2,167 research outputs found
Properties of galaxy dark matter halos from weak lensing
We present the results of a study of weak lensing by galaxies based on 45.5
deg of band imaging data from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS).
We present the first weak lensing detection of the flattening of galaxy dark
matter halos. We use a simple model in which the ellipticity of the halo is
times the observed ellipticity of the lens. We find a best fit value of
, suggesting that the dark matter halos are somewhat
rounder than the light distribution. The fact that we detect a significant
flattening implies that the halos are well aligned with the light distribution.
Given the average ellipticity of the lenses, this implies a halo ellipticity of
, in fair agreement with results from
numerical simulations of CDM. This result provides strong support for the
existence of dark matter, as an isotropic lensing signal is excluded with 99.5%
confidence. We also study the average mass profile around the lenses, using a
maximum likelihood analysis. We consider two models for the halo mass profile:
a truncated isothermal sphere (TIS) and an NFW profile. We adopt
observationally motivated scaling relations between the lens luminosity and the
velocity dispersion and the extent of the halo. The best fit NFW model yields a
mass and a scale
radius kpc. This value for the scale radius is
in excellent agreement with predictions from numerical simulations for a halo
of this mass.Comment: Significantly revised version, accepted for publication in ApJ 11
pages, 6 figure
Thermodynamic formalism for the Lorentz gas with open boundaries in dimensions
A Lorentz gas may be defined as a system of fixed dispersing scatterers, with
a single light particle moving among these and making specular collisions on
encounters with the scatterers. For a dilute Lorentz gas with open boundaries
in dimensions we relate the thermodynamic formalism to a random flight
problem. Using this representation we analytically calculate the central
quantity within this formalism, the topological pressure, as a function of
system size and a temperature-like parameter \ba. The topological pressure is
given as the sum of the topological pressure for the closed system and a
diffusion term with a \ba-dependent diffusion coefficient. From the
topological pressure we obtain the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy on the repeller,
the topological entropy, and the partial information dimension.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Origin of Rashba-splitting in the quantized subbands at Bi2Se3 surface
We study the band structure of the topological
insulator (111) surface using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We
examine the situation where two sets of quantized subbands exhibiting different
Rashba spin-splitting are created via bending of the conduction (CB) and the
valence (VB) bands at the surface. While the CB subbands are strongly Rashba
spin-split, the VB subbands do not exhibit clear spin-splitting. We find that
CB and VB experience similar band bending magnitudes, which means, a
spin-splitting discrepancy due to different surface potential gradients can be
excluded. On the other hand, by comparing the experimental band structure to
first principles LMTO band structure calculations, we find that the strongly
spin-orbit coupled Bi 6 orbitals dominate the orbital character of CB,
whereas their admixture to VB is rather small. The spin-splitting discrepancy
is, therefore, traced back to the difference in spin-orbit coupling between CB
and VB in the respective subbands' regions
Tuning independently Fermi energy and spin splitting in Rashba systems: Ternary surface alloys on Ag(111)
By detailed first-principles calculations we show that the Fermi energy and
the Rashba splitting in disordered ternary surface alloys (BiPbSb)/Ag(111) can
be independently tuned by choosing the concentrations of Bi and Pb. The
findings are explained by three fundamental mechanisms, namely the relaxation
of the adatoms, the strength of the atomic spin-orbit coupling, and band
filling. By mapping the Rashba characteristics,i.e.the splitting and the Rashba
energy, and the Fermi energy of the surface states in the complete range of
concentrations. Our results suggest to investigate experimentally effects which
rely on the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in dependence on spin-orbit splitting
and band filling.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Analysis of a slow-fast system near a cusp singularity
This paper studies a slow-fast system whose principal characteristic is that
the slow manifold is given by the critical set of the cusp catastrophe. Our
analysis consists of two main parts: first, we recall a formal normal form
suitable for systems as the one studied here; afterwards, taking advantage of
this normal form, we investigate the transition near the cusp singularity by
means of the blow up technique. Our contribution relies heavily in the usage of
normal form theory, allowing us to refine previous results
The Lyapunov spectrum of the many-dimensional dilute random Lorentz gas
For a better understanding of the chaotic behavior of systems of many moving
particles it is useful to look at other systems with many degrees of freedom.
An interesting example is the high-dimensional Lorentz gas, which, just like a
system of moving hard spheres, may be interpreted as a dynamical system
consisting of a point particle in a high-dimensional phase space, moving among
fixed scatterers. In this paper, we calculate the full spectrum of Lyapunov
exponents for the dilute random Lorentz gas in an arbitrary number of
dimensions. We find that the spectrum becomes flatter with increasing
dimensionality. Furthermore, for fixed collision frequency the separation
between the largest Lyapunov exponent and the second largest one increases
logarithmically with dimensionality, whereas the separations between Lyapunov
exponents of given indices not involving the largest one, go to fixed limits.Comment: 8 pages, revtex, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review
The Masses and Shapes of Dark Matter Halos from Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the CFHTLS
We present the first galaxy-galaxy weak lensing results using early data from
the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS). These results are
based on ~22 sq. deg. of i' data. From this data, we estimate the average
velocity dispersion for an L* galaxy at a redshift of 0.3 to be 137 +- 11 km/s,
with a virial mass, M_{200}, of 1.1 +- 0.2 \times 10^{12} h^{-1} Msun and a
rest frame R-band mass-to-light ratio of 173 +- 34 h Msun/Lsun. We also
investigate various possible sources of systematic error in detail.
Additionally, we separate our lens sample into two sub-samples, divided by
apparent magnitude, thus average redshift. From this early data we do not
detect significant evolution in galaxy dark matter halo mass-to-light ratios
from a redshift of 0.45 to 0.27. Finally, we test for non-spherical galaxy dark
matter halos. Our results favor a dark matter halo with an ellipticity of ~0.3
at the 2-sigma level when averaged over all galaxies. If the sample of
foreground lens galaxies is selected to favor ellipticals, the mean halo
ellipticity and significance of this result increase.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted to ApJ, uses emulateap
Bayesian analysis of seasonal unit roots and seasonal mean shifts
In this paper we propose a Bayesian analysis of seasonal unit roots in quarterly observed time series. Seasonal unit root processes are useful to describe economic series with changing seasonal fluctuations. A natural alternative model for similar purposes contains deterministic seasonal mean shifts instead of seasonal stochastic trends. This leads to analysing seasonal unit roots in the presence of mean shifts using Bayesian techniques. Our method is illustrated using several simulated and empirical data
Mean shifts, unit roots and forecasting seasonal time series
Examples of descriptive models for changing seasonal patterns in economic time series are autoregressive models with seasonal unit roots or with deterministic seasonal mean shifts. In this paper we show through a forecasting comparison for three macroeconomic time series (for which tests indicate the presence of seasonal unit roots) that allowing for possible seasonal mean shifts can improve forecast performance. Next, by means of simulation we demonstrate the impact of imposing an incorrect model on forecasting. We find that an inappropriate decision can deteriorate forecasting performance dramatically in both directions, and hence we recommend the practitioner to take account of seasonal mean shifts when testing for seasonal unit roots
Integrability of irrotational silent cosmological models
We revisit the issue of integrability conditions for the irrotational silent
cosmological models. We formulate the problem both in 1+3 covariant and 1+3
orthonormal frame notation, and show there exists a series of constraint
equations that need to be satisfied. These conditions hold identically for
FLRW-linearised silent models, but not in the general exact non-linear case.
Thus there is a linearisation instability, and it is highly unlikely that there
is a large class of silent models. We conjecture that there are no spatially
inhomogeneous solutions with Weyl curvature of Petrov type I, and indicate
further issues that await clarification.Comment: Minor corrections and improvements; 1 new reference; to appear Class.
Quantum Grav.; 16 pages Ioplpp
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