TARGET SPECIES OF ARTISANAL FISHERIES AND THEIR CONSERVATION STATUS IN TWO FISHING VILLAGES IN THE ATLANTIC: PENICHE (PORTUGAL) AND ARRAIAL DO CABO (BRAZIL)

This study shared the fishers’ local ecological knowledge (LEK) from the two fishing villages (Peniche, Portugal, and Arraial do Cabo, Brazil), based on answers to the following key question: What are the main target species for fishing in Peniche/Arraial do Cabo? A total of 221 semi-structured interviews were conducted in the Atlantic fishing villages during 2016. Fisher´s interviews reported 42 species of marine animals from Peniche fishing community, and 40 species in Arraial do Cabo. The fisheries resources cited by fishers were assessed for vulnerability, according to the issue’s conservation based in IUCN and Brazilian Red List. We have identified the main target species for artisanal fishing in both fishing villages. The species with some degree of vulnerability included in the list of fishers in Peniche were: T. trachurus and P. glauca. In Arraial do Cabo fishing village this list is formed by nine species: P. saltatrix, E. marginatus, M. bonaci, P. glauca, M. canis, H. flavolimbatus, H. niveatus, G. galeus and P. americanus - Brazilian Subpopulation. These data acquired through the artisanal fishers of these communities can be an essential starting point for the design of future additional research on the conservation of local biological resources. Monitoring the artisanal fisheries through the informal data shared in this study can contribute to more appropriate and integrated management of the marine resources.

An Environmental Education and Communication Project on Migratory Fishes and Fishing Communities

This study aims at evaluating the environmental education (EE) and communication intervention for the valorization of migratory fish resources in an estuary of northern Portugal. The EE component intervention was implemented among Middle School pupils of that region. Students’ knowledge was quantitatively evaluated with an experimental approach of pre-testing and post-testing, on the ocean and estuarine literacy (OEL) and biology of migratory species, such as sea lamprey. This study also analyzes the communication component developed via social media. Results of the EE component show an evident increment of OEL (p < 0.05). It is also highlighted that students had previous knowledge on issues that are not covered in the curriculum. Social media has shown to be an effective communication tool mostly among the scientific community (e.g., Ethnobiology). The research has various implications to OEL since it brings a new perspective towards the integration of ocean literacy in formal education; as well as the valorization of Students’ local ecological knowledge and of inter-generational dynamics. This study contributed to promoting local biodiversity, OEL, and participatory local governance of these ecosystemsThe publication was carried out in the context of the provision of services called “Valorization of the fishing production of the Minho River-contribution to the management and valorization of fishing products of the Minho River (COOPERMINHO)—Communication and socio-environmental training of the Local community for the valorization of the fish resources of the Minho River,” financed, via the Municipal Council of Vila Nova de Cerveira, by the program Mar 2020—Programa Operacional Mar 2020 Aviso n°5/2016. Thanks are due for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2019), to FCT/MCTES through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. This work was also supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia under Grant SFRH/BPD/116379/2016; by the Resclima-EDU Project, funded in the 2018 Call of the State Program of I + D + I, oriented to the Challenges of the Society of the Government of Spain (ref. RTI2018-094074-B-I00). Braga HO thanks the CAPES Foundation—Ministry of Education of Brazil (BEX: 8926/13-1)S

MEDICALIZAÇÃO DA MORTE NO BRASIL: impactos e repercussões do consumo farmacológico sob a ótica do cuidado paliativo

Introduction: How the medicalization of death entered palliative care and the lives of individuals as a whole, their families and the entire community. Opening a new look and a new way of care. Objective: to understand how palliative care inserted the medicalization of death in its historical process, thus being able to modify its scenarios and the entire approach to the care transformation process, which occurred from secularization. Seen as the loss of wit and layman, the category of expectation of knowing becomes an object of medicalization, acquiring new meanings. Analysis and discussion of the results: It can be said that medicalization is something that has existed since past centuries until today, for all stages of life. Placing it as a problem of the medicalization process that is not recent, medicalization was already included in society, being included in palliative care as a relation to health and the construction of a death with dignity, and it undertook the process of demedicalization of death. Methodology: type of article review, considering that secondary sources were used as a basis for composing the article. We used bibliographic review as a data collection instrument. With medicalization emphasizing palliative care. In this step we use the qualitative approach. In this way, it intends to analyze bibliographical research. Conclusion: There has always been medicalization over the centuries, but it was consolidated from the moment we talk about medicalization when referring to something that has become medical, therefore the target of a clinical look, which analyzes, diagnoses and prescribes ways to treat the problem , known as hospital-centric health care. Palliative care came in as a way of seeing death differently, not seeing it as the end, but facing death with new perspectives in front of a great process towards death, thus observing a better purpose for the patient's quality of life. individual and their possible possibilities, always valuing their will, as said, in the emphasis received on the right to individual autonomy, which denotes the preeminence of moral values ​​in force in each context examined. It can even be said that palliative care promotes the demedicalization of death.Introdução: Como a medicalização da morte entrou no cuidado paliativo e na vida do individuo como um todo, de seus familiares e de toda sua coletividade. Abrindo um novo olhar e um novo modo do cuidado. Objetivo: entender como o cuidado paliativo inseriu a medicalização da morte em seu processo histórico, podendo assim modificar seus cenários e&nbsp; toda abordagem do processo de transformação do cuidado, ocorrido a partir da secularização. Visto como a perda da sagacidade e leigo, a categoria da&nbsp; expectativa de conhecer torna-se objeto de medicalização, adquirindo novos significados. Analise e discussão dos resultados:: Pode se dizer que a medicalização é um algo que tem se desde os séculos passados ate hoje, para todas as fases da vida. Colocando como um problema do processo de medicalização que não é recente, a medicalização já era inclusa na sociedade, sendo incluída no cuidado paliativo como relação à saúde e a construção de uma morte com dignidade, sendo que acalçaram o processo de desmedicalização da morte. Metodologia:tipo de revisão de artigo, haja vista que utilizou como base fontes secundarias para composição do artigo.Usamos como instrumento de coleta de dados por revisão bibliográficas. Com medicalização em ênfase no cuidado paliativo. Nesse passo utilizamos a abordagem qualitativa. Dessa froma pretende analisar pesquisas bibliográficas. Conclusão: Sempre houve a medicalização ao longo dos séculos, mas se consolidou a partir do momento em que falamos de medicalização ao nos referir que algo se tornou médico, portanto alvo de um olhar clínico, que analisa, diagnostica e prescreve formas de tratar o problema, conhecido como hospitalocêntrico na atenção a saúde. O cuidado paliativo entrou como uma forma de ver a morte de modo diferente, não a ver como o fim e sim de encarar a morte com novos olhares em frente a um grande processo para a morte, assim observando um propósito melhor a qualidade de vida do individuo e suas possíveis possibilidades, sempre valorizando a sua vontade, como dito, no destaque recebido ao direito de autonomia individual, o que denota a preeminência de valores morais vigentes em cada contexto examinado. Pode até se dizer que o cuidado paliativo é o promotor da desmedicalização da morte

AUTOIMAGEM DA MULHER MASTECTOMIZADA: IMPACTOS E REPERCUSSÕES ADVINDOS DO CÂNCER DE MAMA

Introduction: Self-image is defined as the way an individual perceives and feels about their own body. In addition, it is related to the concepts of ‘image’ and ‘body’, whose interpretation goes beyond language and encompasses a broader dimension by taking into account the uniqueness of each being. Objective: To promote reflection on the proposed theme. Methodology: This is a descriptive bibliographic review with a qualitative approach, analyzing scientific literature that refers us to the research object. The bibliographic research is based on already published material with the aim of analyzing different positions on a given subject. Analysis and discussion of results: The Enimar de Paula1; recommended care for mastectomized women are: avoiding sun exposure; not pressing on the side of the operated limb; being careful not to suffer burns, scratches and cuts; not receiving injections, vaccines or blood extraction on the upper limb homolateral to surgery; avoiding cuticle removal; not carrying weight; exercising upper limbs; among others. Conclusion: The nurse also has the duty to follow up on health education activities, which aim to provide information related to necessary care after mastectomy, which assists women in the recovery process.Introdução: A autoimagem é definida como a maneira pela qual um indivíduo se percebe e se sente em relação ao seu próprio corpo. Além disso, está relacionada aos conceitos de ‘imagem’ e ‘corpo’, cuja interpretação vai além da linguagem e abrange uma dimensão mais ampla ao levar em conta a singularidade de cada ser Objetivo: Promover flexão acerca da temática proposta Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, com análise de literaturas científicas que nos remetam ao objeto de pesquisa. A pesquisa bibliográfica é elaborada com base em material já publicado com o objetivo de analisar posições diversas em relação a determinado assunto Análise e discussão dos resultados: A importância de se adotarem as medidas diárias para a diminuição da probabilidade de complicações pós-operatórias. Dentre os cuidados recomendados às mulheres mastectomizadas, estão: evitar a exposição ao sol; não pressionar o lado do membro operado; ter cuidado para não sofrer queimaduras, arranhões e cortes; não receber injeções, vacinas ou extrair sangue no membro superior homolateral à cirurgia; evitar remover cutícula; não carregar peso; exercitar os membros superiores; entre outros Conclusão: O enfermeiro também tem o dever de acompanhar as atividades educativas em saúde, que objetivam fornecer informações relacionadas aos cuidados necessários após a mastectomia, que auxiliam a mulher no processo de recuperação

INTERFACE, CONTRIBUIÇÕES E REPERCUSSÕES DAS DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS PARA O PROCESSO SAÚDE-DOENÇA ONCOLÓGICO

Introduction: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and cancer are public health problems with an increasing incidence worldwide. Although they are distinct entities, there are several interfaces between NCDs and cancer, especially when it comes to modifiable and non-modifiable factors that contribute to the development of these diseases. In this scientific article, we explore the relationship between NCDs and cancer from an oncology perspective, analyzing the risk factors and underlying mechanisms that connect these conditions. In addition, we highlight the importance of early identification and intervention of these factors for the prevention and effective management of these diseases. Methodology: This is a descriptive bibliographical review with a qualitative approach, with analysis of scientific literature that refer us to the research object. Research is a systematic, controlled and critical reflective procedure that allows discovering new facts or data, relationships or laws, in any field of knowledge. Analysis and discussion of results: The purpose of this discussion is to analyze modifiable and non-modifiable factors from the perspective of oncology, specifically in the context of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Understanding these factors is essential for developing effective cancer prevention, early detection, and management strategies. Conclusion: the interface of NCDs and modifiable and non-modifiable factors from the perspective of oncology are extremely important in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Continued advances in research, education, and health policy are needed to address this global challenge and improve outcomes for patients with cancer and NCDs.Introdução: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) e o câncer são problemas de saúde pública com uma crescente incidência em todo o mundo. Embora sejam entidades distintas, existem diversas interfaces entre as DCNTs e o câncer, principalmente quando se trata dos fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis que contribuem para o desenvolvimento dessas doenças. Neste artigo científico, exploramos a relação entre as DCNTs e o câncer na perspectiva da oncologia, analisando os fatores de risco e os mecanismos subjacentes que conectam essas condições. Além disso, destacamos a importância da identificação e intervenção precoce desses fatores para a prevenção e o manejo eficaz dessas doenças. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, com análise de literaturas científicas que nos remetam ao objeto de pesquisa. A pesquisa é um procedimento reflexivo sistemático, controlado e crítico, que permite descobrir novos fatos ou dados, relações ou leis, em qualquer campo do conhecimento. Analise e discussão dos resultados: O objetivo desta discussão é analisar os fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis na perspectiva da oncologia, especificamente no contexto das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs). Compreender esses fatores é essencial para desenvolver estratégias efetivas de prevenção, detecção precoce e manejo do câncer. Conclusão: a interface das DCNTs e os fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis na perspectiva da oncologia são de extrema importância na prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer. Avanços contínuos na pesquisa, educação e políticas de saúde são necessários para enfrentar esse desafio global e melhorar os resultados para os pacientes com câncer e DCNTs

RECOMENDAÇÕES FRENTE AO CÂNCER DE COLO DE ÚTERO E DE MAMA: a educação em saúde como estratégia de prevenção para a saúde da mulher

&nbsp; Introduction: Among women worldwide, cervical and breast cancer are among the most prevalent types of cancer. Both cancers have a direct relationship with women's health and are preventable provided preventive measures are taken regularly. Objective: The general objective is to discuss the importance of awareness and care for women's health in the prevention of cervical and breast cancer. Methodology: This is a descriptive and qualitative bibliographic review with an analysis of scientific literature related to the research object. Analysis and discussion of results: Population awareness and health education are essential measures for preventing cervical and breast cancer. Awareness campaigns can contribute to the dissemination of information and reduce the incidence of these types of cancer. It is essential to be aware of the risk factors related to cervical and breast cancer to detect these diseases in early stages. By knowing the signs and symptoms of these neoplasms, women can seek medical help earlier, increasing the chances of cure and reducing mortality. Conclusion: Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing the incidence of cervical and breast cancer. Regular preventive examinations, vaccination, adoption of healthy lifestyles, and health education are some of the main preventive measures for these types of cancer.Introdução: Entre as mulheres em todo o mundo, o câncer de colo de útero e de mama estão entre os tipos de câncer mais prevalentes. Ambos os cânceres têm uma relação direta com a saúde feminina e são passíveis de prevenção, desde que medidas preventivas sejam tomadas de forma regular. Objetivo: tem como objetivo geral discutir a importância da conscientização e do cuidado com a saúde feminina na prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e de mama. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, com análise de literaturas científicas que nos remetam ao objeto de pesquisa. Analise e discussão dos resultados: A conscientização da população e a educação em saúde são medidas essenciais para a prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e mama. Campanhas de conscientização podem contribuir para a disseminação de informações e para a redução da incidência desses tipos de câncer. É fundamental estar ciente dos fatores de risco relacionados ao câncer de colo de útero e de mama para detectar essas doenças em estágios iniciais. Ao conhecer os sinais e sintomas dessas neoplasias, as mulheres podem procurar ajuda médica mais cedo, aumentando as chances de cura e reduzindo a mortalidade Conclusão: A prevenção desempenha um papel crucial na diminuição da ocorrência de câncer de colo de útero e mama. A realização regular de exames preventivos, a vacinação, a adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis e a educação em saúde são algumas das principais medidas preventivas para esses tipos de câncer

Sharing fishers´ ethnoecological knowledge of the European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) in the westernmost fishing community in Europe

Background: With the present difficulties in the conservation of sardines in the North Atlantic, it is important to investigate the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishermen about the biology and ecology of these fish. The ethnoecological data of European pilchard provided by local fishermen can be of importance for the management and conservation of this fishery resource. Thus, the present study recorded the ethnoecological knowledge of S. pilchardus in the traditional fishing community of Peniche, Portugal. Methods: This study was based on 87 semi-structured interviews conducted randomly from June to September 2016 in Peniche. The interview script contained two main points: Profile of fishermen and LEK on European pilchard. The ethnoecological data of sardines were compared with the scientific literature following an emic-etic approach. Data collected also were also analysed following the union model of the different individual competences and carefully explored to guarantee the objectivity of the study. Results: The profile of the fishermen was investigated and measured. Respondents provided detailed informal data on the taxonomy, habitat, behaviour, migration, development, spawning and fat accumulation season of sardines that showed agreements with the biological data already published on the species. The main uses of sardines by fishermen, as well as beliefs and food taboos have also been mentioned by the local community. Conclusions: The generated ethnoecological data can be used to improve the management of this fishery resource through an adaptive framework among the actors involved, in addition to providing data that can be tested in further ecological studies. Therefore, this local knowledge may have the capacity to contribute to more effective conservation actions for sardines in Portugal

Evaluating fishermen’s conservation attitudes and local ecological knowledge of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), Peniche, Portugal

Abstract Background European sardines are an important fishing resource in the North Atlantic. Recognized for its great commercial and economic value in southern Europe, this resource currently has low stock indices. From this perspective, fishers’ local ecological knowledge (LEK) is appreciated as an auxiliary tool in the management of sardines in this region. Our goal is to evaluate the LEK and attitudes towards the conservation of Sardina pilchardus in the typical fishing village of Peniche, Portugal. Methods From June to September 2016, we carried out 87 semi-structured interviews. The four main points of the interviews were interviewee profile, fishing structure, fishermen’s LEK and attitudes towards sardine conservation. The interviews were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using a 3-point Likert scale. An LEK index and an attitude index were generated. Comparison analyses and correlations were made between the indices and variables of the interviewee profile and the fishing structure. Results The mean LEK index was 0.55 and was classified as moderate. The attitudes index in relation to conservation was 0.76 and was classified as positive. This index had a positive and significant correlation with the LEK index and a significant negative correlation with the fishermen’s age. When the LEK index was compared with the educational level, significant differences were observed only between class A and class C. The result showed that the differences in the attitudes index were statistically significant when the three educational classes were compared. Conclusions The fishermen of Peniche in Portugal present moderate informal knowledge about the biology and ecology of sardines. Attitudes towards conservation were predominantly positive. Fishermen with greater LEK, with a higher educational level and at a younger age presented more positive attitudes in relation to environmental conservation issues in the present case of the sardine population. The LEK is not necessarily related to the educational level of the fishermen. We suggest environmental education programs for the communities that depend on this resource. The use of LEK and fishermen’s perceptions can help in the management of the European sardine fishery in Portugal

Additional file 1: of Evaluating fishermen’s conservation attitudes and local ecological knowledge of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), Peniche, Portugal

Statement of Informed Consent (IC) and agreement to participate in the research. (DOCX 17 kb

A atuação do fluoreto na superfície dentária em relação aos processos de desmineralização e remineralização

O flúor é um mineral largamente distribuído na natureza e temcomo mecanismo de ação, no controle da cárie dentária, diminuir a desmineralização e ativar a remineralização do esmalte e dentina (CURY e TENUTA, 2010). Objetivo: Demonstrar, por esquematização, como os cristais de fluorapatita participam do processo de remineralização e no controle da cárie dentária