Samarbetsplanen för bekämpning av fartygsoljeskador och fartygskemikalieolyckor på Finska vikens område

Suomenlahden alueen alusöljy- ja aluskemikaalivahinkojen torjunnan yhteistoimintasuunnitelma on laadittu Uudenmaan ELYkeskuksen johdolla eri viranomaisten yhteistyönä. Suunnitelma perustuu öljyvahinkojen torjuntalain 13. §:ään. Suunnitelman tarkoituksena on varmistaa torjuntatöiden nopea käynnistyminen ja laadukas toteuttaminen viranomaisten yhteistoimin kaikissa toiminta-alueen vahinkotilanteissa. Suunnitelmassa on esitetty Suomenlahden alueen erityispiirteitä sekä eri viranomaisten ja muiden torjuntaan osallistuvien tehtäviä ja resursseja. Suunnitelmassa kuvataan torjuntatyön eri vaiheita ja toimenpiteitä. Torjuntajärjestelyt perustuvat ensisijaisesti pelastustoimen, muiden torjuntaviranomaisten sekä virka-apuviranomaisten yhteistoimintaan. Suurten merialueella tapahtuvien vahinkojen torjunnassa tarvitaan aina resursseja yhteistoiminta-alueen ulkopuolelta. Yhteistyötä ja koordinaatiota yhteistoiminta-alueiden välillä ja valtakunnallisella tasolla tulee kehittää. Kokonaisuus muun muassa päivitettyine uhkakuvineen tulee laatia valtakunnallisen torjuntastrategian muotoon. Suunnitelman laatimisen aikana kirjattujen kehittämistarpeiden toimenpanoa pyritään edistämään lähivuosina.Samarbetsplanen för bekämpning av fartygsoljeskador och fartygskemikalieolyckor på Finska vikens område har under ledningen av NTMcentralen utarbetats i samarbete mellan flera myndigheter. Planen grundar sig på 13 § i lagen om bekämpning av oljeskador. Syftet med planen är att säkerställa att bekämpningsåtgärderna inleds snabbt och genomförs högklassigt i samarbete mellan myndigheterna i alla olyckssituationer inom verksamhetsområdet. I planen har både Finska vikens särdrag samt olika myndigheters och andra deltagande instansers uppgifter och resurser presenterats. I planen beskrivs de olika skedena och åtgärderna i bekämpningsarbetet. Organisering av bekämpning grundar sig främst på samarbetet mellan räddningsväsendet och övriga bekämpningsmyndigheter samt handräckningsmyndigheter. I bekämpningen av stora olyckor som sker på havsområden behövs alltid resurser som inte ingår i samarbetsområdet. Samarbetet och koordinationen mellan samarbetsområdena och på nationell nivå bör utvecklas. En helhet som bland annat omfattar uppdaterade hotbilder ska utarbetas så att den motsvarar den nationella bekämpningsstrategin. Man strävar efter att inom de närmaste åren främja verkställande av de utvecklingsbehov som antecknats under utarbetande av planen

Specific niche characteristics facilitate the invasion of an alien fish invader in boreal streams

We studied the ecological niche relations of native stream fish and an alien invader, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), to examine if brook trout had located an underused environmental niche in our boreal study system. In both study years (1994 versus 2004), we found brook trout to have the most marginal niche position of all the fish species examined. The most important environmental variable affecting the distribution of brook trout was pH, with acid headwater sites being dominated by this species. Brown trout, in contrast, had relatively nonmarginal niche, occurring in average conditions across the sampled sites. Other fish species had niche positions between the two salmonids. Our results show that fish invasions may be strongly facilitated by the presence of suboptimally occupied environmental niche space in the recipient river system

Accuracy of prehospital clinicians' perceived prognostication of long-term survival in critically ill patients : a nationwide retrospective cohort study on helicopter emergency service patients

Objectives Prehospital critical care physicians regularly attend to patients with poor prognosis and may limit the advanced therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of poor prognosis given by prehospital critical care clinicians. Design Cohort study. Setting We performed a retrospective cohort study using the national helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) quality database. Participants Patients classified by the HEMS clinician to have survived until hospital admission solely because of prehospital interventions but evaluated as having no long-term survival by prehospital clinician, were included. Primary and secondary outcome The survival of the study patients was examined at 30 days, 1 year and 3 years. Results Of 36 715 patients encountered by the HEMS during the study period, 2053 patients were classified as having no long-term survival and included. At 30 days, 713 (35%, 95% CI 33% to 37%) were still alive and 69 were lost to follow-up. Furthermore, at 1 year 524 (26%) and at 3 years 267 (13%) of the patients were still alive. The deceased patients received more often prehospital rapid sequence intubation and vasoactives, compared with patients alive at 30 days. Patients deceased at 30 days were older and had lower initial Glasgow Coma Scores. Otherwise, no clinically relevant difference was found in the prehospital vital parameters between the survivors and non-survivors. Conclusions The prognostication of long-term survival for critically ill patients by a prehospital critical care clinician seems to fulfil only moderately. A prognosis based on clinical judgement must be handled with a great degree of caution and decision on limitation of advanced care should be made cautiously.Peer reviewe

Hole misalignment and gain performance of Gaseous Electron Multipliers

It is well known and has been shown that the gain performance of Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEM) depends on the size of the holes. With an optical scanner it is possible to measure the dimensions of the holes, and to predict the performance of GEMs. However, the gain prediction of GEMs that are manufactured with a double mask etching technique is not straightforward. With the hole size information alone, it is not possible to make precise prediction of the gain. We show that the alignment of the photo-masks between the two sides of the GEM foils plays a crucial role. A misalignment of a few microns can lower the gain substantially. The study is performed by using the Helsinki high definition optical scanner for quality control of GEM foils, and this will show its true potential.Peer reviewe

The development of emergency medical services benefit score : a European Delphi study

Publisher Copyright: © 2021. The Author(s).BACKGROUND: The helicopter emergency services (HEMS) Benefit Score (HBS) is a nine-level scoring system developed to evaluate the benefits of HEMS missions. The HBS has been in clinical use for two decades in its original form. Advances in prehospital care, however, have produced demand for a revision of the HBS. Therefore, we developed the emergency medical services (EMS) Benefit Score (EBS) based on the former HBS. As reflected by its name, the aim of the EBS is to measure the benefits produced by the whole EMS systems to patients. METHODS: This is a four-round, web-based, international Delphi consensus study with a consensus definition made by experts from seven countries. Participants reviewed items of the revised HBS on a 5-point Likert scale. A content validity index (CVI) was calculated, and agreement was defined as a 70% CVI. Study included experts from seven European countries. Of these, 18 were prehospital expert panellists and 11 were in-hospital commentary board members. RESULTS: The first Delphi round resulted in 1248 intervention examples divided into ten diagnostic categories. After removing overlapping examples, 413 interventions were included in the second Delphi round, which resulted in 38 examples divided into HBS categories 3-8. In the third Delphi round, these resulted in 37 prehospital interventions, examples of which were given revised version of the score. In the fourth and final Delphi round, the expert panel was given an opportunity to accept or comment on the revised scoring system. CONCLUSIONS: The former HBS was revised by a Delphi methodology and EBS developed to represent its structural purpose better. The EBS includes 37 exemplar prehospital interventions to guide its clinical use. Trial registration The study permission was requested and granted by Turku University Hospital (decision number TP2/010/18).Peer reviewe

Accuracy of prehospital clinicians' perceived prognostication of long-term survival in critically ill patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study on helicopter emergency service patients

Objectives Prehospital critical care physicians regularly attend to patients with poor prognosis and may limit the advanced therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of poor prognosis given by prehospital critical care clinicians.Design Cohort study.Setting We performed a retrospective cohort study using the national helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) quality database.Participants Patients classified by the HEMS clinician to have survived until hospital admission solely because of prehospital interventions but evaluated as having no long-term survival by prehospital clinician, were included.Primary and secondary outcome The survival of the study patients was examined at 30 days, 1 year and 3 years.Results Of 36 715 patients encountered by the HEMS during the study period, 2053 patients were classified as having no long-term survival and included. At 30 days, 713 (35%, 95% CI 33% to 37%) were still alive and 69 were lost to follow-up. Furthermore, at 1 year 524 (26%) and at 3 years 267 (13%) of the patients were still alive. The deceased patients received more often prehospital rapid sequence intubation and vasoactives, compared with patients alive at 30 days. Patients deceased at 30 days were older and had lower initial Glasgow Coma Scores. Otherwise, no clinically relevant difference was found in the prehospital vital parameters between the survivors and non-survivors.Conclusions The prognostication of long-term survival for critically ill patients by a prehospital critical care clinician seems to fulfil only moderately. A prognosis based on clinical judgement must be handled with a great degree of caution and decision on limitation of advanced care should be made cautiously.</p

The development of emergency medical services benefit score: a European Delphi study

BackgroundThe helicopter emergency services (HEMS) Benefit Score (HBS) is a nine-level scoring system developed to evaluate the benefits of HEMS missions. The HBS has been in clinical use for two decades in its original form. Advances in prehospital care, however, have produced demand for a revision of the HBS. Therefore, we developed the emergency medical services (EMS) Benefit Score (EBS) based on the former HBS. As reflected by its name, the aim of the EBS is to measure the benefits produced by the whole EMS systems to patients.MethodsThis is a four-round, web-based, international Delphi consensus study with a consensus definition made by experts from seven countries. Participants reviewed items of the revised HBS on a 5-point Likert scale. A content validity index (CVI) was calculated, and agreement was defined as a 70% CVI. Study included experts from seven European countries. Of these, 18 were prehospital expert panellists and 11 were in-hospital commentary board members.ResultsThe first Delphi round resulted in 1248 intervention examples divided into ten diagnostic categories. After removing overlapping examples, 413 interventions were included in the second Delphi round, which resulted in 38 examples divided into HBS categories 3–8. In the third Delphi round, these resulted in 37 prehospital interventions, examples of which were given revised version of the score. In the fourth and final Delphi round, the expert panel was given an opportunity to accept or comment on the revised scoring system.ConclusionsThe former HBS was revised by a Delphi methodology and EBS developed to represent its structural purpose better. The EBS includes 37 exemplar prehospital interventions to guide its clinical use.Trial registration The study permission was requested and granted by Turku University Hospital (decision number TP2/010/18).</p

TOTEM Physics

This article discusses the physics programme of the TOTEM experiment at the LHC. A new special beam optics with beta* = 90 m, enabling the measurements of the total cross-section, elastic pp scattering and diffractive phenomena already at early LHC runs, is explained. For this and the various other TOTEM running scenarios, the acceptances of the leading proton detectors and of the forward tracking stations for some physics processes are described.Peer reviewe

Characterization of the Structural and Functional Determinants of MANF/CDNF in Drosophila In Vivo Model

Peer reviewe