Karakteristik Dan Hasil Uji Marshall Aspal Termodifikasi Dengan Karet Alam Terdepolimerisasi Sebagai Aditif

Aspal termodifikasi polimer merupakan salah satu jenis formula aspal dengan penambahan polimer untuk mendapatkan sifat perkerasan jalan yang lebih baik, yaitu mengurangi deformasi pada perkerasan, meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap retak dan kelekatan pada agregat. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan karet alam SIR 20 terdepolimerisasi sebagai aditif pada aspal dengan konsentrasi 3%, 5%, dan 7% b/b. Dari hasil pengujian penetrasi, titik lembek, titik nyala, dan % kehilangan berat setelah pemanasan didapatkan konsentrasi terbaik, yaitu 5%. Data hasil uji Marshall yang terdiri dari stabilitas, pelelehan, stabilitas sisa setelah perendaman, dan hasil bagi Marshall berturut-turut adalah 1135,46 kg, 3,47 mm, 91,78%, dan 327,22 kg/mm. Nilai tersebut telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI untuk aspal polimer (SNI 06-2489-91) dan memiliki sifat yang lebih baik daripada aspal tanpa penambahan aditif (kontrol). Diterima : 17 November 2014; Direvisi : 29 Januari 2015; Disetujui : 7 Mei 2015 How to Cite : Prastanto, H., Cifriadi, A., & Ramadhan, A. (2015). Karakteristik dan hasil uji marshall aspal termodifikasi dengan karet alam terdepolimerisasi sebagai aditif. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 75-82. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/17

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Genetics of complex disease

To find true genetic associations in complex diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis, is a difficult task. Both are polygenetic diseases where it is believed that genetic variation in several genes make up their phenotypes. In addition, the environment of the affected individuals also play an important role, further obscuring eventual associations. Today most genetic association studies of polygenetic disease perform tests on the whole-genome level, but this has not always been the case. By 2012 a total of 56 genetic association studies had been published in allergic rhinitis and by 2013 a total of 27 studies in chronic rhinosinusitis. In but a few exceptions, all studies of the two diseases targeted candidate genes in small case and control groups. Replication attempts of significant associations from previous studies has shown some promise by pointing out more likely candidates. However, these associations do not explain the heritability of the studied diseases to any great extent. To find this missing heritability researchers have to look beyond common variants and instead focus on other potential targets. Re-sequencing studies of candidate genes could find rare variants with much higher effects sizes and studies of RNA and proteins should also prove to be helpful. New technologies and advances in molecular biology are looking promising but it is still hard to interpret all the new data. Polygenetic disorders are hard to study, low effect sizes makes novel candidate genes hard to discover. However, it is a numbers game, as more and more studies are made, more information will be available and eventually the genetic component, however big or small it is, of complex diseases will be solved

Energy Consumption of Behavioral Software Design Patterns

The environmental and economic implications of the increase in Information and Communication Technology energy consumption have become a topic of research in energy efficiency. Most studies focus on the energy estimation and optimization of lower tiers of the hardware and software infrastructures. However, the software itself is an indirect driver of energy consumption, therefore, its energy implications can be to some extent controlled by the software design. Software design patterns belong to high-level software abstractions that represent solutions to common design problems. Since patterns define the structure and behavior of software components, their application may come at energy efficiency costs that are not obvious to the software developers. The existing body of knowledge on energy consumption of software design patterns contains a number of gaps, some of which are addressed within the scope of this thesis project. More specifically, we conducted a series of experiments on the estimation of energy consumption of Visitor and Observer/Listener patterns within the context of non-trivial data parsing in Python. Furthermore, we considered a Patternless alternative for the same task. Additionally, our measurements include runtime duration and memory consumption. The results show that the Visitor pattern led to the largest energy consumption, followed by Observer/Listener and finally the Patternless version. We found a strong relationship between runtime duration and energy consumption, thus coming to the conclusion that the longest-running pattern is the most energy-consuming one. The findings of the current study can be beneficial for Python software developers interested in the energy implications of software design patterns

Energy Consumption of Behavioral Software Design Patterns

The environmental and economic implications of the increase in Information and Communication Technology energy consumption have become a topic of research in energy efficiency. Most studies focus on the energy estimation and optimization of lower tiers of the hardware and software infrastructures. However, the software itself is an indirect driver of energy consumption, therefore, its energy implications can be to some extent controlled by the software design. Software design patterns belong to high-level software abstractions that represent solutions to common design problems. Since patterns define the structure and behavior of software components, their application may come at energy efficiency costs that are not obvious to the software developers. The existing body of knowledge on energy consumption of software design patterns contains a number of gaps, some of which are addressed within the scope of this thesis project. More specifically, we conducted a series of experiments on the estimation of energy consumption of Visitor and Observer/Listener patterns within the context of non-trivial data parsing in Python. Furthermore, we considered a Patternless alternative for the same task. Additionally, our measurements include runtime duration and memory consumption. The results show that the Visitor pattern led to the largest energy consumption, followed by Observer/Listener and finally the Patternless version. We found a strong relationship between runtime duration and energy consumption, thus coming to the conclusion that the longest-running pattern is the most energy-consuming one. The findings of the current study can be beneficial for Python software developers interested in the energy implications of software design patterns

Replication study of genetic variants associated with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis

Not all network applications can make do with the best-effort service of the original Internet design. Many new applications, Including multimedia and mission-critical ones, require a certain level of service from the network to operate properly. The difficulty of finding such preferential paths is compounded by the intrinsic inaccuracies of the network state information maintained by the nodes that have to make such decisions. We choose a stochastic framework to select paths for applications that want more cooperation from the network to operate satisfactorily. We represent the stochasticity of links by means of a new composite metric composed of an interval with a lower and upper bound and an associated probability. The interpretation and relevance of our metric is such that in the next decision time period the expected value of the resource is between the upper and the lower bound with the associated probability. Simple and straightforward methods of computing our composite metric are presented. An algorithm, called Augmented-Dijkstra, with the same complexity as the standard Dijkstra, provides an effective solution for statistical bandwidth guarantees. Simulation results evaluate and confirm the effectiveness of our approach. ©2006 IEEE.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Replication of genomewide associations with allergic sensitization And allergic rhinitis

Background: Three genomewide metastudies have recently reported associations with self-reported allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitization. The three studies together identified a set of 37 loci but showed low concordance. This study investigates the reproducibility of the detected single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in an extensively characterized longitudinal cohort, BAMSE. Methods: Phenotypic evaluation of allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic sensitization was performed on 2153 children from BAMSE at 8 and 16 years of age. Allele frequencies of 39 SNPs were investigated for association with the exact allergic phenotypes of the metastudies. Odds ratios and false discovery rates were calculated, and the impact of asthma was evaluated. The cases were also evaluated for age at onset effects ( 8 years of age). Results: Association tests of the 39 SNPs identified 12 SNPs with P-values <0.05 and Q-values <0.10. Two of the four loci (TLR6-TLR1 and HLA-DQA1-HLA-DQB1) identified in all three original studies were also identified in this study. Three SNPs located in the TLR6-TLR1 locus had the lowest P-values and Q-values <0.1 when using a well-defined AR phenotype. Two loci showed significant age at onset effects, but the effect of asthma on the associations was very limited. Conclusion: The TLR6-TLR1 locus is likely to have a central role in the development of allergic disease. The association between genetic variation in the SSTR1-MIPOL1 and TSLP-SLC25A46 loci and age at onset is the first report of age at onset effects in allergic rhinitis

Characterization of genetic variation in TLR8 in relation to allergic rhinitis.

A previous investigation of all 10 TLR-genes for associations with allergic rhinitis (AR) detected a number of significant SNPs in the TLR8 locus. The associations indicated that an accumulation of rare variants could explain the signal. The present study therefore searches for rare variants in the TLR8 region and also investigates the reproducibility of previous SNP associations

Comparison of variants found in 310 CRS patients and 379 EUR background population controls from the 1000Genomes project.

<p>Circles denote synonymous mutations and stars denote missense mutations. Intron 1 has been shortened by 3.5 kb to increase resolution.</p