QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION OF MADHUYASHTI GHRITA

Madhuyashti Ghrita, is an Ayurvedic medicated ghee preparation containing Yashtimadhu. It is used for treating external ulcers and wounds in vital points of the body. However, there is no quality monograph available for Madhuyashti Ghrita. Hence, the present work was carried out to characterize this Ghrita to confirm its identity, quality and purity. This work reported various pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters of Madhuyashti Ghrita along with its TLC based rapid fingerprinting as per the present standards of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Moreover, the presence of toxic contaminants like heavy metals, and microbial load were also evaluated. In organoleptic evaluation, the Ghrita was found to be semi–solid and dark yellow in colour, sweet and bitter in taste with a characteristic and pleasant odour. The values of the physicochemical parameters such as acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, refractive index, rancidity and pH value of the Ghrita were also assed. In the microscopical analysis of the rhizomes of Yashtimadhu, the presence of pitted vessels, fibres, prismatic crystals and starch grains were noted as a confirmation characteristic for the genuinely of this raw material in Madhuyashti Ghrita. The amount of heavy metals such arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and chromium as well as total bacterial count and total fungal count were found to be much below their API limits. The TLC showed different characteristic spots indicating the presence of Yashtimadhu in this product. The parameters of Madhuyashti Ghrita presented in this paper may be utilized for preparing a quality monograph for this product

ESTABLISHMENT OF QUALITY CONTROL PARAMETERS OF PANCHASAKARA CHURNA - A CLASSICAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATION

Objective: Standardization of any herbal formulation is essential in order to assess the quality, purity, safety, and efficacy of drugs based on the analysis of their active properties. Testing of Ayurvedic preparations using scientific methodologies adds to quality and authenticity of the product.Methods: This article reports standardization parameters for a classical Ayurvedic formulation Panchasakara Churna. In this paper, the formulation was prepared as per Ayurvedic Formulary of India and was characterized by pharmacognostic, physical, physicochemical, phytochemical, toxicological parameters as well as thin layer chromatography (TLC) profiling using standard methodologies.Results: This experimental work provided diagnostic characteristics to identify and standardize the formulation Panchasakara Churna prepared using its official ingredients.Conclusion: Based on the present investigation results, a monograph on quality standards for Panchasakara Churna can be proposed for its batch-to-batch consistency. This document can also be utilised for rapid authentication fingerprints of this formulation using its TLC profiling.Keywords: Panchasakara Churna, Toxicological, Chromatography, Microscopi

Design of 2df imc controller

The Internal model control (IMC) relies on the mathematical model of the process to be controlled. In IMC we can achieve accurate control only if the control systems contain (either implicitly or explicitly) some mathematical representation of the process to be controlled. In this report we analyze about automatic process control, basic principle behind imc, and design 2df imc controller. The 1df imc controller is good for set point tracking. But in case of disturbance rejection the time to settle is too high. In this case we use 2df imc controller. One controller is used for set point tracking and another is used for disturbance rejection. Two degree of freedom imc controller is always not use full. 2df imc controller is not use full for Process having frequency response initially low and then high. So before designing the controller for the process, we have to check and compare with the 1df output and then we should design controller for the process. In case of 1df controller, we design filter parameter as our requirement to track the set point. Set point Controller is designed in such a way that it cancels out poles and zeroes of the process. So the controller is very good for set point tracking. But for the process having disturbance lag it is not useful. If we design the 1df controller for disturbance rejection it is not good for set point tracking. So we have to use another degree of freedom. In our study we analyze different principle of designing the 2df imc controller and advantage of this over 1df controller

Antigenic evidence of bluetongue virus from small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha, India

Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to carry out antigenic detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) among the small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha (coastal and central) using recombinant VP7 (r-VP-7) based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-ELISA). Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=274) were collected from two different geographical pockets of Odisha, which covered mostly the coastal and central regions. Of the total samples under study 185 were from goat and 89 were from sheep. The blood samples were tested for the presence of BTV antigen by r-VP7 based s-ELISA. Results: r-VP-7 s-ELISA detected BTV antigen in 52.43% and 44.94% of the goat and sheep population under study, respectively. This study highlights the antigenic persistence of BTV in the state for the 1 st time. Conclusion: This high antigenic presence in both sheep and goat population suggests an alarming BTV infection in field conditions which warrants more systematic study directed toward isolation and characterization studies as well as the implementation of control strategy for BT in Odisha

Antigenic evidence of bluetongue virus from small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha, India

Aim: The aim of the present study was to carry out antigenic detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) among the small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha (coastal and central) using recombinant VP7 (r-VP-7) based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-ELISA). Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=274) were collected from two different geographical pockets of Odisha, which covered mostly the coastal and central regions. Of the total samples under study 185 were from goat and 89 were from sheep. The blood samples were tested for the presence of BTV antigen by r-VP7 based s-ELISA. Results: r-VP-7 s-ELISA detected BTV antigen in 52.43% and 44.94% of the goat and sheep population under study, respectively. This study highlights the antigenic persistence of BTV in the state for the 1st time. Conclusion: This high antigenic presence in both sheep and goat population suggests an alarming BTV infection in field conditions which warrants more systematic study directed toward isolation and characterization studies as well as the implementation of control strategy for BT in Odisha

Isolation and antibiogram of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli isolates from clinical and subclinical cases of bovine mastitis

Aim: The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate the continuous change in the pattern of drug resistance showed by different mastitogenic organisms, isolated from clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using 150 milk samples received from various clinical and subclinical cases, from which the causative organisms were isolated and subjected to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test.Results: The bacteriological analysis of the samples indicated the presence of both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms followed by isolation of isolates like Staphylococcus, E. coli, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Klebsiella. The in vitro sensitivity of Staphylococcus, E. coli and Streptococcus isolates revealed that they were more sensitive towards newer antimicrobials like Levofloxacin and Enrofloxacin.Conclusion: The prevalence of Staphylococcus was found to be maximum followed by Streptococcus and E. coli among the isolated organisms. Levofloxacin and Enrofloxacin were found to be most effective against the targeted isolates

Serosurveillance of foot-and-mouth disease in ruminant population of Coastal Odisha, India

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India and three serotypes viz, O, A, and Asia1 are prevalent in the country. In the current study a total of 551 serum samples were collected randomly from 51 cattle, 127 sheep and 373 goats from areas with or without the history of recent outbreaks in different districts of coastal Odisha, India. The samples were screened for antibodies against non-structural proteins (NSPs) and structural proteins (SP) of FMD virus to gather evidence with respect to the FMD virus circulation. The study revealed a higher level of NSP antibodies in goats (38.33%) and cattle (33.33%), and lower prevalence in sheep (3.93%). In case of SP antibodies, the prevalence was higher in cattle (68.62%) followed by goats (38.87%) and sheep (17.32%). The study reiterates the importance of strengthening of FMD surveillance in small ruminants as they could pose a potential risk of virus transmission to cattle

Fashioning readers: canon, criticism and pedagogy in the emergence of modern Oriya literature

Through a brief history of a widely published canon debate in nineteenth century Orissa, this article describes how anxieties about the quality of ‘traditional’ Oriya literature served as a site for imagining a cohesive Oriya public who would become the consumers and beneficiaries of a new, modernized Oriya-language canon. A public controversy about the status of Oriya literature was initiated in the 1890s with the publication of a serialized critique of the works of Upendra Bhanja, a very popular pre-colonial Oriya poet. The critic argued that Bhanja’s writing was not true poetry, that it did not speak to the contemporary era, and that it featured embarrassingly detailed discussions of obscene material. By unpacking the terms of this criticism and Oriya responses to it, I reveal how at the heart of these discussions were concerns about community building that presupposed a new kind of readership of literature in the Oriya language. Ultimately, this article offers a longer, regional history to the emerging concern of post-colonial scholarship with relationships between publication histories, readerships, and broader ideas of community – local, Indian, and global