1,327 research outputs found
Clustering, host halos and environment of z2 galaxies as a function of their physical properties
Using a sample of 25683 star-forming and 2821 passive galaxies at ,
selected in the COSMOS field following the BzK color criterion, we study the
hosting halo mass and environment of galaxies as a function of their physical
properties. Spitzer and Herschel provide accurate SFR estimates for starburst
galaxies. We measure the auto- and cross-correlation functions of various
galaxy sub-samples and infer the properties of their hosting halos using both
an HOD model and the linear bias at large scale. We find that passive and
star-forming galaxies obey a similarly rising relation between the halo and
stellar mass. The mean host halo mass of star forming galaxies increases with
the star formation rate between 30 and 200 M.yr, but flattens
for higher values, except if we select only main-sequence galaxies. This
reflects the expected transition from a regime of secular co-evolution of the
halos and the galaxies to a regime of episodic starburst. We find similar large
scale biases for main-sequence, passive, and starburst galaxies at equal
stellar mass, suggesting that these populations live in halos of the same mass.
We detect an excess of clustering on small scales for passive galaxies and
showed, by measuring the large-scale bias of close pairs, that this excess is
caused by a small fraction () of passive galaxies being hosted by
massive halos ( M) as satellites. Finally,
extrapolating the growth of halos hosting the z2 population, we show that
M M galaxies at z2 will evolve, on average,
into massive (M M), field galaxies in the local
Universe and M M galaxies at z=2 into local,
massive, group galaxies. The most massive main-sequence galaxies and close
pairs of massive, passive galaxies end up in today's clusters.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures, Accepted by A&
The Solar Neighborhood. XXXIX. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI and NOFS Programs: 50 New Members of the 25 Parsec White Dwarf Sample
We present 114 trigonometric parallaxes for 107 nearby white dwarf (WD)
systems from both the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax
Investigation (CTIOPI) and the U. S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station (NOFS)
parallax programs. Of these, 76 parallaxes for 69 systems were measured by the
CTIOPI program and 38 parallaxes for as many systems were measured by the NOFS
program. A total of 50 systems are confirmed to be within the 25 pc horizon of
interest. Coupled with a spectroscopic confirmation of a common proper motion
companion to a Hipparcos star within 25 pc as well as confirmation parallax
determinations for two WD systems included in the recently released Tycho Gaia
Astrometric Solution (TGAS) catalog, we add 53 new systems to the 25 pc WD
sample a 42% increase. Our sample presented here includes four strong
candidate halo systems, a new metal-rich DAZ WD, a confirmation of a recently
discovered nearby short-period (P = 2.85 hr) double degenerate, a WD with a new
astrometric pertubation (long period, unconstrained with our data), and a new
triple system where the WD companion main-sequence star has an astrometric
perturbation (P 1.6 yr).Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures. Figure 4 in the manuscript is a representative
set of plots - plots for all WDs presented here are available
(allfits_photo.pdf, allfits_photo_DQ.pdf, and allfits_photo_DZ.pdf). Accepted
for publication in The Astronomical Journa
Combined XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS, and Raman Analyses on Serpentinized Harzburgite (Nickel Laterite Mine, New Caledonia): Implications for Exploration and Geometallurgy
International audienceDifferent techniques have been combined to determine the crystallography and the chemical composition of serpentinized harzburgite sampled in a drill core coming from the lower part of the New Caledonia ophiolite. Specifically, this serpentinized harzburgite is the common bedrock of most of the nickel laterite mines in New Caledonia. Most of the minerals present in serpentinized harzburgite were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and XRD. In this study, Raman spectroscopy has been applied for the first time to estimate the nickel content in lizardite, forsterite, talc, and goethite. The analyses confirm that the major serpentine minerals show two varieties: (1) Ni-bearing lizardite and (2) Ni-free lizardite. Furthermore, Ni-rich forsterite, enstatite, Ni-rich talc, sepiolite, periclase (MgO), and quartz were detected. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy evidence minor phases not detected by XRD: anatase, rutile, pyrite, hematite, chromite, magnesiochromite, and Ni-rich goethite. Our results show that the Ni substitution is only present in lizardite exhibiting turbostratic-stacking disorder. This finding has potential for being used as an exploration tool using short-wave-infrared spectroscopy online or as a portable instrument, and for defining geometallurgical parameters for processing these complex ores
Clustering Properties of restframe UV selected galaxies II: Migration of Star Formation sites with cosmic time from GALEX and CFHTLS
We analyze the clustering properties of ultraviolet selected galaxies by
using GALEX-SDSS data at z<0.6 and CFHTLS deep u' imaging at z=1. These
datasets provide a unique basis at z< 1 which can be directly compared with
high redshift samples built with similar selection criteria. We discuss the
dependence of the correlation function parameters (r0, delta) on the
ultraviolet luminosity as well as the linear bias evolution. We find that the
bias parameter shows a gradual decline from high (b > 2) to low redshift (b ~
0.79^{+0.1}_{-0.08}). When accounting for the fraction of the star formation
activity enclosed in the different samples, our results suggest that the bulk
of star formation migrated from high mass dark matter halos at z>2 (10^12 <
M_min < 10^13 M_sun, located in high density regions), to less massive halos at
low redshift (M_min < 10^12 M_sun, located in low density regions). This result
extends the ``downsizing'' picture (shift of the star formation activity from
high stellar mass systems at high z to low stellar mass at low z) to the dark
matter distribution.Comment: Accepted for Publication in the Special GALEX Ap. J. Supplement,
December 2007 Version with full resolution fig1 available at
http://taltos.pha.jhu.edu/~sebastien/papers/Galex_p2.ps.g
Deep forecasting of translational impact in medical research
The value of biomedical research--a $1.7 trillion annual investment--is
ultimately determined by its downstream, real-world impact. Current objective
predictors of impact rest on proxy, reductive metrics of dissemination, such as
paper citation rates, whose relation to real-world translation remains
unquantified. Here we sought to determine the comparative predictability of
future real-world translation--as indexed by inclusion in patents, guidelines
or policy documents--from complex models of the abstract-level content of
biomedical publications versus citations and publication meta-data alone. We
develop a suite of representational and discriminative mathematical models of
multi-scale publication data, quantifying predictive performance out-of-sample,
ahead-of-time, across major biomedical domains, using the entire corpus of
biomedical research captured by Microsoft Academic Graph from 1990 to 2019,
encompassing 43.3 million papers across all domains. We show that citations are
only moderately predictive of translational impact as judged by inclusion in
patents, guidelines, or policy documents. By contrast, high-dimensional models
of publication titles, abstracts and metadata exhibit high fidelity (AUROC >
0.9), generalise across time and thematic domain, and transfer to the task of
recognising papers of Nobel Laureates. The translational impact of a paper
indexed by inclusion in patents, guidelines, or policy documents can be
predicted--out-of-sample and ahead-of-time--with substantially higher fidelity
from complex models of its abstract-level content than from models of
publication meta-data or citation metrics. We argue that content-based models
of impact are superior in performance to conventional, citation-based measures,
and sustain a stronger evidence-based claim to the objective measurement of
translational potential
Differences in BVOC oxidation and SOA formation above and below the forest canopy
Gas-phase biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are oxidized in the troposphere to produce secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3), organic nitrates (RONO2), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Two coupled zero-dimensional models have been used to investigate differences in oxidation and SOA production from isoprene and α-pinene, especially with respect to the nitrate radical (NO3), above and below a forest canopy in rural Michigan. In both modeled environments (above and below the canopy), NO3 mixing ratios are relatively small (< 0.5 pptv); however, daytime (08:00–20:00 LT) mixing ratios below the canopy are 2 to 3 times larger than those above. As a result of this difference, NO3 contributes 12 % of total daytime α-pinene oxidation below the canopy while only contributing 4 % above. Increasing background pollutant levels to simulate a more polluted suburban or peri-urban forest environment increases the average contribution of NO3 to daytime below-canopy α-pinene oxidation to 32 %. Gas-phase RONO2 produced through NO3 oxidation undergoes net transport upward from the below-canopy environment during the day, and this transport contributes up to 30 % of total NO3-derived RONO2 production above the canopy in the morning (∼ 07:00). Modeled SOA mass loadings above and below the canopy ultimately differ by less than 0.5 µg m−3, and extremely low-volatility organic compounds dominate SOA composition. Lower temperatures below the canopy cause increased partitioning of semi-volatile gas-phase products to the particle phase and up to 35 % larger SOA mass loadings of these products relative to above the canopy in the model. Including transport between above- and below-canopy environments increases above-canopy NO3-derived α-pinene RONO2 SOA mass by as much as 45 %, suggesting that below-canopy chemical processes substantially influence above-canopy SOA mass loadings, especially with regard to monoterpene-derived RONO2
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Comparing serial X-ray crystallography and microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) as methods for routine structure determination from small macromolecular crystals.
Innovative new crystallographic methods are facilitating structural studies from ever smaller crystals of biological macromolecules. In particular, serial X-ray crystallography and microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) have emerged as useful methods for obtaining structural information from crystals on the nanometre to micrometre scale. Despite the utility of these methods, their implementation can often be difficult, as they present many challenges that are not encountered in traditional macromolecular crystallography experiments. Here, XFEL serial crystallography experiments and MicroED experiments using batch-grown microcrystals of the enzyme cyclophilin A are described. The results provide a roadmap for researchers hoping to design macromolecular microcrystallography experiments, and they highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods. Specifically, we focus on how the different physical conditions imposed by the sample-preparation and delivery methods required for each type of experiment affect the crystal structure of the enzyme
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