Liimanninkosken lehdon kasvillisuus

liitteit

Markkinapotentiaalin selvittäminen tuotteelle X

Opinnäytetyö tehtiin toimeksiantona yritykselle X. (Salaista tietoa.) Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tehdä markkinatutkimus uuden tuotteen markkinapotentiaalista ja tutkia tuoteidean menestysmahdollisuuksia. Markkinatutkimuksen apuvälineenä käytettiin lähtökohta-analyysiä. Tutkimuksen perusteella yritys saa tietoa tuotekehityksen tueksi ja voi tehdä päätöksen tuotteen lanseeraamisesta. Työn ulkopuolelle on jätetty tuotteen lainsäädäntöön liittyvät seikat. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin kesän ja syksyn 2015 aikana. Työn teoriaosuus käsittelee kuluttajakäyttäytymistä, tuotekehitystä ja lanseerausta. Näiden teorioiden pohjalta on tutkittu tuotteen X markkinapotentiaalia. Tuotekehitys edellyttää kuluttajien tarpeiden ymmärtämistä, sillä kuluttajat tekevät ostopäätöksiä tarpeidensa pohjalta. Tuotekehitykseen tarvitaan tietoa kuluttajien toivomista ominaisuuksista, jotta lanseerattaessa tuote on toimiva ja siitä on todellista hyötyä asiakkaille. Tuotekehityksessä on oltava askeleen edellä teknologian suhteen, sillä se kehittyy nopeasti. Tällä hetkellä yhä useampi tuote tai palvelu on jo saatavilla mobiilina. Kyselytutkimuksessa keskitytään pääkaupunkiseudulla asuvien kuluttajien mielipiteisiin tuotteesta. Tutkimus toteutettiin kvantitatiivisena kyselytutkimuksena elo-syyskuun vaihteessa seitsemässä taloyhtiössä Helsingissä ja se jaettiin 399 kotitaloudelle. Tutkimustulosten perusteella (salaista tietoa.

Glutamate detection by amino functionalized tetrahedral amorphous carbon surfaces

Peer reviewe

Measuring and modelling the thermal behavior of LEDs in structural electronics

Abstract Structural electronics consists of printed electronics and silicon-based rigid electronics and load-bearing supporting parts of a device (plastic, glass etc.). One interesting example of structural electronics is large area elements in which light emitting diodes (LEDs) are embedded into the glass laminate. LEDs are used as light sources to create i.e. smart surfaces for the architectural and automotive industry. Once the LEDs are embedded into the structure, they undergo the high temperature conditions and stresses, which are known to have an impact on their lifetime. Many of these aspects are not known for structural electronics. In this study, a thermal simulation model for surface mounted LED on polymer substrate was designed in Comsol Multiphysics -simulation software and the validity of it was evaluated with T3ster measurements. According to measurements, the simulation model is accurate and temperature variations between the simulation and the measurement results was less than 1.0 %. Developed model could be used as a basis for designing the structural LED elements and evaluating their performance characteristics in different user cases

Atmospheric oxidation and carbon contamination of silver and its effect on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is considered a highly promising technology for different analytical purposes. The applications of SERS are still quite limited due its relatively poor quantitative repeatability and the fact that SERS is very sensitive to oxidation, which is a challenge especially with silver based SERS substrates. Here, the link between these phenomena is investigated by exposing silver SERS substrates to ambient laboratory air. We show that SERS intensity decreases exponentially after the exposure, which consequently leads to an increasing standard deviation (σ) in intensity. Within a five-hour measurement window, the SERS intensity already drops by 60%, while σ triples from 7% to 21%. The SERS results are supplemented by elemental analysis, which shows that oxidation and atmospheric carbon contamination coincide with the rapid SERS intensity decrease. The results emphasize how sensitive SERS is towards atmospheric contamination and how it can also reduce the measurement repeatability – even if the substrates are exposed to air just for a very short period of time

Hybrid thermal modeling to predict LED thermal behavior in hybrid electronics

Abstract Hybrid structural electronics (HSE) consists of printed electronics, conventional rigid electronics, and load-bearing supporting parts of a device (plastic, glass etc.). Extra-large area and flexible lighting elements with embedded light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an example of such applications. LEDs can be used, for example, as light sources, to create smart surfaces for the architectural or automotive industry. Once the LEDs are embedded into the structure, they cannot be replaced. To make sustainable HSE products with long lifetime, the new type of designs is needed. The elements of HSE undergo conditions with elevated thermal stresses while in operation. That is known to have an impact on their performance and lifetime, thus making a proper heat management of the LED crucial. Due to the novel additive manufacturing methods, structures, and unconventional material combinations, many thermal management related aspects are not known. In this study, a two-step hybrid method, including thermal modeling and measurements, is used to estimate the thermal behavior of a surface-mounted LED on polymer substrate used in HSE. The model is created and simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics. The validity and accuracy of the model’s thermal behavior are verified through measurements with thermal transient measurements. Based on the experimental verification, the proposed simulation model only has small (less than 2%) temperature variations when compared with measurements. Hence, the developed model can be used as a basis for designing structural LED elements and predicting their performance characteristics in different user cases