Determination and dynamic compensation of fictitious power in electric power systems

D.Ing. (Electrical & Electronic Engineering)Please refer to full text to view abstrac

Small angle neutron scattering observation of chain retraction after a large step deformation

The process of retraction in entangled linear chains after a fast nonlinear stretch was detected from time-resolved but quenched small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on long, well-entangled polyisoprene chains. The statically obtained SANS data cover the relevant time regime for retraction, and they provide a direct, microscopic verification of this nonlinear process as predicted by the tube model. Clear, quantitative agreement is found with recent theories of contour length fluctuations and convective constraint release, using parameters obtained mainly from linear rheology. The theory captures the full range of scattering vectors once the crossover to fluctuations on length scales below the tube diameter is accounted for

Creating, Reinterpreting, Combining, Cuing: Paper Practices on the Shopfloor

Despite the advent of a flurry of digital technologies, paper prevails on manufacturing shopfloors. To understand the roles and value of paper on the shopfloor, we have studied the manufacturing practices at two state-of-the-art automotive supplier facilities, applying ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, as well as photo and document analysis. We find that paper has unique affordances that today’s digital technologies cannot easily supplant on current shopfloors. More specifically, we find four paper practices: (1) creating and adapting individual information spaces, (2) reinterpreting information, (3) combining information handover with social interaction, and (4) visual cuing. We discuss these practices and the unique affordance of paper that currently support shopfloor workers and also consider the limitations of paper, which are becoming increasingly apparent, since more tasks increasingly depend on real-time information

Developing Translation Competence in Thermal Power Engineering Students

An engineering graduate today should be able to apply a variety of professional and the so-called deep learning competences including communication and translation competence. The paper gives a review of the notion of translation competence and presents key pre-requisites and creative tasks that enable thermal power engineering students of the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, develop and master translation competence

Enhancing the Stabilization Potential of Lyophilization for Extracellular Vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are an emerging technology as immune therapeutics and drug delivery vehicles. However, EVs are usually stored at −80 °C which limits potential clinical applicability. Freeze-drying of EVs striving for long-term stable formulations is therefore studied. The most appropriate formulation parameters are identified in freeze-thawing studies with two different EV types. After a freeze-drying feasibility study, four lyophilized EV formulations are tested for storage stability for up to 6 months. Freeze-thawing studies revealed improved colloidal EV stability in presence of sucrose or potassium phosphate buffer instead of sodium phosphate buffer or phosphate-buffered saline. Less aggregation and/or vesicle fusion occurred at neutral pH compared to slightly acidic or alkaline pH. EVs colloidal stability can be most effectively preserved by addition of low amounts of poloxamer 188. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone failed to preserve EVs upon freeze-drying. Particle size and concentration of EVs are retained over 6 months at 40 °C in lyophilizates containing 10 mm K- or Na-phosphate buffer, 0.02% poloxamer 188, and 5% sucrose. The biological activity of associated beta-glucuronidase is maintained for 1 month, but decreased after 6 months. Here optimized parameters for lyophilization of EVs that contribute to generate long-term stable EV formulations are presented. © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley-VCH Gmb

Entwicklungs- und Designmethoden für hochintegrale Leichtbauteile aus Faser-Kunststoff-Verbundmaterial

Aus der Einleitung: "Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund (FKV)-Werkstoffe finden einen immer breiteren Einsatz in allen Bereichen der Industrie, wie zum Beispiel in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, im Automotive-Bereich, im Maschinenbau und bei Sportgeräten. Dabei entstehen besondere Herausforderungen für Entwickler, da Eigenschaften und Verfahren im Zusammenhang dieser Werkstoffe sich deutlich von denen der herkömmlich verwendeten Metalle oder unverstärkten Kunststoffe unterscheiden. Technische Fasern werden in verschiedenen Verarbeitungsformen und in Kombination mit vielfältigen Matrixsystemen angewendet. Ein Großteil der Fasern wird heutzutage in Form von multiaxialen Geweben oder Gelegen verarbeitet. Bei diesen Halbzeugen sind die Fasern in mehreren Lagen unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung übereinandergelegt. Metalle können damit sehr einfach durch leichtere Faser- Kunststoffverbunde ersetzt werden. Diese Technologien versuchen weitestgehend isotrope Bauteileigenschaften aus den eigentlich anisotropen Materialeigenschaften zu erzielen. Dies reizt jedoch das Potential der Werkstoffe nicht aus.

Coupled molecular switching processes in ordered mono- and multilayers of stimuli-sesponsive rotaxanes on gold surfaces

Interfaces provide the structural basis for function as, for example, encountered in nature in the membrane-embedded photosystem or in technology in solar cells. Synthetic functional multilayers of molecules cooperating in a coupled manner can be fabricated on surfaces through layer-by-layer self-assembly. Ordered arrays of stimulus-responsive rotaxanes undergoing well-controlled axle shuttling are excellent candidates for coupled mechanical motion. Such stimulus-responsive surfaces may help integrate synthetic molecular machines in larger systems exhibiting even macroscopic effects or generating mechanical work from chemical energy through cooperative action. The present work demonstrates the successful deposition of ordered mono- and multilayers of chemically switchable rotaxanes on gold surfaces. Rotaxane mono- and multilayers are shown to reversibly switch in a coupled manner between two ordered states as revealed by linear dichroism effects in angle-resolved NEXAFS spectra. Such a concerted switching process is observed only when the surfaces are well packed, while less densely packed surfaces lacking lateral order do not exhibit such effect