Zur nomenklatur und verbreitung des genus Dinofelis zdansky, 1924 (Therailurus Piveteau, 1948)

Main articleDinofelis abeli Zdansky 1924 and the species of the genus Therailurus Piveteau 1948 belong to the same genus (Dinofelis). The most primitive species concerning the specialisation of the teeth is Dinofelis diastemata (Astre 1929), the most evolved is Dinofelis piveteaui (Ewer 1955) and by parallel evolution Dinofelis abeli Zdansky 1924. D. diastemata-D. barlowi-D. piveteaui form a connected succession whilst D. abeli takes a more isolated place.non

Studien am Wasserfrosch - Rana perezi (Seoane, 1885) - der Balearen (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae)

Abstract not availabl

Beobachtungen zur Ökologie der Wechselkröte - Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 - der Balearen (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)

Abstract not availabl

Puma (Herpailurus) Pumoides (Castellanos, 1958) nov. comb. Systematic Reviews and Fossil Record

Entre los Felinae de procedencia dudosa descritos para Argentina se encuentra Felis pumoides Castellanos 1958, hallado en estratos asignados al Plioceno (“horizonte Brocherense”) de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina). Los restos craneanos y post-craneanos que posee el ejemplar tipo (MUFyCA 767) fueron comparados primeramente con todos los felinos sudamericanos y con Acinonyx jubatus concluyendo que posee un gran parecido a la especie actual Puma (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi, con algunos rasgos compartidos además con Puma (Puma) concolor y Acinonyx jubatus, especies que provienen de lineas evolutivas bien definidas según los analisis moleculares previos. Por consiguiente, el taxón debe ser asignado como Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides n. comb. La comparación de este taxón con especies de pumas del Plioceno y Pleistoceno de Norte América, P. (Miracinonyx) inexpectata, y del Viejo Mundo, P. (Viretailurus) pardoides, como también con las especies de chitas del Plioceno-Pleistoceno del Viejo Mundo, Acinonyx pardinensis s.l. mostró diversas similitudes sugiriendo un posible origen cercano al nivel basal de la linea de los pumas norteamericanos (subgénero Miracinonyx). Debido a la fauna asociada y a numerosos trabajos posteriores es posible afirmar que P. (H.) pumoides procede del Plioceno Tardío (“Brocherense”), constituyendo el registro más antiguo de la subfamilia Felinae y del linaje del Puma en América del Sur. Estas afinidades podrían estar evidenciando que la línea de género de Herpailurus, se originó en América del Sur antes del Pleistoceno.Felis pumoides Castellanos 1958 is a Felinae of dubious stratigraphic procedence, reported as coming from Pliocene beds (“horizonte Brocherence”) from Córdoba province, Argentina. In the present paper the cranial and postcranial remains of the holotype (MUFyCA 767) were mainly compared with other South American felids and Acinonyx jubatus. Is concluded that P. pumoides possess great similarity to the recent species Puma (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi, and some shared traits with Puma (Puma) concolor and Acinonyx jubatus. These species belong to an evolutionary line well defined by previous molecular and morphological data. Therefore, the taxon should be referred as Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides n. comb. The comparisons of this species with the extinct cougar species from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of North America P. (Miracinonyx) inexpectata, and the Old World P. (Viretailurus) pardoides, as well as with the cheetahs from the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Old World, show extensive morphological similarities. Comparissons suggests a possible origin of South American puma lineage near the basal diverge of North American pumas (subgenus Miracinonyx). According to the associated remains and previous publications it is possible to confirm that P. (H.) pumoides comes from Upper Pliocene levels (“Brocherense”). Thus, it constitutes the earlist record for the Felidae and the Puma lineage in South America. Phylogenetic affinities of P. (H.) pumoides also indicates that the line of Herpailurus originated in South America before the Pleistocene.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Puma (Herpailurus) Pumoides (Castellanos, 1958) nov. comb. Systematic Reviews and Fossil Record

Entre los Felinae de procedencia dudosa descritos para Argentina se encuentra Felis pumoides Castellanos 1958, hallado en estratos asignados al Plioceno (“horizonte Brocherense”) de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina). Los restos craneanos y post-craneanos que posee el ejemplar tipo (MUFyCA 767) fueron comparados primeramente con todos los felinos sudamericanos y con Acinonyx jubatus concluyendo que posee un gran parecido a la especie actual Puma (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi, con algunos rasgos compartidos además con Puma (Puma) concolor y Acinonyx jubatus, especies que provienen de lineas evolutivas bien definidas según los analisis moleculares previos. Por consiguiente, el taxón debe ser asignado como Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides n. comb. La comparación de este taxón con especies de pumas del Plioceno y Pleistoceno de Norte América, P. (Miracinonyx) inexpectata, y del Viejo Mundo, P. (Viretailurus) pardoides, como también con las especies de chitas del Plioceno-Pleistoceno del Viejo Mundo, Acinonyx pardinensis s.l. mostró diversas similitudes sugiriendo un posible origen cercano al nivel basal de la linea de los pumas norteamericanos (subgénero Miracinonyx). Debido a la fauna asociada y a numerosos trabajos posteriores es posible afirmar que P. (H.) pumoides procede del Plioceno Tardío (“Brocherense”), constituyendo el registro más antiguo de la subfamilia Felinae y del linaje del Puma en América del Sur. Estas afinidades podrían estar evidenciando que la línea de género de Herpailurus, se originó en América del Sur antes del Pleistoceno.Felis pumoides Castellanos 1958 is a Felinae of dubious stratigraphic procedence, reported as coming from Pliocene beds (“horizonte Brocherence”) from Córdoba province, Argentina. In the present paper the cranial and postcranial remains of the holotype (MUFyCA 767) were mainly compared with other South American felids and Acinonyx jubatus. Is concluded that P. pumoides possess great similarity to the recent species Puma (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi, and some shared traits with Puma (Puma) concolor and Acinonyx jubatus. These species belong to an evolutionary line well defined by previous molecular and morphological data. Therefore, the taxon should be referred as Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides n. comb. The comparisons of this species with the extinct cougar species from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of North America P. (Miracinonyx) inexpectata, and the Old World P. (Viretailurus) pardoides, as well as with the cheetahs from the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Old World, show extensive morphological similarities. Comparissons suggests a possible origin of South American puma lineage near the basal diverge of North American pumas (subgenus Miracinonyx). According to the associated remains and previous publications it is possible to confirm that P. (H.) pumoides comes from Upper Pliocene levels (“Brocherense”). Thus, it constitutes the earlist record for the Felidae and the Puma lineage in South America. Phylogenetic affinities of P. (H.) pumoides also indicates that the line of Herpailurus originated in South America before the Pleistocene.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Retrospective cohort study to devise a treatment decision score predicting adverse 24-month radiological activity in early multiple sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease affecting about 2.8 million people worldwide. Disease course after the most common diagnoses of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is highly variable and cannot be reliably predicted. This impairs early personalized treatment decisions. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to algorithmically support clinical decision-making regarding the options of early platform medication or no immediate treatment of patients with early RRMS and CIS. Design: Retrospective monocentric cohort study within the Data Integration for Future Medicine (DIFUTURE) Consortium. Methods: Multiple data sources of routine clinical, imaging and laboratory data derived from a large and deeply characterized cohort of patients with MS were integrated to conduct a retrospective study to create and internally validate a treatment decision score [Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Decision Score (MS-TDS)] through model-based random forests (RFs). The MS-TDS predicts the probability of no new or enlarging lesions in cerebral magnetic resonance images (cMRIs) between 6 and 24 months after the first cMRI. Results: Data from 65 predictors collected for 475 patients between 2008 and 2017 were included. No medication and platform medication were administered to 277 (58.3%) and 198 (41.7%) patients. The MS-TDS predicted individual outcomes with a cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.624. The respective RF prediction model provides patient-specific MS-TDS and probabilities of treatment success. The latter may increase by 5–20% for half of the patients if the treatment considered superior by the MS-TDS is used. Conclusion: Routine clinical data from multiple sources can be successfully integrated to build prediction models to support treatment decision-making. In this study, the resulting MS-TDS estimates individualized treatment success probabilities that can identify patients who benefit from early platform medication. External validation of the MS-TDS is required, and a prospective study is currently being conducted. In addition, the clinical relevance of the MS-TDS needs to be established

The neuropathology of fatal encephalomyelitis in human Borna virus infection

After many years of controversy, there is now recent and solid evidence that classical Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) can infect humans. On the basis of six brain autopsies, we provide the first systematic overview on BoDV-1 tissue distribution and the lesion pattern in fatal BoDV-1-induced encephalitis. All brains revealed a non-purulent, lymphocytic sclerosing panencephalomyelitis with detection of BoDV-1-typical eosinophilic, spherical intranuclear Joest-Degen inclusion bodies. While the composition of histopathological changes was constant, the inflammatory distribution pattern varied interindividually, affecting predominantly the basal nuclei in two patients, hippocampus in one patient, whereas two patients showed a more diffuse distribution. By immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization, BoDV-1 was detected in all examined brain tissue samples. Furthermore, infection of the peripheral nervous system was observed. This study aims at raising awareness to human bornavirus encephalitis as differential diagnosis in lymphocytic sclerosing panencephalomyelitis. A higher attention to human BoDV-1 infection by health professionals may likely increase the detection of more cases and foster a clearer picture of the disease

Light, the universe and everything – 12 Herculean tasks for quantum cowboys and black diamond skiers

The Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE) has been a seminal force in quantum optics and related areas since 1971. It is rather mind-boggling to recognize how the concepts presented at these conferences have transformed scientific understanding and human society. In January 2017, the participants of PQE were asked to consider the equally important prospects for the future, and to formulate a set of questions representing some of the greatest aspirations in this broad field. The result is this multi-authored paper, in which many of the world’s leading experts address the following fundamental questions: (1) What is the future of gravitational wave astronomy? (2) Are there new quantum phases of matter away from equilibrium that can be found and exploited – such as the time crystal? (3) Quantum theory in uncharted territory: What can we learn? (4) What are the ultimate limits for laser photon energies? (5) What are the ultimate limits to temporal, spatial and optical resolution? (6) What novel roles will atoms play in technology? (7) What applications lie ahead for nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond? (8) What is the future of quantum coherence, squeezing and entanglement for enhanced super-resolution and sensing? (9) How can we solve (some of) humanity’s biggest problems through new quantum technologies? (10) What new understanding of materials and biological molecules will result from their dynamical characterization with free-electron lasers? (11) What new technologies and fundamental discoveries might quantum optics achieve by the end of this century? (12) What novel topological structures can be created and employed in quantum optics

Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis