Spatial clusters of daytime sleepiness and association with nighttime noise levels in a Swiss general population (GeoHypnoLaus).

Daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent in the general adult population and has been linked to an increased risk of workplace and vehicle accidents, lower professional performance and poorer health. Despite the established relationship between noise and daytime sleepiness, little research has explored the individual-level spatial distribution of noise-related sleep disturbances. We assessed the spatial dependence of daytime sleepiness and tested whether clusters of individuals exhibiting higher daytime sleepiness were characterized by higher nocturnal noise levels than other clusters. Population-based cross-sectional study, in the city of Lausanne, Switzerland. Sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for 3697 georeferenced individuals from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus cohort (period = 2009-2012). We used the sonBASE georeferenced database produced by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment to characterize nighttime road traffic noise exposure throughout the city. We used the GeoDa software program to calculate the Getis-Ord G <sub>i</sub> * statistics for unadjusted and adjusted ESS in order to detect spatial clusters of high and low ESS values. Modeled nighttime noise exposure from road and rail traffic was compared across ESS clusters. Daytime sleepiness was not randomly distributed and showed a significant spatial dependence. The median nighttime traffic noise exposure was significantly different across the three ESS Getis cluster classes (p < 0.001). The mean nighttime noise exposure in the high ESS cluster class was 47.6, dB(A) 5.2 dB(A) higher than in low clusters (p < 0.001) and 2.1 dB(A) higher than in the neutral class (p < 0.001). These associations were independent of major potential confounders including body mass index and neighborhood income level. Clusters of higher daytime sleepiness in adults are associated with higher median nighttime noise levels. The identification of these clusters can guide tailored public health interventions

Multi-ancestry sleep-by-SNP interaction analysis in 126,926 individuals reveals lipid loci stratified by sleep duration.

Both short and long sleep are associated with an adverse lipid profile, likely through different biological pathways. To elucidate the biology of sleep-associated adverse lipid profile, we conduct multi-ancestry genome-wide sleep-SNP interaction analyses on three lipid traits (HDL-c, LDL-c and triglycerides). In the total study sample (discovery + replication) of 126,926 individuals from 5 different ancestry groups, when considering either long or short total sleep time interactions in joint analyses, we identify 49 previously unreported lipid loci, and 10 additional previously unreported lipid loci in a restricted sample of European-ancestry cohorts. In addition, we identify new gene-sleep interactions for known lipid loci such as LPL and PCSK9. The previously unreported lipid loci have a modest explained variance in lipid levels: most notable, gene-short-sleep interactions explain 4.25% of the variance in triglyceride level. Collectively, these findings contribute to our understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in sleep-associated adverse lipid profiles

Does workplace telepressure get under the skin? Protocol for an ambulatory assessment study on wellbeing and health-related physiological, experiential, and behavioral concomitants of workplace telepressure

Abstract Background The daily working life of many employees requires the use of modern information and communication technology (ICT) devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. The double-edged nature of digital work environments has been increasingly highlighted. Benefits such as increased flexibility come at a personal cost. One of the potential downsides is workplace telepressure, i.e., the experience of urge and preoccupation to quickly reply to work-related messages and demands using ICT. There is initial − mainly survey-based−evidence that workplace telepressure may have negative effects on a variety of wellbeing and health outcomes. Aims and hypotheses Adopting the Effort-Recovery Model and the concept of allostatic load as theoretical frameworks, the present study aims to investigate the hypothesis that workplace telepressure is significantly associated with increased “wear and tear”, in the form of more psychosomatic complaints, worse sleep quality (self-reported and actigraphy-based), worse mood, and biological alterations (lower cardiac vagal tone, lower anabolic balance defined as the ratio of salivary dehydroepiandrosterone to salivary cortisol, and higher salivary alpha-amylase). Additionally, the study aims to investigate the hypothesis that connection to work defined as work-related workload and work-related perseverative cognition plays a significant role in the mediation of these relationships. Methods To test our hypotheses, we will conduct an ambulatory assessment study with a convenience sample of 120 healthy workers regularly using ICTs for job communication. For one week, participants will be asked to complete electronic diaries assessing their level of workplace telepressure, psychosomatic complaints, sleep quality, mood, work-related workload, and work-related perseverative cognition. They will also continuously wear the Bittium Faros 180L ECG monitor, the wrist-worn actigraph MotionWatch 8, and perform saliva sampling five times per day. Discussion This study will be the most comprehensive ambulatory investigation of workplace telepressure and its psychophysiological concomitants to date and constitutes an important step towards understanding how high levels of workplace telepressure may lead in the long term to secondary alterations (e.g., hypertension, chronic inflammation) and disease (e.g., heart disease). The findings of this study are also anticipated to contribute to guiding the development and implementation of interventions, programs, and policies relevant to employees’ digital wellbeing

Intrathecal morphine and sleep apnoea severity in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty: a randomised, controlled, triple-blinded trial

Intrathecal morphine prolongs analgesia after surgery, but has been implicated in postoperative respiratory depression or apnoeic episodes. However, this has not been investigated in a prospective trial using respiratory polygraphy. This randomised controlled triple-blinded trial tested the hypothesis that intrathecal morphine increases sleep apnoea severity, measured using respiratory polygraphy. Sixty subjects undergoing hip arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia received either 15 mg isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% with 0.5 ml normal saline 0.9% (control group) or 15 mg isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% with 0.5 ml intrathecal morphine 100 μg (intrathecal morphine group). Respiratory polygraphy was performed before surgery and on the first and third postoperative nights. The primary outcome was the apnoea-hypopnoea index in the supine position (supine AHI) on the first postoperative night. Secondary outcomes included supine AHI on the third postoperative night, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and ventilatory frequency during the first and third postoperative nights. On the first postoperative night, mean (95% confidence interval) values for supine AHI were 20.6 (13.9-27.3) and 21.2 (12.4-30.0) events h <sup>-1</sup> in the control and intrathecal morphine groups, respectively (P=0.90). There were no significant between-group differences for any of the secondary outcomes, except for a significantly higher central and mixed apnoea index preoperatively and significantly lower mean SpO <sub>2</sub> on the third postoperative night in the control group. Intrathecal morphine did not increase sleep apnoea severity when measured using respiratory polygraphy. Of note, all patients had an increased number of apnoeic episodes on the third postoperative night. NCT02566226

Post-H1N1 flu vaccination narcolepsy in Switzerland: a retrospective survey in the 30 sleep-certified Swiss centers

Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a sleep-wake disorder and suggested to be immune-mediated, involving genetic and environmental factors. The autoimmune process eventually leads to a loss of hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Epidemiological studies in several countries proved an increased incidence of narcolepsy after H1N1 flu vaccination and infection. This survey in 30 sleep centers in Switzerland led to the identification of 9 H1N1-vaccinated children and adults as newly diagnosed narcolepsy. Clinical features included the abrupt and severe onset of sleepiness, cataplexy and sleep fragmentation

Sleep characteristics and self-rated health in older persons.

It remains unclear, how much older persons' sleep problems are due to age-related changes in sleep architecture and pattern, or whether they are a consequence of health problems. This work aimed to examine the association between sleep characteristics and self-rated health, taking into account potential confounders. Data about sleep, including sleep efficiency (ratio of sleep duration to the amount of time spent in bed, considered as good if > 85%), as well as health-rated characteristics were self-reported by community-dwelling persons enrolled in the Lausanne cohort 65+ study (n = 2712, age 66-75 years). Participants' subjective health was categorized as good versus poor. The cross-sectional association between good self-rated health and sleep characteristics was examined in bivariate and multivariate analysis. The majority of participants (68.4%) rated their health as good. Compared to the participants with poor-rated health, they more often reported a good sleep efficiency (59.5% vs 45.0%, p < 0.001) and less often reported napping (41.6% vs 54.0%, p < 0.001) as well as using sleep medication (12.7% vs 31.8%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for comorbidity, depressive symptoms and cognitive difficulties, a positive association persisted between good sleep efficiency and good self-rated health (adjOR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.66). Regular napping remained negatively associated to feel healthy (adjOR: 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.79). Sleep efficiency is positively associated with subjective health, whereas napping and use of sleep medication are negatively associated to rating own health as good. These associations need to be further investigated in longitudinal analyses to better understand causality

The association between objective sleep duration and diet. The CoLaus|HypnoLaus study

Background and aims: Sleep deprivation is frequently associated with an unhealthy diet. So far, most studies used reported sleep duration. We assessed the associations between objectively measured sleep duration and dietary intake. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between 2009 and 2013 on 1910 participants (49.5% women, 58.3 +/- 11.0 years) living in Lausanne, Switzerland. Total sleep time (TST) was assessed using polysomnography and categorized into <7, 7-9 and >9 hours/day. Total energy, macro and micronutrients intake, dietary adequacy scores and compliance to Swiss dietary recommendations were assessed. Results: There were 60.6%, 37.2% and 2.2% of the participants in the categories <7, 7-9 and >9 h/day, respectively. Body mass index was higher in the >9 h/d sleep category. After multivariate adjustment, significant (p < 0.05) differences were found between sleep categories regarding total carbohydrates (46.6 +/- 8.6, 46.0 +/- 8.8 and 48.1 +/- 8.0% of total energy intake for <7, 7-9 and >9 h/day, respectively), mono and disaccharides (22.7 +/- 8.0, 22.4 +/- 8.3 and 25.2 +/- 8.8), and total fat (33.9 +/- 6.4, 34.7 +/- 6.9 and 34.2 +/- 5.8). No association was found for total energy intake, other nutrients, dietary adequacy scores, dietary patterns or compliance to dietary guidelines. The differences in mono and disaccharides were found in women and the differences in total fat in men, although sex-diet intake interactions were not significant. Sensitivity analyses excluding participants with sleep apnea, using quartiles of TST or subjective sleep duration yielded similar conclusions. Conclusion: Little if no associations were found between objectively measured TST and dietary intake in a Swiss general adult population. The associations with total carbohydrate, mono and disaccharide and total fat intake deserve further investigation. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism