PROTECTIVE OR DESTRUCTIVE? INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENTRIFICATION AND CHILDHOOD HEALTH OUTCOMES

Gentrification is a wildly contentious, highly politicalized issue that some scholars view as beneficial and others view as harmful. Historically, public health researchers have studied several neighborhood effects on health but only recently has this research field evolved to include studies specifically looking at the health ramifications associated with this neighborhood-change process. This secondary analysis is one of the first studies to examine the effect neighborhood-level gentrification has on mental health status in a childhood and adolescent sample. Results find that no main effect exists between gentrification and mental health problems directly. However, a statistically significant interaction-- between gentrification and perceptions of community safety-- was discovered to increase the odds of having children with mental health problems for caregivers perceiving their gentrifying communities as safe. Future researchers should reattempt to unearth a similar interaction effect as well as determine if gentrification acts indirectly to compromise emotional health in childhood. Finally, the minority stress theory should be looked at as a potential model to frame the evidence being produced at the intersection of gentrification and mental health

Transcript of Interview With Mike Henson

An interview with Mike Henson by Chris Green discussing the early days of the Southern Appalachian Writers Cooperative

What causes the inverse relationship between primary production and export efficiency in the Southern Ocean?

The ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric CO2 levels, partly via variability in the fraction of primary production (PP) which is exported out of the surface layer (i.e. the e-ratio). Southern Ocean studies have found that, contrary to global scale analyses, an inverse relationship exists between e-ratio and PP. This relationship remains unexplained, with potential hypotheses being i) large export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in high PP areas, ii) strong surface microbial recycling in high PP regions and/ or iii) grazing mediated export varies inversely with PP. We find that the export of DOC has a limited influence in setting the negative e-ratio/PP relationship. However, we observed that at sites with low PP and high e-ratios, zooplankton mediated export is large and surface microbial abundance low suggesting that both are important drivers of the magnitude of the e-ratio in the Southern Ocean

Risk of cerebrovascular disease among 13,457 five‐year survivors of childhood cancer: a population based cohort study

Survivors of childhood cancer treated with cranial irradiation are at risk of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), but the risks beyond age 50 are unknown. In all, 13457 survivors of childhood cancer included in the population‐based British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data for England. Risk of CVD related hospitalisation was quantified by standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHRs), absolute excess risks and cumulative incidence. Overall, 315 (2.3%) survivors had been hospitalised at least once for CVD with a 4‐fold risk compared to that expected (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7‐4.3). Survivors of a central nervous system (CNS) tumour and leukaemia treated with cranial irradiation were at greatest risk of CVD (SHR = 15.6, 95% CI: 14.0‐17.4; SHR = 5.4; 95% CI: 4.5‐6.5, respectively). Beyond age 60, on average, 3.1% of CNS tumour survivors treated with cranial irradiation were hospitalised annually for CVD (0.4% general population). Cumulative incidence of CVD increased from 16.0% at age 50 to 26.0% at age 65 (general population: 1.4‐4.2%). In conclusion, among CNS tumour survivors treated with cranial irradiation, the risk of CVD continues to increase substantially beyond age 50 up to at least age 65. Such survivors should be: counselled regarding this risk; regularly monitored for hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes; advised on life‐style risk behaviours. Future research should include the recall for counselling and brain MRI to identify subgroups that could benefit from pharmacological or surgical intervention and establishment of a case‐control study to comprehensively determine risk‐factors for CVD

Examining links between dust deposition and phytoplankton response using ice cores

Dust is a major source of nutrients to remote ocean environments, influencing primary productivity (PP). Enhanced oceanic PP causes drawdown of atmospheric CO2 and is considered likely to be a driver of climate variability on glacial-interglacial timeframes. However, the scale of this relationship and its operation over shorter timescales remains uncertain, while it is unclear whether dust fertilisation, or other mechanisms, e.g. nutrient upwelling, are the primary driver of PP in high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) ocean regions. In this study, we demonstrate, using dust derived Fe and Methanesulfonic acid (a measure of ocean PP) deposition in ice cores from the South Atlantic (South Georgia Island) and North Pacific (Yukon), that PP is significantly correlated with Dust-Fe on both an event and annual scale. However, measuring the relationship between (dust) Fe fertilization and PP in high resolution ice cores is subject to a number of highly complex factors, which are discussed and together used to recommend future research directions. In conclusion, our research suggests that changes in aeolian Fe flux, due to climate change and human activity in dust source regions, could have significant implications for HNLC ocean PP and, therefore potentially, carbon sequestration

The Vehicle, 1967, Vol. 9 no. 2

Table of Contents Commentarypage 3 SketchAnn Butlerpage 4 I Take A Long-Out-of-Use BookAnthony Griggspage 5 The Leaf StemDianne Cochranpage 6 The Four MusketeersJim Courterpage 7 Status QuoAdrian Beardpage 7 SketchAnn Butlerpage 8 NocturneMike Baldwinpage 9 Oh Impatient HeartK. H. Shariffpage 9 Letter to a FianceeMaurice Snivelypage 10 Listen!Bonnie Blackpage 11 The Water\u27s EdgeStephen W. Gibbspage 12 TogetherDavid Reifpage 13 SketchAnn Butlerpage 14 Evening TimeSharon Nelsonpage 15 Japanese HaikuBev Hensonpage 15 Of Love and WarBruce Czeluscinskipage 16 Always AloneKib Voorheespage 17 the end of loveJackie Bratcherpage 18 1-20-66Sharon Nelsonpage 19 Blessed Are WeBonnie Marie Beckpage 19 The Time To LiveNeil Tracypage 20 Imminent AwakeningHelen Coxpage 21 The Dead Panther LairMolly J. Evanspage 21 Good SheepMike Tilfordpage 22 The Flame of LifeJacki Jacquespage 23 Then Arrives The Day Of DarkMolly J. Evanspage 23 Sketch: To love is to rememberAnn Butlerpage 24 Hidden RiversCharles J. Mertzpage 25 SilenceLinda G. Phillipspage 26 December - 1964Bonnie Blackpage 26 LoveHazel Thomaspage 27 To Praise A Good Man Neil Tracypage 28 Definitions \u2767Sharon Nelsonpage 29 To Wish Is a CrimeBonnie Marie Beckpage 30 College MadhatterMaurice Snivelypage 31 No. 8Sharon Nelsonpage 32 The Open FireSusan Williamspage 32https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1017/thumbnail.jp

Seasonal Phytoplankton Blooms in the North Atlantic Linked to the Overwintering Strategies of Copepods

The North Atlantic Ocean contains diverse patterns of seasonal phytoplankton blooms with distinct internal dynamics. We analyzed blooms using remotely-sensed chlorophyll a concentration data and change point statistics. The first bloom of the year began during spring at low latitudes and later in summer at higher latitudes. In regions where spring blooms occurred at high frequency (i. e., proportion of years that a bloom was detected), there was a negative correlation between bloom timing and duration, indicating that early blooms last longer. In much of the Northeast Atlantic, bloom development extended over multiple seasons resulting in peak chlorophyll concentrations in summer. Spring bloom start day was found to be positively correlated with a spring phenology index and showed both positive and negative correlations to sea surface temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation in different regions. Based on the characteristics of spring and summer blooms, the North Atlantic can be classified into two regions: a seasonal bloom region, with a well-defined bloom limited to a single season; and a multi-seasonal bloom region, with blooms extending over multiple seasons. These regions differed in the correlation between bloom start and duration with only the seasonal bloom region showing a significant, negative correlation. We tested the hypothesis that the near-surface springtime distribution of copepods that undergo diapause (Calanus finmarchicus, C. helgolandicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus) may contribute to the contrast in bloom development between the two regions. Peak near-surface spring abundance of the late stages of these Calanoid copepods was generally associated with areas having a well-defined seasonal bloom, implying a link between bloom shape and their abundance. We suggest that either grazing is a factor in shaping the seasonal bloom or bloom shape determines whether a habitat is conducive to diapause, while recognizing that both factors can re-enforce each other

Seasonal Phytoplankton Blooms in the North Atlantic Linked to the Overwintering Strategies of Copepods

The North Atlantic Ocean contains diverse patterns of seasonal phytoplankton blooms with distinct internal dynamics. We analyzed blooms using remotely-sensed chlorophyll a concentration data and change point statistics. The first bloom of the year began during spring at low latitudes and later in summer at higher latitudes. In regions where spring blooms occurred at high frequency (i. e., proportion of years that a bloom was detected), there was a negative correlation between bloom timing and duration, indicating that early blooms last longer. In much of the Northeast Atlantic, bloom development extended over multiple seasons resulting in peak chlorophyll concentrations in summer. Spring bloom start day was found to be positively correlated with a spring phenology index and showed both positive and negative correlations to sea surface temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation in different regions. Based on the characteristics of spring and summer blooms, the North Atlantic can be classified into two regions: a seasonal bloom region, with a well-defined bloom limited to a single season; and a multi-seasonal bloom region, with blooms extending over multiple seasons. These regions differed in the correlation between bloom start and duration with only the seasonal bloom region showing a significant, negative correlation. We tested the hypothesis that the near-surface springtime distribution of copepods that undergo diapause (Calanus finmarchicus, C. helgolandicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus) may contribute to the contrast in bloom development between the two regions. Peak near-surface spring abundance of the late stages of these Calanoid copepods was generally associated with areas having a well-defined seasonal bloom, implying a link between bloom shape and their abundance. We suggest that either grazing is a factor in shaping the seasonal bloom or bloom shape determines whether a habitat is conducive to diapause, while recognizing that both factors can re-enforce each other

Neurologic Factors in Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction affects both men and women, involving organic disorders, psychological problems, or both. Overall, the state of our knowledge is less advanced regarding female sexual physiology in comparison with male sexual function. Female sexual dysfunction has received little clinical and basic research attention and remains a largely untapped field in medicine. The epidemiology of female sexual dysfunction is poorly understood because relatively few studies have been done in community settings. In the United States, female sexual dysfunction has been estimated to affect 40% of women in the general population. Among the elderly, however, it has been reported that up to 87% of women complain of sexual dissatisfaction. Several studies have shown that the prevalence of female sexual arousal disorders correlates significantly with increasing age. These studies have shown that sexual arousal and frequency of coitus in the female decreases with increasing age. The pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction appears more complex than that of males, involving multidimensional hormonal, neurological, vascular, psychological, and interpersonal aspects. Organic female sexual disorders may include a wide variety of vascular, neural, or neurovascular factors that lead to problems with libido, lubrication, and orgasm. However, the precise etiology and mechanistic pathways of age-related female sexual arousal disorders are yet to be determined. In the past two decades, some advances have been made in exploring the basic hemodynamics and neuroregulation of female sexual function and dysfunction in both animal models and in human studies. In this review, we summarize neural regulation of sexual function and neurological causes of sexual dysfunction in women