642 research outputs found
Instructional technology and decision making
If a new technology does not fit comfortably in the scheme of things or seems powerful enough to pose a threat, it is resisted until it can be reshaped into a tool
Ground Risk Assessment Service Provider (GRASP) Development Effort as a Supplemental Data Service Provider (SDSP) for Urban Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Operations
NASAs Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) project aims to enable the integration of new aviation paradigms such as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) while providing the necessary infrastructure for future concepts such as On-Demand Mobility (ODM) and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) operations in the National Airspace System (NAS). In order to do so, the UTM project has developed an architecture to allow communication among UAS operators, UAS Service Suppliers (USS), Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP), and the public. As part of this framework, the Supplemental Data Service Providers (SDSP) are envisioned as model and/or data based services that disseminate essential or enhanced information to ensure safe operations within low-altitude airspace. These services include terrain and obstacle data, specialized weather data, surveillance, constraint information, risk monitoring, etc. This paper highlights the development efforts of a non-participant casualty risk assessment SDSP called Ground Risk Assessment Service Provider (GRASP) which assists operators with preflight planning. GRASP is based on the previously introduced UTM Risk Assessment Framework (URAF) and allows UAS operators to simulate and visualize potential non-participant casualty risks associated with their proposed flight. The risk assessment capability also allows operators to revise their flight plans if the casualty risks are determined to be above acceptable thresholds. GRASP is configured to account for future improvements including servicing airborne aircraft as part of NASAs System-Wide Safety (SWS) project
The Making of Cultural Heritage
How does an artefact enter the corpus of national cultural heritage? The answer to this question offers a pragmatic understanding of the reasons why the expansion of national corpuses has been so widespread, generation after generation and especially during the last one. Of course, there are alsomore general “societal” or “cultural” reasons for such a worldwide phenomenon: a number of explanations have already been proposed by philosophers, historians, sociologists, anthropologists. However, one should not underestimate the effects of the inventorial techniques and methods of description used by the specialists of heritage, in that they tend to elevate the level of precision and of specialisation, hence to enlarge the criteria and to increase the number of artefacts worth entering their corpus. A close study of these actual criteria, through a survey conducted according to what is now called “pragmatic sociology” in France, allows us a deeper understanding of what defines cultural heritage, and of the effective values on which it relies: that is, the axiology of cultural heritage. Switching from “why” to “how&rdquo
Les valeurs scientifiques au travail
Cet article a pour objet les valeurs ayant cours aujourdâhui dans le monde de la science europĂ©enne, dĂ©gagĂ©es Ă partir dâentretiens semi-directifs avec des laurĂ©ats dâun grand prix de mĂ©decine et de biologie. CentrĂ©e sur la question, particuliĂšrement rĂ©vĂ©latrice, des prix scientifiques et de leurs effets sur la vie professionnelle, relationnelle ou privĂ©e, cette enquĂȘte visait la socialisation de la vie scientifique, dans la perspective dâune sociologie comprĂ©hensive et empirique des valeurs. Lâanalyse inductive du corpus nous a permis de distinguer deux grands couples dâoppositions : dâune part, entre « valeurs fondamentales » et « valeurs contextuelles » et, dâautre part, entre « valeurs publiques » (susceptibles dâĂȘtre publiquement revendiquĂ©es, en tant que valeurs de rĂ©fĂ©rences) et « valeurs privĂ©es » (qui orientent effectivement lâaction mais dâune façon difficilement revendicable en public). Lâarticle prĂ©sente un rĂ©pertoire des valeurs contextuelles, sous la forme dâune quinzaine de couples de qualificatifs opposĂ©s (du type individuel/collectif), dont le statut axiologique varie selon les contextes.This article addresses the values prevailing today in the sphere of European science, identified through semi-directive interviews with the winners of a grand prize in medicine and biology. Focussing on the particularly revealing question of scientific prizes and their effects on professional, relational or private life, this survey addressed the socialization of scientific life from the perspective of a comprehensive and empirical sociology of values. An inductive analysis of the data revealed two main pairs of oppositions â on the one hand, between âfundamental valuesâ and âcontextual valuesâ and, on the other, between âpublic valuesâ (that can be publicly proclaimed, as reference values) and âprivate valuesâ (which effectively guide the action but can hardly be proclaimed publicly). The article presents a list of contextual values in the form of some fifteen pairs of opposites (e.g. individual/collective) whose axiological status varies according to context.Este artĂculo tiene por objeto los valores que tienen curso hoy en el mundo de la ciencia europea, logrados a partir de entrevistas semidirigidas con laureados de un gran premio de medicina y biologĂa. Centrada en la cuestiĂłn, especialmente reveladora, de los premios cientĂficos y de sus efectos sobre la vida profesional, relacional o privada, esta investigaciĂłn contemplaba la socializaciĂłn de la vida cientĂfica, en la perspectiva de una sociologĂa comprensiva y empĂrica de los valores. El anĂĄlisis inductivo del corpus nos permitiĂł distinguir dos grandes pares de oposiciones : por una parte, entre âvalores fundamentalesâ y âvalores del contextoâ y, por otra parte, entre âvalores pĂșblicosâ (susceptibles de reivindicarse pĂșblicamente, como valores de referencia) y âvalores privadosâ (que orientan efectivamente la acciĂłn pero de una manera difĂcilmente reivindicables en pĂșblico). El artĂculo presenta un repertorio de los valores del contexto, en forma de una quincena de pares de calificativos opuestos (del tipo individual /colectivo), cuyo estatuto axiolĂłgico varĂa segĂșn los contextos
Creating and Testing Simulation Software
The goal of this project is to learn about the software development process, specifically the process to test and fix components of the software. The paper will cover the techniques of testing code, and the benefits of using one style of testing over another. It will also discuss the overall software design and development lifecycle, and how code testing plays an integral role in it. Coding is notorious for always needing to be debugged due to coding errors or faulty program design. Writing tests either before or during program creation that cover all aspects of the code provide a relatively easy way to locate and fix errors, which will in turn decrease the necessity to fix a program after it is released for common use. The backdrop for this paper is the Spaceport Command and Control System (SCCS) Simulation Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI), a project whose goal is to simulate a launch using simulated models of the ground systems and the connections between them and the control room. The simulations will be used for training and to ensure that all possible outcomes and complications are prepared for before the actual launch day. The code being tested is the Programmable Logic Controller Interface (PLCIF) code, the component responsible for transferring the information from the models to the model Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), basic computers that are used for very simple tasks
When is Artification?
How do people do or make things that come to be seen as works of art? In other words, when is there artification? The answer to this question is simultaneously symbolic, material, and contextual. It has to do with meanings, objects, interaction, and institutions. We seek to define not what art is nor how it should be considered, but how and under what circumstances it comes about by way of methodical observation and inquiry in a variety of fields. Circus acrobats, breakdancers, fashion designers, chefs, graffiti artists, printers, photographers, and jazz musicians are some of the examples we explore. This pragmatic and empirical perspective enables us to present a typology of forms of artification and examine its sources as well as the questions of de-artification and obstacles to artification
When is Artification?
How do people do or make things that come to be seen as works of art? In other words, when is there artification? The answer to this question is simultaneously symbolic, material, and contextual. It has to do with meanings, objects, interaction, and institutions. We seek to define not what art is nor how it should be considered, but how and under what circumstances it comes about by way of methodical observation and inquiry in a variety of fields. Circus acrobats, break-dancers, fashion designers, chefs, graffiti artists, printers, photographers, and jazz musicians are some of the examples we explore. This pragmatic and empirical perspective enables us to present a typology of forms of artification and examine its sources as well as the questions of de-artification and obstacles to artification
Pour une sociologie axiologique
Ayant proposĂ© Ă la discussion de ses collĂšgues un rĂ©sumĂ© en dix points de son livre Des valeurs. Une approche sociologique, Nathalie Heinich rĂ©pond aux commentaires de Laurence Kaufmann et Philippe Gonzalez, de Danilo Martuccelli, et de Louis QuĂ©rĂ©, ainsi quâau compte rendu publiĂ© dans la mĂȘme livraison de Questions de communication par HervĂ© Glevarec. Sont ainsi abordĂ©es successivement neuf thĂ©matiques : les questions de vocabulaire, les questions de pertinence ou de non-pertinence de certaines problĂ©matiques (la nature, la religion), la question des Ă©motions, le statut ontologique de lâattribution de valeur, le statut de la « grammaire » axiologique et sa visĂ©e explicative ou comprĂ©hensive, lâhistoricitĂ© des valeurs et la prise en compte des contextes, la place de la sociologie des rapports de force, la prise en compte des comportements et de lâobservabilitĂ© empirique, et, enfin, la controverse sur la neutralitĂ© axiologique.Having proposed a ten-point summary of her book Des valeurs. Une approche sociologique, Nathalie Heinich responds to the comments of Laurence Kaufmann and Philippe Gonzalez, Danilo Martuccelli, and Louis QuĂ©rĂ©, as well as to HervĂ© Glevarecâs review published in the same issue of Questions de communication. Nine themes are successively addressed: issues of vocabulary, relevance or irrelevance of certain problems (nature, religion), the issue of emotions, the ontological status of valuation, the epistemological status of the âaxiological grammarâ and its explanatory or comprehensive purpose, the historicality and contextuality of values, the place of the sociology of power relations, the issue of behaviour and empirical observability, and, finally, the controversy on âaxiological neutralityâ
Les limites de la fiction
RĂ©sumĂ©Ă partir dâun petit corpus de controverses advenues rĂ©cemment en France Ă propos de fictions littĂ©raires ou cinĂ©matographiques, mettant lâaccent sur les fortes restrictions encadrant actuellement la censure, cet article â inscrit dans la perspective dâune sociologie des valeurs dont sont tout dâabord explicitĂ©es les rĂšgles Ă©nonciatives â se propose: premiĂšrement, de comprendre les principes qui poussent les acteurs Ă limiter lâespace imparti Ă la fiction; deuxiĂšmement, dâexaminer la façon dont la narratologie a traitĂ© cette question des limites, les principes qui sâen dĂ©gagent et les instruments qui mĂ©ritent dâĂȘtre retenus; troisiĂšmement, de rĂ©flĂ©chir aux raisons pour lesquelles il peut ĂȘtre nĂ©cessaire de limiter soit axiologiquement, soit ontologiquement, la fiction; et quatriĂšmement, dâexpliquer pourquoi les chercheurs ont intĂ©rĂȘt Ă en Ă©largir les limites, de maniĂšre Ă Ă©viter plusieurs types de rĂ©ductions â logiciste, esthĂšte, hermĂ©neutique, scientiste. Lâarticle se termine par une tentative de solution aux controverses prĂ©citĂ©es, en forme dâavis dâexpert outillĂ© par cette analyse des limites de la fiction.AbstractUsing a small corpus of recent controversies in France about fiction in literature or the cinema that have emphasized the tight restrictions now on censorship, this approach in terms of a sociology of values starts by examining the rules governing speech acts about this topic. First of all, how to understand the principles that lead to limiting the room allowed for fiction? Secondly, how has narratology dealt with this question of limits? What principles can be identified, and what instruments are worth using? Thirdly, what reasons might make it necessary to limit fiction either axiologically or ontologically? Finally, the attempt is made to explain why researchers have an interest in broadening these limits so as to avoid several types (logical, aesthetic, hermeneutic, scientific) of «reduction». The attempt is made to provide a solution to the aforementioned controversies, a solution in the form of advice from an expert who uses the tools drawn from this analysis
Brigitte Derlon et Monique Jeudy-Ballini, La Passion de lâart primitif. EnquĂȘte sur les collectionneurs
En enquĂȘtant sur les collectionneurs dâart primitif dans le monde occidental, Brigitte Derlon et Monique Jeudy-Ballini ont dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©ment tournĂ© le dos aux objets traditionnels de leur recherche â les cultures non occidentales â pour porter leurs regards vers ceux qui regardent ces objets : « objets » Ă©tant Ă prendre alors au double sens du terme, comme la visĂ©e de lâinvestigation autant que comme la chose matĂ©rielle, ce quâon appelle lâ« objet dâart primitif » (ou « premier », « tribal », etc...
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