatic plant Senecio filaginoides DC, which is very widespread in the Patagonia region, was harvested at the vegetative, flowering, and fructification stages. The materials were extracted by hydrodistillation, yielding in average 0.34% v/w of essential oils with a pleasant sweet and greenish scent. A total of 56 components were identified by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection and mass spectra measurements, representing 96.1%-97.6% of the total oil. The sesquiterpenoid 10αH-furanoeremophil-1-one (1) appeared as a major constituent (16.2%-26.9%) of the oil. It could be isolated by cooling the oil at 4°C, thus yielding yellow crystalline solids. Its stereochemistry was assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction since previous studies identified the compound with different stereochemistries. The use of classical separation and analytical methodologies remains as a very useful strategy for the correct identification of compounds present in the volatile fraction of a plant and is a route for potential industrial applications.Fil: Van Baren, Catalina Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: González, Silvia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Bandoni, Arnaldo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Di Leo Lira, Paola Maria del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Bucio, María A.. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados. Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas.; MéxicoFil: Hernández Barragán, Angelina. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados. Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas.; MéxicoFil: Joseph Nathan, Pedro. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados. Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas.; Méxic

El rol de la masa muscular en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas

Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), según la clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, son la primera causa de muerte dentro de los países llamados desarrollados y en vía de desarrollo. Algunas de las patologías que se clasifican dentro de esta categoría, son las cardiometabólicas, como pueden ser la obesidad, hipertensión arterial, diabetes, infarto agudo de miocardio, entre otras. En la actualidad las estadísticas son muy preocupantes y en lo que respecta al futuro peor aun. Hoy en día, en el primer lugar de morbi-mortalidad se encuentran las enfermedades cardiovasculares (17 millones de muertes en 2002) ascendiendo según OMS para el 2030 a 25 millones, seguido por el cáncer (7 millones), enfermedades pulmonares crónicas (4 millones) y la diabetes mellitus (casi 1 millón). Debido a este contexto se estima que para el año 2020, las ECNT explicarán el 75% de todas las muertes en el mundo, en especial en países en vías de desarrollo. La gran mayoría de las enfermedades denominadas cardiometabólicas, se asocian directamente con un estilo de vida nocivo que predisponen a las personas a desarrollar este tipo de patologías. En los últimos 30 años, la población mundial se ha vuelto más obesa y menos activos físicamente, como resultado, hay una aparición de enfermedades asociadas con disfunciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares, tales como la obesidad, la diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico (Szostak, 2011).Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Unseen food: The importance of extra-market small farm's production for rural households in Europe

Small farms are a key part of the system of food flows that happen outside of marketing channels, and which is a crucial source of food for to the most vulnerable part of the world population living in the rural or connected to the rural through family and other social links. Food Self-Provisioning (FSP) is the largest share of these informal flows. For Europe and European small farms today, the role of FSP is relatively un-known. In this paper we address the relative weight and relevance of extra-market arrangements in small farms in Europe, thus contributing to the understanding of the multi-dimensional role of small farms in the regional food system they are part of, and also in the wellbeing of their own household. The analysis is based on 739 face-to-face interviews to small farms, in 24 regions of Europe across a North-South and East-West gradient. We show evidence that FSP is important in all types of small farms, and even if all small farms are in some way linked to the market, they continue producing food which circulates outside the market and may be quite relevant for the farm household, as well as for strengthening social ties in the rural communities and rural-urban interactions

Gravidez ectópica em cicatriz de cesárea: relato de caso e revisão da literatura. Hospital Simón Bolívar, subrede norte Bogotá, Colômbia

Ectopic pregnancy is defined as the implantation of the gestational sac outside the uterus and it represents 3 % of all pregnancies. The most frequent anatomical location is in the uterine tube, where it occurs in 95 % of the cases, thus leaving 5 % to other locations such as the ovary, the abdominal cavity, the cervix and a previous uterine scar. The case is relevant because of its low prevalence and because of the ultrasound findings, the possible therapeutic options for the patient, and the intraoperative findings. A literature review was carried out, using databases such as PubMed, Medline and Science Direct, in order to evaluate and analyze the state of the art of this pathological condition. Here, we present the case of a patient with a 7-week pregnancy located at the cervical isthmus level by ultrasound, initially treated conservatively with systemic Methotrexate (MTX), with no response to the treatment, and therefore she required surgical intervention and preservation of fertility. An updated review of the subject is carried out with the different therapeutic approaches.El embarazo ectópico se define como la implantación del saco gestacional fuera del útero y representa el 3 % de todos los embarazos. La ubicación anatómica más frecuente es en la trompa uterina, en donde se presenta en un 95 %, dejando así un 5 % a otras localizaciones como el ovario, la cavidad abdominal, cervicouterina y cicatriz uterina previa. El caso es relevante por su baja prevalencia y por los hallazgos ecográficos, las posibles opciones terapéuticas para la paciente y los hallazgos intraoperatorios. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, utilizando bases de datos como PubMed, Medline y Science Direct, con el fin de evaluar y analizar el estado del arte de esta condición patológica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con un embarazo de 7 semanas localizado a nivel ístmico cervical por ecografía, inicialmente tratada de manera conservadora con Metotrexato (MTX) sistémico, sin respuesta al tratamiento, por lo cual requirió intervención quirúrgica y preservación de la fertilidad. Se realiza una revisión actualizada del tema con los diferentes enfoques terapéuticos.A gravidez ectópica é definida como a implantação do saco gestacional fora do útero e representa 3 % de todas as gestações. A localização anatômica mais frequente é na trompa uterina, onde é apresentada em 95 %, deixando assim 5 % a outras localizações, como ovário, cavidade abdominal, cervicouterina e cicatriz uterina prévia. O caso é relevante por sua baixa prevalência e pelos achados ecográficos, as possíveis opções terapêuticas para a paciente e os achados intraoperatórios. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura com a utilização de bases de dados como PubMed, Medline e Science Direct, a fim de avaliar e analisar o estado da arte dessa condição patológica. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com uma gravidez de sete semanas localizada no nível istmo cervical por ecografia, inicialmente tratada de maneira conservadora com metotrexato (MTX) sistêmico, sem resposta ao tratamento, razão pela qual requiriu intervenção cirúrgica e preservação da fertilidade. Foi realizada uma revisão atualizada do tema com diferentes abordagens terapêuticas

Aspectos didácticos en la formación de traductores para el ámbito económico e institucional

Este trabajo tiene que ver con uno de los objetivos perseguidos, en el marco del Proyecto Redes de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria del Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Alicante, por la red 2986 "Planificación docente y uso de COMENEGO (Corpus Multilingüe de Economía y Negocios) en la enseñanza de la traducción económica e institucional", relacionado, en concreto, con las metodologías docentes en traducción económica. Se presenta una síntesis de una serie de comunicaciones que se pronunciaron en el Congreso Internacional de Traducción Económica, Comercial, Financiera e Institucional, celebrado en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Alicante a finales de mayo de 2014

Management of a ruptured epidural catheter, an anesthesiologist's dilemma: a case report

Epidural anesthesia is a widely used anesthetic technique in lower extremity surgeries although it is a relatively safe procedure, it can have complications, such as rupture of the epidural catheter. This is a 69-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of Wagner IV diabetic foot is presented, which was scheduled for left supracondylar amputation in which after epidural block, retention of the catheter tip in the epidural space at level L2-L3 was seen, so hemi laminectomy was performed in a second surgical stage in L2 and removal of the epidural catheter. Ideally a broken needle should be removed as soon as possible