Experimental Investigation of Wall Shear Stress Modifications due to Turbulent Flow over an Ablative Thermal Protection System Analog Surface

Modifications were made to the turbulent channel flow facility to allow for fully developed rough quasi-2D Poiseuille flow with flow injection through one surface and flow suction through the opposing surface. The combination of roughness and flow injection is designed to be analogous to the flow field over a thermal protection system which produces ablative pyrolysis gases during ablation. It was found that the additional momentum through the surface acted to reduce skin friction to a point below smooth-wall behavior. This effect was less significant with increasing Reynolds number. It was also found that the momentum injection modified the wake region of the flow

A study of 4-H enrollment cards and enrollment procedures used by Tennessee county staffs in fiscal year 1977

The purposes of this study were to investigate use of the State 4-H Enrollment Cards for Senior, Junior High, Junior, and Explorer 4-H Members used in Tennessee and to analyze current enrollment procedures used by county 4-H staffs during Fy 1977. Ninety-four Tennessee County Staffs responded to a mail—type questionnaire. Counties were grouped by Enrollment per Full—time Staff Equivalents (i.e.. High Grouping 1,003-2,143 members per F.S.E.; Medium Grouping 727-1,001 members per F.S.E.i and Low Grouping 315-720 members per F.S.E.) for major comparisons. Findings indicated that: 1. Nearly all, 98 percent, of Tennessee Counties were using the State 4-H Enrollment Card during FY 1977. 2. Most county staffs were using all portions of the State 4-H Enrollment Card except the Address Aperture. Only 35 percent of the counties were using the aperture. The High Enrollment Grouping made more use of all portions of the State 4-H Enrollment Cards than did the Low Grouping. 3. Nearly one-half of the county staffs, 45 percent, reported the current Enrollment System to be good or adequate. 4. Majorities of county staffs were following recommended procedures in the use of the Enrollment Cards. a. Fifty-eight percent of county staffs reportedly used the Keysort Feature. b. Secretaries were used to a greater extent in the Low Enrollment Grouping to punch cards than in the High Grouping. The High Grouping used Agents more frequently to punch cards than the Low Grouping. Secretaries, however, punched Enrollment Cards in the largest percent of counties using the punch system. c. A majority of counties were filing cards by club and school. d. A vast majority of counties were distributing material using information on the Enrollment Card. e. Agents and Secretaries in the Low Enrollment Grouping made corrections more often than in the High Enrollment Grouping. Low counties reportedly made corrections more often than did counties in the High Grouping. 5. Other enrollment procedures used by most counties included: a. Agents and Teachers assisted members in filling out Enrollment Cards. The Low Enrollment Group tended to involve Teachers more in helping members than did the High Grouping. b. A majority of county staffs enrolled 4-H Members during the Fall. Consequentially more of the High Enrollment Grouping than the Low Grouping enrolled Seniors in the Fall. c. County staffs distributed Enrollment Cards or Forms at club meetings by the Agent. A higher percent of the High Enrollment Grouping than the Low Grouping used this method. d. Senior 4-H Members were allowed more freedom in selecting the number of projects and activities taken than either Junior High or Junior Members. However, a consequentially higher percent of the High Enrollment Group than the Low gave Seniors such freedom. e. Agents provided the leadership for 4-H enrollment and used the most time enrolling members. Enrollment required consequentially more staff time in the High Enrollment Grouping than the Low Grouping, as might be expected. 6. Only one-third of county staffs reported having any 4-H Members at Large. A consequentially higher percent of High Enrollment Counties than Low reported Explorer Members at Large. Since a majority of county staffs were following recommended enrollment procedures the present procedures appear to be well accepted by the 4-H Staff. Implications were drawn and recommendations made for use of findings and further research

Electronic Sleep Control of Astronauts

Astronautic mission profiles require for the crew, various sleep-wakefulness cycles which are quite different from the normal diurnal rhythm. It has been found that there are means by which certain levels of sleep can be induced electronically without undesirable side effects. The paper describes the efforts made so far in the international scientific community and also the results of his own experiments

Biomedical and Human Factors Requirements for a Manned Earth Orbiting Station

This report is the result of a study conducted by Republic Aviation Corporation in conjunction with Spacelabs, Inc.,in a team effort in which Republic Aviation Corporation was prime contractor. In order to determine the realistic engineering design requirements associated with the medical and human factors problems of a manned space station, an interdisciplinary team of personnel from the Research and Space Divisions was organized. This team included engineers, physicians, physiologists, psychologists, and physicists. Recognizing that the value of the study is dependent upon medical judgments as well as more quantifiable factors (such as design parameters) a group of highly qualified medical consultants participated in working sessions to determine which medical measurements are required to meet the objectives of the study. In addition, various Life Sciences personnel from NASA (Headquarters, Langley, MSC) participated in monthly review sessions. The organization, team members, consultants, and some of the part-time contributors are shown in Figure 1. This final report embodies contributions from all of these participants

NA

http://archive.org/details/environmentaleco00helvNAN

Academic excellence and instructional expenditures in Texas.

Public school per pupil costs and demands for better performance have increased over the past several decades. While the overall per pupil expenditures have increased, the percent of the educational dollar directed toward instructional activities has remained at approximately 60%. A grass-roots movement known as the "65% Solution" caught national attention by claiming that schools are not efficiently allocating resources into areas that have the greatest link to student achievement, such as instruction. Proponents of the 65% Solution claim that per pupil expenditures can be increased by shifting funds from areas considered non-instructional to areas that directly impact student instruction, such as teachers and instructional materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between district Panel Recommended and Commended Performance TAKS Reading/ELA and Math results and three measurements of instructional expenditures, Instructional Staff Percent; TEA Instructional Expenditure Ratio; and the NCES Instructional Expenditure Ratio (65% Solution), in Texas public schools. Data was collected from the 2003-2004 AEIS report. Multiple regression was used to conduct the analyses. In most instances, there was little, if any, relationship between TAKS Reading/ELA and TAKS Math, and the Instructional Staff Percent (ISP), TEA Instructional Expenditure Ratio (TIER), and NCES Instructional Expenditure Ratio (NIER). However, a low to moderate relationship was discovered in the comparison of TAKS Reading/ELA, and the ISP and TIER. This result was the same for both the Panel Recommended and Commended Performance. In every instance, the ISP and TIER showed positive, statistically significant, relationships to TAKS results. The NIER, or 65% Solution, had the lowest correlation and was statistically insignificant in three out of four analyses

Bernard Shaw as devil's advocate

George Bernard Shaw, the nineteenth century Irishman, became a notable twentieth century British dramatist. Though he did not shed his nineteenth century theatrical and philosophical origins any more than he disposed of his Irish humor and gift of gab, he did bring them into the service of his own peculiar dramatic interests as devil's advocate of the Life Force in the theatre. Shaw's idiosyncratic public manner, which evolved from his journalistic vocation in England, included his use of many pseudonyms and the adoption of many roles: critic, gadfly, reformer, artist. One of the most important roles he played, however, is that of the devil's advocate. As a devil’s advocate, Shaw undertook to criticize his cultural and socio-economic world, but he did it in order to promote man's social and intellectual improvement. His paradoxical manner conflicted with the religious and social conventions of his day, but his diabolical gestures, which were more than a jest, made his devil's advocacy central to his career as a dramatist