17 research outputs found

    Customized tracheal design using 3D printing of a polymer hydrogel: influence of UV laser cross-linking on mechanical properties

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    H2020-ICT-2014-1,TransFlexTeg645241 ERC-CoG-2014, CapTherPV, 647596 Pest-UID/FIS/00068/2013The use of 3D printing of hydrogels as a cell support in bio-printing of cartilage, organs and tissue has attracted much research interest. For cartilage applications, hydrogels as soft materials must show some degree of rigidity, which can be achieved by photo- or chemical polymerization. In this work, we combined chemical and UV laser polymeric cross-linkage to control the mechanical properties of 3D printed hydrogel blends. Since there are few studies on UV laser cross-linking combined with 3D printing of hydrogels, the work here reported offered many challenges.publishe

    Genetic information improves the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events in the GENEMACOR population

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    The inclusion of a genetic risk score (GRS) can modify the risk prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD), providing an advantage over the use of traditional models. The predictive value of the genetic information on the recurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remains controversial. A total of 33 genetic variants previously associated with CAD were genotyped in 1587 CAD patients from the GENEMACOR study. Of these, 18 variants presented an hazard ratio >1, so they were selected to construct a weighted GRS (wGRS). MACE discrimination and reclassification were evaluated by C-Statistic, Net Reclassification Index and Integrated Discrimination Improvement methodologies. After the addition of wGRS to traditional predictors, the C-index increased from 0.566 to 0.572 (p=0.0003). Subsequently, adding wGRS to traditional plus clinical risk factors, this model slightly improved from 0.620 to 0.622 but with statistical significance (p=0.004). NRI showed that 17.9% of the cohort was better reclassified when the primary model was associated with wGRS. The Kaplan-Meier estimator showed that, at 15-year follow-up, the group with a higher number of risk alleles had a significantly higher MACE occurrence (p=0.011). In CAD patients, wGRS improved MACE risk prediction, discrimination and reclassification over the conventional factors, providing better cost-effective therapeutic strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Synergistic Association of Genetic Variants with Environmental Risk Factors in Susceptibility to Essential Hypertension

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    Essential hypertension (EH) is a disease in which both environment and genes have an important role. This study was designed to identify the interaction model between genetic variants and environmental risk factors that most highly potentiates EH development.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Relationship between ADD1 Gly460Trp gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Madeira Island

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    Essential hypertension (EH) is a complex disease in which physiological, environmental, and genetic factors are involved in its genesis. The genetic variant of the alpha-adducin gene (ADD1) has been described as a risk factor for EH, but with controversial results.The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of ADD1 (Gly460Trp) gene polymorphism with the EH risk in a population from Madeira Island.A case-control study with 1614 individuals of Caucasian origin was performed, including 817 individuals with EH and 797 controls. Cases and controls were matched for sex and age, by frequency-matching method. All participants collected blood for biochemical and genotypic analysis for the Gly460Trp polymorphism. We further investigated which variables were independently associated to EH, and, consequently, analyzed their interactions.In our study, we found a significant association between the ADD1 gene polymorphism and EH (odds ratio 2.484, P = .01). This association remained statistically significant after the multivariate analysis (odds ratio 2.548, P = .02).The ADD1 Gly460Trp gene polymorphism is significantly and independently associated with EH risk in our population. The knowledge of genetic polymorphisms associated with EH is of paramount importance because it leads to a better understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of this pathology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Impact of genetic information on Coronary Disease risk in Madeira: The GENEMACOR study

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    Copyright © 2022. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, 10.1016/j.repc.2022.10.005. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.proofepub_ahead_of_prin

    The GENEMACOR study

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    Copyright © 2022 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease (CAD), characterized by an atherogenic process in the coronary arteries, is one of the leading causes of death in Madeira. The GENEMACOR (GENEs in MAdeira and CORonary Disease) study sought to investigate the main risk factors - environmental and genetic - and estimate whether a genetic risk score (GRS) improves CAD prediction, discrimination and reclassification. METHODS: Traditional risk factors and 33 CAD genetic variants were considered in a case-control study with 3139 individuals (1723 patients and 1416 controls). The multivariate analysis assessed the likelihood of CAD. A multiplicative GRS (mGRS) was created, and two models (with and without mGRS) were prepared. Two areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve (AUC)) were analyzed and compared to discriminate CAD likelihood. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination index (IDI) were used to reclassify the population. RESULTS: All traditional risk factors were strong and independent predictors of CAD, with smoking being the most significant (OR 3.25; p<0.0001). LPA rs3798220 showed a higher CAD likelihood (odds ratio 1.45; p<0.0001). Individuals in the fourth mGRS quartile had an increased CAD probability of 136% (p<0.0001). A traditional risk factor-based model estimated an AUC of 0.73, rising to 0.75 after mGRS inclusion (p<0.0001), revealing a better fit. Continuous NRI better reclassified 28.1% of the population, and categorical NRI mainly improved the reclassification of the intermediate risk group. CONCLUSIONS: CAD likelihood was influenced by traditional risk factors and genetic variants. Incorporating GRS into the traditional model improved CAD predictive capacity, discrimination and reclassification. These approaches may provide helpful diagnostic and therapeutic advances, especially in the intermediate risk group.publishersversionpublishe

    Polimorfismos Genéticos e MACE

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    Vários estudos têm avaliado, com resultados por vezes contraditórios, os polimorfismos genéticos associados ao aparecimento de doença das artérias coronárias (DAC). Por outro lado, desconhecem-se os polimorfismos associados ao aparecimento de complicações “major” após o diagnóstico desta doença. MÉTODOS: Em 1549 doentes com Doença coronária epicárdica significativa (>50% em pelo menos um vaso), com idade média 53,3 ± 8,0 e 79,1% do sexo masculino, com seguimento médio de 55,4 meses, determinaram-se os com MACE (necessidade de revascularização após o acidente índex, EAM, AVC, Insuficiência Cardíaca e Mortalidade de causa cardiovascular). Analisou-se depois, por estudo de casos (doentes com MACE) e controlos (doentes sem MACE), os polimorfismos genéticos, eventualmente ligados ao aparecimento de MACE. RESULTADOS: 466 dos doentes (30,1%) tiveram eventos secundários durante o seguimento. Os factores genéticos que se associaram significativamente com a ocorrência de MACE após a alta com o diagnóstico de EAM, foram TCF21 CG+CC (OR=1,538; IC (1,015 – 2,331); p=0,041), IGF2BP2 TT (OR=1,433; IC (1,012 – 2,028); p=0,042), HNF4A GG, (OR=0,206; IC (0,063 – 0,676); p=0,004), PON 192 QQ (OR=1,312; IC (1,055 – 1,631); p=0,015) e Locus 9p21 CC (OR=1,304; IC (1,037 – 1,640); p=0,023). Todos os outros polimorfismos não apresentaram relação com o aparecimento de complicações “major” após o enfarte do miocárdio. Na análise multivariada, apenas o gene HNF4A GG manteve a significância estatística, com OR = 0,185; p=0,005. Conclusões: o presente trabalho realça a possibilidade dos polimorfismos genéticos poderem não só prever o aparecimento de DAC, mas também o aparecimento das suas complicações. Refira-se que, em alguns casos, factores genéticos descritos como levando ao aparecimento de doença das coronárias podem não ser muito agressivos e ser protectores, mesmo em análise multivariada, em relação às suas complicações (HNF4A GG, com OR=0,185; p=0,005).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    The genetic variant C825T of the beta 3 subunit of G protein is associated with hypertension in a Portuguese population

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    Hypertension is an important public health problem, affecting about 25% of the adult population worldwide.1 Genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. The T allele of the C825T polymorphism of the beta 3 subunit of G protein (rs5443) leads to the production of a truncated variant that enhances intracellular signaling and may interfere with the regulation of blood pressure. This genetic variant has been described as a risk factor for hypertension, although study results are controversial.Introduc¸ão: A hipertensão arterial é um problema de Saúde Pública, afeta 25% da populac¸ão adulta mundial. Fatores genéticos e ambientais contribuem para a sua patogénese. O polimorfismo C825T da subunidade 3 da Proteína G (rs5443) favorece a produc¸ão de uma variante alternativa, truncada, que facilita a sinalizac¸ão intracelular, pode interferir na regulac¸ão da pressão arterial. Essa variante genética tem sido descrita como um fator de risco para a hipertensão arterial, com resultados controversos. Objetivo: Avaliar a associac¸ão do polimorfismo C825T do gene GN3 com o aparecimento de hipertensão arterial, numa populac¸ão portuguesa do Arquipélago da Madeira. Métodos: Com uma amostra de 1641 indivíduos (média de 50,6 ± 8,1 anos), fizemos um estudo caso-controlo com 848 indivíduos com hipertensão arterial e 793 controlos, ajustados para o sexo e a idade. Todos os participantes colheram sangue para análises bioquímicas e foram genotipados para o polimorfismo C825T. Foi feita uma regressão logística para ver quais as variáveis que se relacionam com a hipertensão arterial. A análise dos dados foi feita com o software estatístico SPSS, versão 19.0. Usamos como limiar de significância o valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: Encontramos uma associac¸ão significativa entre o polimorfismo C825T e o aparecimento de hipertensão arterial (odds ratio = 1,275; IC 95% (1,042---1,559); p = 0,018) no modelo dominante, após análise multivariada. Conclusão: O polimorfismo C825T da subnidade 3 da Proteína G está associado, de forma significativa e independente, com o aparecimento hipertensão arterial na nossa populac¸ão.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Polimorfismos Genéticos Associados ao Aparecimento de Hipertensão Arterial Numa População Portuguesa

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    Introdução: A hipertensão arterial é uma doença complexa, multifatorial, controlada por fatores genéticos e ambientais. Objetivo: Avaliar a susceptibilidade genética no aparecimento de hipertensão arterial e sua associação com os fatores de risco tradicionais na eclosão desta patologia. Material e Métodos: Estudo caso-controlo com 1712 indivíduos, idade média de 51,0 ± 7,9 anos (860 hipertensos e 852 controlos). Avaliaram-se os fatores tradicionais, bioquímicos e as variantes genéticas: ACE I/D rs4340, ACE A2350G rs4343, AGT T174M rs4762, AGT M235T rs699 AGTR1 A1166C rs5186, CYP11B2 -344 C/T rs1799998, ADRB1 R389G rs1801253, ADRB2 R16G rs1042713, ADD1 G460W rs4961, SCNN1G G173A rs5718, GNB3 C825T rs5443, ATP2B1 A/G rs2681472, CYP17A1 T/C rs11191548, SLC4A2 C/T rs2303934. Calculámos o risco de cada gene para a hipertensão, pelos modelos dominante, recessivo, co-dominante e multiplicativo. Através da regressão logística, avaliámos as variáveis associadas à hipertensão. Elaboraram-se curvas ROC com os fatores tradicionais e posteriormente adicionando as variantes genéticas associadas com hipertensão. Analisámos os dados através do SPSS for Windows 19.0 e MedCalc v. 13.3.3.0. Resultados: As variantes genéticas ADD1 G460W, GNB3 C825T, ACE I/D e ACE A2350G associaram-se à hipertensão. A curva ROC com os factores de risco tradicionais e estas variantes mostrou um incremento na capacidade preditiva de hipertensão (p = 0,018). Discussão: Segundo os resultados do nosso estudo as variantes genéticas que após análise univariada se associaram à hipertensão arterial foram a ACE I/D rs4340, ACE A2350G rs4343, ADD1 G460W rs4961, GNB3 C825T rs5443. As duas primeiras variantes relacionam-se com a hipertensão arterial por interferirem no sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, que tem um importante papel na regulação da pressão arterial. Salienta-se o facto dos genes que codificam os componentes do sistema renina-angiotensinaaldosterona serem candidatos naturais ao desenvolvimento e progressão da hipertensão arterial. Também na nossa população os polimorfismos da alfa-aducina (ADD1 G460W rs4961), associaram-se à hipertensão arterial. Nesta população portuguesa, conhecida por ter elevado consumo de sal, faz sentido que estes polimorfismos, sejam relevantes na gestão do sal e da água e consequentemente, no aparecimento de hipertensão arterial. A variante genética GNB3 C825T rs5443 que interfere na sinalização intracelular também constituiu uma forte candidata à hipertensão arterial. Com a elaboração da curva ROC e cálculo das AUC inicialmente só com os fatores de risco tradicionais e posteriormente adicionando as variantes ADD1 G460W, GNB3 C825T, ACE I/D e ACE A2350G aos fatores de risco tradicionais, verificámos ter havido um incremento no risco preditivo de hipertensão arterial, relativamente ao existente só com os fatores de risco tradicionais, com significado estatístico (p = 0,018). Isto sugere que a hipertensão arterial é uma doença multifatorial, que resulta da interação de fatores ambientais, genéticos e estilos de vida que interagem entre si e levam ao aparecimento desta importante patologia. Conclusão: No nosso estudo os polimorfismos associados à hipertensão, estão ligados ao eixo renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (ACE I/D, ACE A2350G), bem como à gestão de sal e água (ADD1 G460W, GNB3 C825T). Através de uma análise multivariada, concluiu-se que estas duas últimas variantes genéticas conjuntamente com quatro dos fatores tradicionais (tabagismo, hábitos alcoólicos, obesidade e diabetes) se associam de forma significativa e independente à hipertensão arterial essencial. Num modelo preditivo de hipertensão arterial, a introdução das variantes genéticas aumenta ligeiramente o valor preditivo do modelo

    Genetic Risk Analysis of Coronary Artery Disease in a Population-based Study in Portugal, Using a Genetic Risk Score of 31 Variants

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    Abstract Background: Genetic risk score can quantify individual’s predisposition to coronary artery disease; however, its usefulness as an independent risk predictor remains inconclusive. Objective: To evaluate the incremental predictive value of a genetic risk score to traditional risk factors associated with coronary disease. Methods: Thirty-three genetic variants previously associated with coronary disease were analyzed in a case-control population with 2,888 individuals. A multiplicative genetic risk score was calculated and then divided into quartiles, with the 1st quartile as the reference class. Coronary risk was determined by logistic regression analysis. Then, a second logistic regression was performed with traditional risk factors and the last quartile of the genetic risk score. Based on this model, two ROC curves were constructed with and without the genetic score and compared by the Delong test. Statistical significance was considered when p values were less than 0.05. Results: The last quartile of the multiplicative genetic risk score revealed a significant increase in coronary artery disease risk (OR = 2.588; 95% CI: 2.090-3.204; p < 0.0001). The ROC curve based on traditional risk factors estimated an AUC of 0.72, which increased to 0.74 when the genetic risk score was added, revealing a better fit of the model (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: In conclusion, a multilocus genetic risk score was associated with an increased risk for coronary disease in our population. The usual model of traditional risk factors can be improved by incorporating genetic data
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