36 research outputs found
Does distillers dried grain with solubles from wheat have positive effects on performance and health in slaughter pig production
Drank frÄn sprittillverkningen för humankonsumtion har sedan en lÀngre tid anvÀnts som foder till grisar men fÄ studier har gjorts inom omrÄdet. Med hÄrdare krav pÄ
djuromsorg och djurhÀlsa, bÄde frÄn staten och för ekonomin i lantbrukarens egen produktion, Àr det intressant att se drankens effekt pÄ produktionsegenskaper och hÀlsa.
Syftet med vÄrt examensarbete Àr att utvÀrdera hur drank fungerar i slaktgrisproduktion med hÀnsyn till produktionsegenskaper och hÀlsa. Studien har genomförts som ett fÀltförsök pÄ gÄrden Björkhem utanför Kristianstad.
Tre omgÄngar grisar med 783 djur i varje omgÄng (totalt 2349 grisar) har ingÄtt i försöket, som löpt frÄn mars 2012 till januari 2013. I varje omgÄng fanns en kontrollgrupp samt tvÄ försöksled, alla i separata avdelningar.
Kontrollgruppen har fÄtt fÀrdigfoder blandat med vatten. I försöksleden har drank ingÄtt i blandningen och övriga komponenter korrigerats för att ge ett likvÀrdigt
nÀringsinnehÄll i alla foder. Försöksled drank tvÄ steg inledde med 25 % och övergick efter tio veckor till 45 % drank. Försöksled drank fler steg utfodrades med 25 % drank
vid insÀttningen som successivt ökades med 5 % Ät gÄngen (varannan vecka) upp till 45% drank. Detta innebar att grisar som fick drank i fler steg fick mest drank under hela
uppfödningsperioden.
Av 261 insatta grisar per avdelning mÀrktes ca 145 djur individuellt. Samtliga grisar vÀgdes pÄ insÀttningsdagen i grupp pÄ lastbilen och de individuellt mÀrkta vÀgdes
manuellt pÄ vÄg samt eventuella avvikelser, sÄsom svansbitning, problem i navelregionen och hÀlta, noterades. Tio veckor senare vÀgdes alla individuellt mÀrkta djur igen.
Avseende hĂ€lsa har vi kontrollerat sjuka djur under uppfödningen, avlivade och sjĂ€lvdöda samt slaktanmĂ€rkningar. Vid drankutfodring fanns en tendens till fler hjĂ€rnhinneinflammationer och en tendens till fler avlivningar pĂ„ grund av kannibalism vid jĂ€mförelse drank/ ej drank. Ăven om det fanns en statistisk tendens sĂ„ var
förekomsten vÀldigt lÄgt i alla försöksled. I vÄrt försök har vi anvÀnt oss av produktionsuppföljningsprogrammet PigWin Slakt. I detta program registreras antal insatta djur, antal slaktade djur, kasserade djur vid slakt,
köttprocent, foderförbrukning, tillvÀxt, dödlighet mm. Vid kontroll av PigWin-siffror kunde man se en tendens till högre foderförbrukning men ocksÄ högre köttprocent hos
försöksledet drank fler steg Àn hos försöksledet drank tvÄ steg. PigWin-siffrorna visade ocksÄ pÄ att det var en signifikant högre foderkostnad för kontrollfodret.
Om man slÄr ihop de bÄda drankleden och jÀmför dem med kontrolledet fanns det en tendens till högre slaktkroppsvikt hos kontrolledet (93,2 kg vs 91,1 kg) trots att omgÄngstiden var densamma för alla försöksled. InsÀttningsvikten korrigerades till 30 kg och det gav en signifikant högre korrigerad daglig tillvÀxt i kontrolledet (988 g vs 963 g). Dock pÄvisades en signifikant högre foderkostnad för kontrolledet (45 öre per kg tillvÀxt som motsvarar omkring 40 kronor per gris). Boxrenligheten skiljde sig inte Ät mellan försöksleden.
Bland de individuellt utvalda djuren fanns ingen signifikant skillnad i spridning av daglig tillvÀxt nÀr man jÀmförde alla tre leden mot varandra. NÀr de bÄda drankleden
slogs samman och jÀmfördes mot kontrolledet kunde man se en tendens till högre daglig tillvÀxt med kontrollfodret.
Vi tycker att vi har fÄtt ett bra och tydligt svar pÄ vÄr frÄgestÀllning: Ger drank i slaktgrisproduktion positiva effekter pÄ produktionsegenskaper och hÀlsa? Vi kan inte se nÄgra signifikanta skillnader som visar att drank ger positiva effekter pÄ tillvÀxt eller hÀlsa, enligt vÄrt försöksresultat.Distillers dried grain with solubles (shortened DDGS in this paper) from ethanol production for human consumption has been used as an animal feed for a long time, but
only a few studies on its effects has been done.
Along with stricter rules on animal health from the Swedish government and economical factors that forces farmers to money awareness, it is important to have healthy animals
that will be more profitable. Because of this we found it interesting to see how DDGS affects performance and health in our animals.
The purpose with our experiment is to evaluate how DDGS works in slaughter pig production with consideration to health and performance.
The experiment was held at a farm, Björkhem, outside Kristianstad in the southern part of Sweden.
The experiment included 2349 pigs, which were divided into one control diet- group, and two groups with different strategies for DDGS. There were three batches with 783
pigs in each and they were divided into three sections. The duration of the project was February 2012 until January 2013. The two steps strategy started with 25% of DDGS
and increased to 45% ten weeks later. The multiple steps strategy also started at 25% of DDGS and increased the level with 5% every second week until it reached 45%. The
total amount of DDGS given to the pigs was highest in the multiple steps strategy.
Of 261 pigs per section, 145 were marked with individual ear tags. All of the pigs were weighed on the lorry as a group and the marked pigs were weighed individual as well.
Any deviation, as lameness, cannibalism, umbilicial hernia etc. was noted. Ten weeks later all the individual marked animals were weighed again.
In terms of health we have noted every unhealthy animal during the period, animals which died during the experiment and cases of diseases at slaughter.
When pigs are fed with DDGS there was a tendency of more meningitis and a tendency of more pigs that were killed because of cannibalism. Although this statistical tendency
was detected, the incidence of these diseases was very low in all treatments. In our experiment we have used a program called PigWin Slakt, where you can follow up your production and can compare to other producers. You noticed numbers like amount of pigs, amount of slaughtered pigs, mortality, meat per cent of the carcass, growth, feed consumption etc. Using the PigWin-numbers we found a tendency of higher feed consumption and a higher percentage of carcass meat among the pigs fed the multiple steps strategy than the pigs that were fed the two steps strategy. The PigWinnumbers also showed a significant higher cost for the control diet.
When comparing pigs fed with DDGS to pigs fed the control diet, there is a tendency of higher slaughter weight among the pigs that were fed the control diet (93.2 kg vs 91.1
kg) even though they were raised for the same amount of days. The corrected daily growth was significantly higher with the control diet (988 g vs 963 g), and the cost for
this diet was significantly higher than the cost for diets with DDGS (0, 45 SEK per kg gained, which is about 40 SEK per produced pig). The cleanliness of the stalls didnât differ between the different strategies or the control.
Among the individual marked animals there were no differences in standard deviation for weight gain when comparing all of the three treatments. When both DDGS were
combined and compared to the control diet there was a tendency of higher daily growth with the control diet.
We think that we have got an obvious answer on our question; does DDGS from wheat have positive effects on performance and health in slaughter pig production? We canât
see any significant differences that show that DDGS leads to positive effects neither on growth or health, according to our trial
Grönt medarbetarskap
Tiderna förÀndras, sÄ Àven inom jordbrukssektorn. Effektiviseringen av jordbruket har medfört att det pÄ senare tid bildats allt större enheter för att bibehÄlla god lönsamhet, vilket innebÀr vÀxande enheter med fler medarbetare. Det innebÀr att den enskilde jordbrukarens uppgift förÀndras, frÄn att ha ansvarat och arbetat med allt frÄn ekonomi och djurskötsel till maskinkörning, till att bli chef och ledare med personalansvar. Behovet av medarbetarskap Àr tydligt dÄ jordbrukaren inte klarar av att ensam ha full koll och kontroll över verksamheten nÀr den vÀxer och personalstyrkan likasÄ. Det medför Àven ett behov av att kunna etablera en god relation mellan chef och medarbetare, samt förmÄgan att som chef vÄga delegera ansvar och arbetsuppgifter.
Vi har i detta arbete genomfört en kvalitativ studie som syftar till att se hur arbetsgivarna inom jordbrukssektorn ser pÄ medarbetarskap samt hur det anvÀnds i verksamheten. Genom studien avser vi skapa en förstÄelse för medarbetarskap, hur man bygger upp medarbetarskap i organisationen och vilken effekt ett myndigt medarbetarskap kan bidra till.
MÄlet med studien gÄr ut pÄ att besvara tre frÄgestÀllningar:
⹠Vad Àr medarbetarskap för arbetsgivaren?
âą Hur arbetar arbetsgivaren med medarbetarskap i verksamheten?
âą Hur avser arbetsgivaren att arbeta med medarbetarskap i verksamhetens fortsatta utveckling?
Studien avser verksamheter inom jordbrukssektorn som bedriver verksamhet med tvÄ eller fler olika inriktningar. Vi har valt att begrÀnsa oss till verksamheter med fem anstÀllda eller fler för att det ska bli en tydlig bild hur arbetsgivaren arbetar med medarbetarskap. För att besvara vÄra tre huvudfrÄgor har vi intervjuat fem arbetsgivare om medarbetarskap, vi har sedan bearbetat informationen och genom anvÀndning av tvÄ modeller sammanstÀllt ett resultat. Resultatet vi har fÄtt fram av vÄr studie Àr att alla respondenter pÄ olika sÀtt anvÀnder sig av medarbetarskap, de anser dessutom att det Àr tillrÀckligt viktigt för att fortsÀtta arbeta med medarbetarskap och dess utveckling inom organisationen Àven framöver. Med det resultatet har vi kommit fram till slutsatsen att medarbetarskap anvÀnds inom jordbrukssektorn, det Àr en filosofi som bidrar till en vÀlmÄende verksamhet och dess organisation. Medarbetarskap bidrar till en god arbetsmiljö, personal som Àr sjÀlvgÄende och som strÀvar efter att göra ett gott arbete, samtidigt som verksamheten arbetar för att bemöta medarbetarens behov och vilja till utveckling. Det leder till en mer vÀlmÄende organisation som nÄr sin mÄlbild.Times change, so even in the agricultural sector. The purpose to maintain a high profitability has led to an increased efficiency of the agricultural industry through larger units. A larger business requires more employees, which means that the single farmer who used to manage everything from finances to the farms machinery, will also
become manager. A clear need for employeeship is demonstrated when the growing business becomes so extensive that the farmer alone can no longer maintain a total control. The growing business also implies a need for the new manager to have the ability to establish a good relationship between the manager and employees, as well as the ability to delegate responsibility and tasks.
With this study we have conducted a qualitative study that seeks to examine what employers of the agricultural sector think about employeeship, and how it is implemented into their businesses. With the study we intend to create an understanding for employeeship, how it is established into the organization and what results a well-Ââfunctioning employeeship may bring with it.
The main goal of the study is to answer three questions:
âą What is employeeship for the employer?
âą How does the employer use employeeship in the business?
âą How does the employer intend to practice employeeship within the continued development of the business?
The study focuses on businesses in the agricultural sector with two or more orientations. To be able to create a clear idea of how employers are practicing employeeship, we have chosen businesses with five or more employees. To find answers for our three main questions, we have interviewed five different employers about their view on employeeship. The collected information has been used together with two different models to put together a final result. The results show that all of our respondents practice employeeship of some sort, and that employeeship is so important that they want to continue developing it along with the organization in the future. Our conclusion from the result is that employeeship is practiced in the agricultural sector. Itâs because the philosophy improves the work environment as well as motivates the employees to do a good job, at the same time as the employer strives to address his/hers employeeâs needs and wills for further development. It leads to a more prosperous organization that reaches its vision
Plasma concentration of neurofilament light chain protein decreases after switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
Background Because tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) leads to significantly lower plasma tenofovir concentrations than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and is a stronger substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) than TDF, TAF could lead to decreased central nervous system (CNS) tenofovir exposure than TDF. We aimed to determine if switching from TDF to TAF increases the risk of neuronal injury, by quantifying plasma levels of neurofilament light protein (NfL), a sensitive marker of neuronal injury in HIV CNS infection. Methods Plasma NfL concentration was measured at baseline, week 24, and week 84 in stored plasma samples from 416 participants (272 switching to elvitegravir (E)/cobicistat (C)/emtricitabine (F)/TAF and 144 continuing E/C/F/TDF) enrolled in the randomized, active-controlled, multicenter, open-label, noninferiority Gilead GS-US-292-0109 trial. Results While plasma NfL levels in both groups were within the normal range, we found a small but significant decrease in the E/C/F/TAF arm after 84 weeks from a geometric mean of 9.3 to 8.8 pg/mL (5.4% decline, 95% CI 2.0-8.4, p = 0.002). This change was significantly different (p = 0.001) from that of the E/C/F/TDF arm, in which plasma NfL concentration changed from 9.7 pg/mL at baseline to 10.2 pg/mL at week 84 (5.8% increase, 95% CI -0.8-12.9, p = 0.085). This increase is in line with what could be expected in normal ageing. Plasma NfL concentrations significantly correlated with age. No correlation was found between plasma NfL and serum creatinine. Conclusions We found no biomarker evidence of CNS injury when switching from TDF to TAF. It is unclear whether the small decrease in plasma NfL found after switch to TAF is of any clinical relevance, particularly with plasma NfL levels in both arms remaining within the limits found in HIV-negative controls. These results indicate that switching from TDF to TAF appears safe with regard to neuronal injury
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of glial marker YKL-40 strongly associated with axonal injury in HIV infection
Background: HIV-1 infects the central nervous system (CNS) shortly after transmission. This leads to a chronic
intrathecal immune activation. YKL-40, a biomarker that mainly reflects activation of astroglial cells, has not been
thoroughly investigated in relation to HIV. The objective of our study was to characterize cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
YKL-40 in chronic HIV infection, with and without antiretroviral treatment (ART).
Methods: YKL-40, neopterin, and the axonal marker neurofilament light protein (NFL) were analyzed with ELISA in
archived CSF samples from 120 HIV-infected individuals (85 untreated neuroasymptomatic patients, 7 with HIVassociated dementia, and 28 on effective ART) and 39 HIV-negative controls.
Results: CSF YKL-40 was significantly higher in patients with HIV-associated dementia compared to all other
groups. It was also higher in untreated neuroasymptomatic individuals with CD4 cell count < 350 compared to
controls. Significant correlations were found between CSF YKL-40 and age (r = 0.38, p < 0.001), CD4 (r = â 0.36, p < 0.
001), plasma HIV RNA (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), CSF HIV RNA (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), CSF neopterin (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), albumin
ratio (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), and CSF NFL (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Age, CD4 cell count, albumin ratio, and CSF HIV RNA were
found as independent predictors of CSF YKL-40 concentrations in multivariable analysis. In addition, CSF YKL-40 was
revealed as a strong independent predictor of CSF NFL together with age, CSF neopterin, and CD4 cell count.
Conclusions: CSF YKL-40 is a promising biomarker candidate for understanding the pathogenesis of HIV in the CNS.
The strong correlation between CSF YKL-40 and NFL suggests a pathogenic association between astroglial activation
and axonal injury, and implies its utility in assessing the prognostic value of YKL-40
Ljudbokens plats i klassrummet : En studie om hur ljudboken kan utveckla literacy hos elever
 Den empiriska studiens syfte Àr att undersöka ljudbokens plats i klassrummet och om ljudboken kan utveckla elevernas literacy. I studien observeras och intervjuas svensklÀrare i mellanstadiet som anvÀnder sig av ljudböcker i klassrummet. Datainsamlingen frÄn observationerna och intervjuerna har analyserats kvalitativt. I analysen kopplas det insamlade materialet till teorin New Literacy. Studiens resultat pÄvisar att lÀrare framför allt anvÀnder sig av ljudböcker som ett hjÀlpmedel för elever med lÀs- och skrivsvÄrigheter. Tidigare forskning visar att ljudboken kan bidra till utvecklingen av literacy hos elever i allmÀnhet, medan de lÀrare som tillfrÄgats i studien frÀmst anvÀnder ljudbok som ett hjÀlpmedel för elever med lÀs- och skrivsvÄrigheter. Dock menar de intervjuade lÀrarna att ljudboken Àr anvÀndbar i utvecklingen literacy hos elever i allmÀnhet, sÄ lÀnge den anvÀnds i kombination med tryckta böcker
Cultural heritage of waterways. Influence of public enquieries on the cultural environment with emphasis on hydroelectric power.
Waterways within the cultural heritage are the subject of this essay. The aim is to explore how the cultural environments among hydroelectric power stations are affected by environmental objectives with interests in biological diversity, natural assets and conservancy.
The starting point of this essay is based on the hypothesis that there is a lack of perspective in how cultural heritage are handled in the âVattenverksamhetsutredningenâ, a governmental enquiry about both new and changed legislation for water activities.
The essay is a survey about the cultural environments role in SOU 2013:69 âNy tid ny prövning â förslag till Ă€ndrade vattenrĂ€ttsliga reglerâ and SOU 2014:35 âI vĂ„tt och torrt â förslag till Ă€ndrade vattenrĂ€ttsliga reglerâ, which form the basis for new regulations.
To embody the subject of the essay, I have made a case study among hydroelectric power in the county of Halland, with focus on two power stations; Herting in the city of Falkenberg and Rydöbruk in the municipality of Hylte. These two objects was not chosen by the aim of similarity, but in order to indicate how cultural values are, or have been handled.
The implication, based on the material I have studied, is that a several of cultural environments among small hydroelectric power stations are being negatively affected by physical and economical changes, as a result of forthcoming new regulations.Uppsats för avlÀggande av filosofie kandidatexamen i
KulturvÄrd, Bebyggelseantikvariskt program
15 hp
Institutionen för kulturvÄrd
Göteborgs universitet
2015:2
How is employeeship experienced in an organisation with work flexibility : A qualitative study on how organizations handle work flexibility in harmony with employeeship
Genom digitaliseringen har fler och fler arbetsplatser implementerat naÌgon form av arbetsflexibilitet, dels foÌr att till exempel effektivisera verksamheten och dels foÌr att maÌnga maÌnniskor oÌnskar en stoÌrre flexibilitet i sitt arbete. Men vad haÌnder egentligen med medarbetarskapet, alltsaÌ relationen individen har till sig sjaÌlv, sitt arbete och sina medarbetare, naÌr en arbetsplats har stor flexibilitet och maÌnga kollegor till exempel arbetar hemifraÌn. En individs balans mellan arbete och fritid paÌverkas aÌven av moÌjligheterna att arbeta vart som helst, naÌr som helst. Denna kvalitativa studie har undersoÌkt och studerat tvaÌ olika enheter i samma organisation. FoÌr att faÌ en foÌrstaÌelse foÌr hur arbetsflexibiliteten paÌverkar medarbetarnas upplevelse av medarbetarskapet har en enhet med flexibilitet och en enhet utan flexibilitet studerats. Vidare syftar studien aÌven till att bidra till en stoÌrre foÌrstaÌelse foÌr hur dessa medarbetare upplever balans mellan arbete och privatliv. Studiens datainsamling bygger paÌ semistrukturerade intervjuer med tvaÌ enhetschefer och fem medarbetare. FortsaÌttningsvis har empirin analyserats och huvudsakligen har tre teman identifierats; engagemang och meningsfullhet, samarbete och gemenskap samt balans mellan arbete och fritid. NaÌgra av de fraÌmsta slutsatserna som framkommit genom studien var att enheten med mindre flexibilitet har ett betydligt starkare medarbetarskap aÌn den enhet med hoÌg arbetsflexibilitet. Slutsatsen visar aÌven att skapas det en obalans av att staÌndigt vara tillgaÌnglig foÌr att svara paÌ arbetsrelaterade fraÌgor, vilket i sin tur paÌverkar privatlivet negativt. Studien framfoÌr aÌven de vetenskapliga bidraget som gjorts och foÌrslagen som finns till framtida studier.Through digitization, more and more workplaces have implemented some form of work flexibility, partly to make the organization more efficient and partly because many people want a better flexibility in their work. But what really happens to the employeeship, the relationship the individual has to himself, his work and his employees, when a workplace has great flexibility and many colleagues, for example, work from home. An individual's balance between work and private life is also affected by the opportunities to work anywhere, anytime. This qualitative study has examined and studied two different units in the same organization. In order to gain an understanding of how work flexibility affects the employeeâs experience of employeeship, a unit with flexibility and a unit without flexibility has been studied. Furthermore, the study aims to contribute to a greater understanding of these employees experience balance between work and private life. The studyâs data collection is based on semi-structured interviews with two unit managers and five employees. The empirics have been analyzed and three themes have been identified; commitment and meaningfulness, cooperation and community and balance between work and private life. Some of the main conclusions that emerged from the study were that the unit with less flexibility has a significantly stronger employeeship than the unit with high work flexibility. The conclusion also shows that creating an imbalance of being constantly available to respond to work-related issues, which in turn negatively affects private life. The study also includes the scientific contributions that have been made and the proposals for future studies
Letâs Get Physical: Investigating How Social Movements Continuously Enable New Venture Creation & Vice Versa : A Theoretical Contribution to the External Enabler Framework for New Venture Creation in the Context of the Fitness Movement
This thesis presents an inductive, qualitative approach to exploring the connection between entrepreneurship and social movement theory in the context of the fitness movement. This was achieved by applying the External Enabler Framework for New Venture Creation which looks at how changes to the macro environment, such as sociocultural shifts, enable entrepreneurial processes by activating mechanisms on the venture level (Davidsson et al., 2020). A loop derived from social movement literature is implemented as a contribution to the framework that presents a perspective in which ventures not only are influenced by the social movement but also contribute to the movement's momentum. The loop was found to occur as ventures enlarge the scope of the social movement and thus change its characteristics. This insight provides two theoretical contributions. Firstly, the loop originating from social movement theory is better defined and explained. Secondly, the External Enabler Framework for New Venture Creation has been connected to the loop, which provides a more nuanced view of how social movements and ventures interrelate. This is deemed important since it helps us understand how social movements can grow with the influence of ventures and how this leads to the continuous enablement of new ventures