Diels (H.) Griechische Philosophie. Vorlesungsmitschrift aus dem Wintersemester 1897/98. Edited by Johannes Saltzwedel. Pp. xxii + 99, ills. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2010. Paper, €24. ISBN: 978-3-515-09609-6.

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively

Spatio-temporal risk assessment models for Lobesia botrana in uncolonized winegrowing areas

The objective of this work was to generate a series of equations to describe the voltinism of Lobesia botrana in the quarantine area of the main winemaking area of Argentina, Mendoza. To do this we considered an average climate scenario and extrapolatedthese equations to other winegrowing areas at risk of being invaded. A grid of 4 km2was used to generate statistics on L. botrana captures and the mean temperature accumulation for the pixel. Four sets of logistic regression were constructed using the percentage of accumulated trap catches/grid/week and the degree-day accumulation above7°C, from 1st July. By means of a habitat model, an extrapolation of the phenologicalmodel generated to other Argentine winemaking areas was evaluated. According to ourresults, it can be expected that 50% of male adult emergence for the first flight occurs at248.79 ± 4 degree-days (DD), in the second flight at 860.18 ± 4.1 DD, while in the thirdand the fourth flights, 1671.34 ± 5.8 DD and 2335.64 ± 4.3 DD, respectively. Subsequentclimatic comparison determined that climatic conditions of uncolonized areas of Cuyo Region have a similar suitability index to the quarantine area used to adjust the phenologicalmodel. The upper valley of Río Negro and Neuquén are environmentally similar. Valleys ofthe northwestern region of Argentina showed lower average suitability index and greatervariability among SI estimated by the algorithm considered. The combination of two models for the estimation of adult emergence time and potential distribution, can provide greater certainties in decision-making and risk assessment of invasive species.Fil: Heit, Guillermo Eugenio. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Sione, Walter Fabian. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos; ArgentinaFil: Aceñolaza, Pablo Gilberto. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentin

Pigment composition of the bright skin in the poison toad, Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Anura: Bufonidae) from Argentina

The determination of the basis of skin colour is important to better understand the evolutionary and ecological relevance of colour variation in aposematic species. Significant variation in bright skin colouration can be found between and within populations of the poison toad, Melanophryniscus rubriventris. In this study, we identified the pigments present in the skin in seven populations of the species in Argentina to determine pigment composition of bright colouration. Our analysis showed that at least four different primary pigments consisting of a suite of orange-red carotenes and yellow xanthophylls contribute to the bright skin colour in different populations of the species. Four carotenoids, Astaxanthin, β-Carotene, Canthaxanthin, and Lycopene were detected by comparison with available standards in skin tissues on each population. Four carotenoids were also detected but not identified. We provide evidence that differences in colouration between individuals and populations in Melanophryniscus rubriventris cannot be merely ascribed to differences in their skin pigment profiles (i.e. pigment types). We discuss alternative explanations and stress the need of more studies on complex mechanisms and interactions affecting the expression of skin colouration in poison frogs and toads.Fil: Bonansea, Maria Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Heit, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Vaira, Marcos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy; Argentin

Comparación de técnicas de clasificación deductivas para estimar la distribución potencial de insectos cuarentenarios

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el desempeño de los criterios de clasificación nítidos y difusos en la construcción de modelos deductivos de la distribución potencial de insectos exóticos. Considerando criterios de clasificación binaria nítida y difusa, de capas ráster de temperatura máxima, media y mínima diaria, se generó un índice de riesgo bioclimático relativo, considerando el número de días con condiciones óptimas para el desarrollo de Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) y Cerotoma arcuatus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad de los modelos. Los modelos deductivos de distribución potencial de especies realizados mediante clasificación difusa, serían más robustos y menos restrictivos en la determinación de áreas de riesgo fitosanitario potencial que aquellos realizados con criterios de clasificación nítidos. Estos últimos serían más sensibles y tendrían mayor capacidad de discriminar áreas con diferentes perfiles de riesgo ambiental.The objective of this paper was to evaluate the performance of crisp and fuzzy classification criteria in the construction of deductive potential distribution models of exotic insects. As case studies, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Cerotoma arcuatus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were selected. Considering crisp and fuzzy classification for raster layers of maximum, average and minimum daily temperature, a relative bioclimatic risk index was generated. The number of days with optimal conditions for pests’ development was considered. Sensitivity analyses of both models were performed. Considering each case evaluated and the variables used, deductive pest distribution models made by fuzzy classification was more robust and less conservative in the determination of potential phytosanitary risk areas than those made with crisp classification criteria. This last case was more sensitive and would have a greater capacity to discriminate areas with different environmental risk profiles.Fil: Heit, Guillermo Eugenio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Sione, Walter Fabian. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Rí­os. Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro Regional de Geomática; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Claps, Lucia Elena. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Superior de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Aceñolaza, Pablo Gilberto. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentin

Urinary Biomarkers Under Investigation for Overactive Bladder Syndrome

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptom syndrome of urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia, and urge incontinence suggestive of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Detrusor overactivity (DO) during urodynamic testing may be the cause of symptoms in 54–70 % of OAB study participants. The identification of urinary biomarkers is warranted due to the high false negative rate of urodynamic testing results for the diagnosis of DO and for the evaluation of treatment response in study participants with OAB symptoms. We reviewed the published literature on urinary biomarkers under investigation for OAB with Pub Med up to June 2015 using search keywords that included “overactive bladder,” “nerve growth factor (NGF),” “brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF),” “prostaglandins,” “cytokines,” and “CRP.” Current evidence suggests that NGF and BDNF appear to be most promising candidates for urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis and the evaluation treatment response

Nuevos avances en relación con las prácticas económicas de los grupos pedemontanos de la cuenca del San Francisco (noroeste de Argentina, 800 a. C.-500 d. C.) a través de marcadores biomoleculares y microrrestos vegetales

The results of gaseous chromatography analyses for bio-molecular (fat acids) markers carried out on pottery fragments associated to San Francisco Tradition (800 BC-AD 500) are presented. These analyses were complemented with starch and phytolite studies in order to determine more accurately substances and resources that were in contact with pottery container walls. Implications of the results are discussed in the light of economic models traditionally proposed for societies that occupied the foothill region of the San Francisco Valley.Se presentan los resultados de análisis de cromatografía gaseosa para la detección de marcadores biomoleculares (ácidos grasos) efectuados en fragmentos cerámicos asociados a la Tradición San Francisco (800 a. C.-500 d. C.). Estos análisis fueron complementados con estudios de almidones y fitolitos a efectos de determinar con mayor precisión las sustancias y recursos que estuvieron en contacto con las paredes de los contenedores cerámicos. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados a la luz de los modelos económicos tradicionalmente propuestos para las sociedades que ocuparon la región pedemontana del valle de San Francisco

Metacognition and confidence: comparing math to other academic subjects

Two studies addressed student metacognition in math, measuring confidence accuracy about math performance. Underconfidence would be expected in light of pervasive math anxiety. However, one might alternatively expect overconfidence based on previous results showing overconfidence in other subject domains. Metacognitive judgments and performance were assessed for biology, literature, and mathematics tests. In Study 1, high school students took three different tests and provided estimates of their performance both before and after taking each test. In Study 2, undergraduates similarly took three shortened SAT II Subject Tests. Students were overconfident in predicting math performance, indeed showing greater overconfidence compared to other academic subjects. It appears that both overconfidence and anxiety can adversely affect metacognitive ability and can lead to math avoidance. The results have implications for educational practice and other environments that require extensive use of math

Increasing Anteroposterior Genital Hiatus Widening Does Not Limit Apical Descent for Prolapse Staging during Valsalva’s Maneuver: Effect on Symptom Severity and Surgical Decision Making

Objective: Determine if anteroposterior genital hiatus (GH) widening obscures rather than facilitates signs and symptoms, inadvertently altering management decisions for women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) during Valsalva's Maneuver, at a given total vaginal length (TVL). Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort with nested cross-sectional study of patients who underwent POP surgery. Data from obstetric and gynecologic history, preoperative and postoperative physical examinations, and 20-item Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and 7-item Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) scores were extracted. Study participants were compared in 2 groups: anteroposterior widened (>3 cm) and not widened (<=3 cm) GH, for baseline leading edge and POP stage, while controlling for TVL. Baseline PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores were evaluated within GH groups. Delta GH, PFDI-20, and PFIQ-7 scores after apical suspension with and without posterior colporrhaphy were compared to assess the clinical value of the procedure. Results: Study participants with anteroposterior GH widening during Valsalva maneuver had greater baseline leading edge descent and higher POP stage compared with those without anteroposterior GH widening after controlling for TVL. Baseline PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores were similar within both GH categories controlling for prolapse severity. Adding posterior colporrhaphy to apical suspension resulted in a greater anteroposterior GH reduction without improving delta PFDI-20 or PFIQ-7 scores. Conclusions: Facilitation through herniation rather than obscuration from anteroposterior GH widening explains why patients will not be undertreated based on signs and symptoms of disease. Adding posterior colporrhaphy to apical suspension more effectively reduces anteroposterior GH widening without differential improvement in symptoms rendering the operation to no more than a cosmetic procedure

Raising argument strength using negative evidence: A constraint on models of induction

Both intuitively, and according to similarity-based theories of induction, relevant evidence raises argument strength when it is positive and lowers it when it is negative. In three experiments, we tested the hypothesis that argument strength can actually increase when negative evidence is introduced. Two kinds of argument were compared through forced choice or sequential evaluation: single positive arguments (e.g., “Shostakovich’s music causes alpha waves in the brain; therefore, Bach’s music causes alpha waves in the brain”) and double mixed arguments (e.g., “Shostakovich’s music causes alpha waves in the brain, X’s music DOES NOT; therefore, Bach’s music causes alpha waves in the brain”). Negative evidence in the second premise lowered credence when it applied to an item X from the same subcategory (e.g., Haydn) and raised it when it applied to a different subcategory (e.g., AC/DC). The results constitute a new constraint on models of induction