Explaining High Economic Growth in Small Tourism Countries with a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model.

This paper shows that tourism specialisation can help to explain the observed high growth rates of small countries. For this purpose, two models of growth and trade are constructed to represent the trade relations between two countries. One of the countries is large, rich, has an own source of sustained growth and produces a tradable capital good. The other is a small poor economy, which does not have an own engine of growth and produces tradable tourism services. The poor country exports tourism services to and imports capital goods from the rich economy. In one model tourism is a luxury good, while in the other the expenditure elasticity of tourism imports is unitary. Two main results are obtained. In the long run, the tourism country overcomes decreasing returns and permanently grows because its terms of trade continuously improve. Since the tourism sector is relatively less productive than the capital good sector, tourism services become relatively scarcer and hence more expensive than the capital good. Moreover, along the transition the growth rate of the tourism economy holds well above the one of the rich country for a long time. The growth rate differential between countries is particularly high when tourism is a luxury good. In this case, there is a faster increase in the tourism demand. As a result, investment of the small economy is boosted and its terms of trade highly improve.High growth, Small tourism countries, Terms of trade, Luxury good, Dynamic general equilibrium.

Wood mouse feeding effort and decision-making when encountering a restricted unknown food source

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Animals making foraging decisions must balance the energy gained, the time invested, and the influence of key environmental factors. In our work, we examined the effect of predation risk cues and experience on feeding efforts when a novel food resource was made available. To achieve this, we live-trapped wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus in Monte de Valdelatas (Madrid), where 80 Sherman traps were set in four plots. Traps were subjected to two food-access difficulties in treatments consisting of three consecutive nights: open plastic bottles (easy) and closed bottles (difficult), both using corn as bait. To simulate predation risk, we set fox faeces in half of the traps in each plot. We also considered moonlight (medium/low) as an indirect predation risk cue. We analysed whether bottles had been bitten by mice and the gnawed area of each bottle was measured. Our results indicated that food access difficulty, experience, and predation risk determined mice feeding decisions and efforts. The ability of mice to adapt feeding effort when a new food source is available was demonstrated because a higher proportion of closed bottles exhibited bite marks and the gnawed area was bigger. Moreover, mouse experience was determinant in the use of this new resource since recaptured mice gnawed broader orifices in the bottles and the gnawed area increased each time an individual was recaptured. Additionally, direct predation risk cues prompted mice to bite the bottles whereas the effect of different moon phases varied among the food access treatments. This study provides direct evidence of formidable efficacy of wild mice to exploit a new nutrient resource while considering crucial environmental factors that shape the decision-making procedur

Observing the grammaticalization process of the Judeo-Spanish form cualmente

Tomando como base de estudio un amplio corpus de textos en lengua sefardícronológicamente situados entre los siglos XVI y XX, pertenecientes a distintos géneros de su literatura-, teniendo siempre presente la debilidad bien conocida de las zonas fronterizas entre categorías y la importancia de los factores pragmáticos en este tipo de evoluciones, se analiza el proceso de gramaticalización y el correspondiente reanálisis de la forma cualmente, que, desde su primigenia identidad como adverbio, pasa a asumir dos nuevas funciones: las conjuntivas, como introductor de oraciones subordinadas de carácter fundamentalmente declarativo, y las de mero marcador discursivo o partícula expletiva en estilo directo.Taking as a basis of study a wide corpus of texts in the Sephardic language - chronologically located between the 16th and 20th centuries, and that belong to different genres of its literature-, always considering the widely known weakness of the linguistic border zones separating grammatical categories, and the relevance of pragmatic aspects within this variety of evolutions, the grammaticalization process and the corresponding reanalysis of the form cualmente are studied here. Cualmente, from its original identity as an adverb, adopts two new functions: conjunctive, as introducer of subordinate sentences essentially declarative, and those of mere discursive marker or expletive particle in direct style

Las expresiones con sustantivos de valor mínimo en la lengua judeoespañola

El uso de sustantivos que designan elementos de valor mínimo es un recurso especialmente interesante utilizado como refuerzo de la negación. Es un procedimiento conocido ya en latín, que todas las lenguas romances han desarrollado. En este trabajo se estudiarán algunas cuestiones que este fenómeno presenta en la lengua sefardí, destacando los términos que emplea, los aspectos pragmáticos y los mecanismos lingüísticos seleccionados por los hablantes para intensificar afectivamente sus enunciados negativos

La casa, el hogar y la familia en el campo de Montiel en el siglo XVIII

Nos planteamos el estudio de la sociedad del Antiguo Régimen a partir de la casa, entendida como elemento de la arquitectura rural y de la cultura material, como espacio doméstico y centro de producción, consumo y reproducción social. Tomando como base de la investigación una típica villa manchega del Campo de Montiel como El Bonillo pretendemos mostrar que la casa y la familia como estructuras asociativas, serán las encargadas de explicar la organización social y la vida de los individuos en su seno. Trataremos, en definitiva, de comprender cómo se reproducen y consolidan las grandes diferencias que se dan en el medio rural manchego

Topo europeo – Talpa europaea Linnaeus, 1758

Mamíferos - Orden Insectivora - Familia Talpidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/.A comprehensive review of the natural history of the European Mole Talpa europaea in Spain.Peer reviewe

To a dynamic and efficient model of training of the teachers

The current context of education, characterized by major changes and innovations made lately, makes teachers as the key to educational change, have a role that will help prepare students to understand the society in which they operate. In this regard, we develop in this paper several approaches, why educate a person in childhood and compulsory education, how to teach content so that students learn significantly? or what kind of training of teachers should acquire to meet these needs. Issues such as the response will allow us to reflect on the experiences of training and innovation in non-university education

Tunable ring resonator filter for OFDM Transmission systems

A novel tunable filter is theoretically demonstrated. It is based on a ring resonator with an amplifier and a noise filter in the loop. This optoelectronic device has potential as a high-sensitivity receiver and as a tunable demultiplexer in OFDM transmission systems.Publicad