The clustering of H β\beta + [O III] and [O II] emitters since z \tilde 5: dependencies with line luminosity and stellar mass

We investigate the clustering properties of ∼7000 H β + [O III] and [O II] narrowband-selected emitters at z ∼ 0.8–4.7 from the High-z Emission Line Survey. We find clustering lengths, r0, of 1.5–4.0 h−1 Mpc and minimum dark matter halo masses of 1010.7–12.1 M⊙ for our z = 0.8–3.2 H β + [O III] emitters and r0 ∼ 2.0–8.3 h−1 Mpc and halo masses of 1011.5–12.6 M⊙ for our z = 1.5–4.7 [O II] emitters. We find r0 to strongly increase both with increasing line luminosity and redshift. By taking into account the evolution of the characteristic line luminosity, L⋆(z), and using our model predictions of halo mass given r0, we find a strong, redshift-independent increasing trend between L/L⋆(z) and minimum halo mass. The faintest H β + [O III] emitters are found to reside in 109.5 M⊙ haloes and the brightest emitters in 1013.0 M⊙ haloes. For [O II] emitters, the faintest emitters are found in 1010.5 M⊙ haloes and the brightest emitters in 1012.6 M⊙ haloes. A redshift-independent stellar mass dependency is also observed where the halo mass increases from 1011 to 1012.5 M⊙ for stellar masses of 108.5 to 1011.5 M⊙, respectively. We investigate the interdependencies of these trends by repeating our analysis in a Lline−Mstar grid space for our most populated samples (H β + [O III] z = 0.84 and [O II] z = 1.47) and find that the line luminosity dependency is stronger than the stellar mass dependency on halo mass. For L > L⋆ emitters at all epochs, we find a relatively flat trend with halo masses of 1012.5–13 M⊙, which may be due to quenching mechanisms in massive haloes that is consistent with a transitional halo mass predicted by models

The effect of Hemiscorpius lepturus (Scorpionida: Hemiscorpiidae) venom on leukocytes and the leukocyte subgroups in peripheral blood of rat

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Hemiscorpius lepturus venom on leukocytes and the leukocyte subgroups in peripheral blood of rat. Methods: In this experimental study, sixty N-Mari rats were divided into three groups of 20 rats. Then the rats in each group were divided into four subgroups based on the blood sampling time that was 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours after the venom injection, respectively. The control group did not receive anything, however, the first and the second experimental groups received 0.1 and 0.01mg/kg of venom, subcutaneously. In accordance with a designated four sampling times, the blood sampling was carried out in three groups. After RBC lysis, the leukocytes and leukocyte subpopulations were determined and counted using appropriate hematological standard methods. Results: The leukocyte and the neutrophil count at two (P<0.05), six (P<0.01) and 24 (P<0.05) hours after the venom injection showed a significant decline compared with the control group, this decrease was significant at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg until 48 hours after the venom injection (P<0.05). The lymphocyte count showed a significant decline throughout the all hours of the experiment, compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Leukocytes are probably affected by the cytotoxicity effect of the H. lepturus venom in a dosedependent manner. This could be a wakeup call for the medical staff to perform quick and accurate treatment in the least time possible

Evolution of the H β + [O III] and [O II] luminosity functions and the [O II] star formation history of the Universe up to z ∼ 5 from HiZELS

We investigate the evolution of the H β + [O iii] and [O ii] luminosity functions from z ∼ 0.8 to ∼5 in four redshift slices per emission line using data from the High-z Emission Line Survey (HiZELS). This is the first time that the H β + [O iii] and [O ii] luminosity functions have been studied at these redshifts in a self-consistent analysis. This is also the largest sample of [O ii] and H β + [O iii] emitters (3475 and 3298 emitters, respectively) in this redshift range, with large comoving volumes ∼1 × 106 Mpc−3 in two independent volumes (COSMOS and UDS), greatly reducing the effects of cosmic variance. The emitters were selected by a combination of photometric redshift and colour–colour selections, as well as spectroscopic follow-up, including recent spectroscopic observations using DEIMOS and MOSFIRE on the Keck Telescopes and FMOS on Subaru. We find a strong increase in L⋆ and a decrease in ϕ⋆ for both H β + [O iii] and [O ii] emitters. We derive the [O ii] star formation history of the Universe since z ∼ 5 and find that the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) rises from z ∼ 5 to ∼3 and then drops towards z ∼ 0. We also find that our star formation history is able to reproduce the evolution of the stellar mass density up to z ∼ 5 based only on a single tracer of star formation. When comparing the H β + [O iii] SFRDs to the [O ii] and H α SFRD measurements in the literature, we find that there is a remarkable agreement, suggesting that the H β + [O iii] sample is dominated by star-forming galaxies at high-z rather than AGNs

The nature of Hβ+[O III] and [O II] emitters to z ∼ 5 with HiZELS: stellar mass functions and the evolution of EWs

We investigate the properties of ∼7000 narrow-band selected galaxies with strong Hβ+[O III] and [O II] nebular emission lines from the High-z Emission-Line Survey between z ∼ 0.8 and 5.0. Our sample covers a wide range in stellar mass (Mstellar ∼ 107.5–12.0 M⊙), rest-frame equivalent widths (EWrest∼10–105 Å), and line luminosities (Lline ∼ 1040.5–43.2 erg s−1). We measure the Hβ+[O III]-selected stellar mass functions out to z ∼ 3.5 and find that both M⋆ and ϕ⋆ increases with cosmic time. The [O II]-selected stellar mass functions show a constant M⋆ ≈ 1011.6 M⊙ and a strong, increasing evolution with cosmic time in ϕ⋆ in line with Hα studies. We also investigate the evolution of the EWrest as a function of redshift with a fixed mass range (109.5–10.0 M⊙) and find an increasing trend best represented by (1 + z)3.81 ± 0.14 and (1 + z)2.72 ± 0.19 up to z ∼ 2 and ∼3 for Hβ+[O III] and [O II] emitters, respectively. This is the first time that the EWrest evolution has been directly measured for Hβ+[O III] and [O II] emitters up to these redshifts. There is evidence for a slower evolution for z > 2 in the Hβ+[O III] EWrest and a decreasing trend for z > 3 in the [O II] EWrest evolution, which would imply low [O II] EW at the highest redshifts and higher [O III]/[O II] line ratios. This suggests that the ionization parameter at higher redshift may be significantly higher than the local Universe. Our results set the stage for future near-IR space-based spectroscopic surveys to test our extrapolated predictions and also produce z > 5 measurements to constrain the high-z end of the EWrest and [O III]/[O II] evolution

Protective effect of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract against Paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ) has caused a large number of human fatalities all over the world, especially in Asian region. The main potential mechanism of PQ toxicity has been thought to be mediated by ROS. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the Berberis vulgaris fruit extract (BVFE) against PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods: Forty male rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups each containing eight rats. Groups 1 and 2, served as a negative and positive control and received a single dose of intratracheal instillation of saline and PQ (20 mg/kg), respectively. Groups 3-5 were treated with different doses of BVFE (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day, orally) 1 week before the PQ injection and continued for 3 weeks. The rats were sacrificed 21 days after PQ. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Hydroxyproline, inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in lung tissue were determined. Presence of fibrosis, inflammatory cells, connective tissue and collagen deposition in lung were evaluated microscopically by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Dried extract was standardized by amount of berberine by HPTLC methods by silica gel plate. Results: The results showed that PQ could significantly increase the lung MDA, hydroxyproline, TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β1 levels. BVFE ameliorated the biochemical and histological lung alterations induced by PQ. Conclusions: The present study indicates the hydroalcolic extract of Berberis vulgaris fruit has beneficial effects in rat pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ in a dose-dependent manner, possibly by anti-oxidant and anti- inflammatory properties, which might be due to its berberine alkaloid content. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS