1,694 research outputs found
Disruption of a Yeast ADE6 Gene Homolog in Ustilago maydis
A putative homolog of the Sacharromyces cereviseae ADE6 and Escherichia coli purL genes is identified near a multigenic complex, which contains two genes, sid1 and sid2, involved in a siderophore biosynthetic pathway inUstilago maydis. The putative ADE6 homolog was mutated by targeted gene disruption. The resulting mutant strains demonstrated a requirement for exogenous adenine, indicating that the U. maydis ade6 homolog is required for purine biosynthesis
Clinical impact of MDR1-expression in testicular germ cell cancer
Aim: The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, P-gp, p-170) is a membrane glycoprotein that acts as an energy-dependent drug efflux pump. In various malignancies its expression is associated with resistance to diverse cytostatic drugs, and therefore predicts resistance to systemic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of MDR1 expression in primary tumor tissue to predict necrosis or viable cancer in residual tumor masses after systemic chemotherapy for advanced testicular germ cell cancer. Materials and Methods: Out of 77 patients, histopathological characteristics of primary testicular cancer specimens and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) samples following chemotherapy were available from 72 and all 77 patients, respectively. Moreover, MDR1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 47 primary tumors and corresponding 73 RPLND sections. Results: After chemotherapy and subsequent RPLND, the examination of residual tumor masses revealed that mature teratoma and active viable tumor were predominantly found in patients with non-seminoma (NSGCT; p = 0.048), especially in those with containing mature teratoma (p = 0.001). Moreover, using univariate analysis the expression of MDR1 in the primary testicular tumor predicted viable tumor/teratoma residues in RPLND sections (p = 0.003). However, in multivariate analysis including the tumorsβ histological subtype, MDR1 expression alone failed to reach statistical significance as an independent prognostic marker for residual vital tumor (p β₯ 0.16). Conclusions: With the limited number of patients given, the correlation between MDR1 expression in primary testis cancer and active residual retroperitoneal disease after chemotherapy failed to reach statistical significance as in independent marker. Therefore, up to now routine MDR1 staining of testicular germ cell cancer samples should not be performed in clinical practice. However, as there was a clear trend, a larger number of patients suffering from metastatic non-seminomas should be studied, as MDR1 expression might have significant prognostic value in this particular subgroup of patients.ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ 1 ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ² Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (MDR1, P-gp, p-170) β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π» ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ² ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ-
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ MDR1 Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎ ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ Π΅ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎ Π²Π°Π½Ρ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² (RPLND) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
72 ΠΈ 77 Π±ΠΎΠ» ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡ Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ MDR1 ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² 47 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
73 ΡΡ RPLND. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ RPLNDΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°-
ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° (NSGCT; p = 0,048), ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° (p =
0,001). ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΄ Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ MDR1 Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ-
Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°Ρ
RPLND (p = 0,003). Π Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
MDR1 Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ (p
0,16). ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π²Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎ ΠΉΠ²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ² Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ MDR1
Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅. Π Ρ ΠΎ
ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ MDR1, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊ Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ» ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ
3-D Interacting CFTs and Generalized Higgs Phenomenon in Higher Spin Theories on AdS
We study a duality, recently conjectured by Klebanov and Polyakov, between
higher-spin theories on AdS_4 and O(N) vector models in 3-d. These theories are
free in the UV and interacting in the IR. At the UV fixed point, the O(N) model
has an infinite number of higher-spin conserved currents. In the IR, these
currents are no longer conserved for spin s>2. In this paper, we show that the
dual interpretation of this fact is that all fields of spin s>2 in AdS_4 become
massive by a Higgs mechanism, that leaves the spin-2 field massless. We
identify the Higgs field and show how it relates to the RG flow connecting the
two CFTs, which is induced by a double trace deformation.Comment: 8 pages, latex; v2 references adde
Measurement of the electron electric dipole moment using GdIG
A new method for the detection of the electron edm using a solid is
described. The method involves the measurement of a voltage induced across the
solid by the alignment of the samples magnetic dipoles in an applied magnetic
field, H. A first application of the method to GdIG has resulted in a limit on
the electron edm of 5E-24 e-cm, which is a factor of 40 below the limit
obtained from the only previous solid-state edm experiment. The result is
limited by the imperfect discrimination of an unexpectedly large voltage that
is even upon the reversal of the sample magnetization.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, v2:references corrected, submitted to PRL,
v3:added labels to figure
Self-similar solution of a nonsteady problem of nonisothermal vapour condensation on a droplet growing in diffusion regime
This paper presents a mathematically exact self-similar solution to the joint
nonsteady problems of vapour diffusion towards a droplet growing in a
vapour-gas medium and of removal of heat released by a droplet into a
vapour-gas medium during vapour condensation. An equation for the temperature
of the droplet is obtained; and it is only at that temperature that the
self-similar solution exists. This equation requires the constancy of the
droplet temperature and even defines it unambiguously throughout the whole
period of the droplet growth. In the case of strong display of heat effects,
when the droplet growth rate decreases significantly, the equation for the
temperature of the droplet is solved analytically. It is shown that the
obtained temperature fully coincides with the one that settles in the droplet
simultaneously with the settlement of its diffusion regime of growth. At the
obtained temperature of the droplet the interrelated nonsteady vapour
concentration and temperature profiles of the vapour-gas medium around the
droplet are expressed in terms of initial (prior to the nucleation of the
droplet) parameters of the vapour-gas medium. The same parameters are used to
formulate the law in accordance with which the droplet is growing in diffusion
regime, and also to define the time that passes after the nucleation of the
droplet till the settlement of diffusion regime of droplet growth, when the
squared radius of the droplet becomes proportionate to time. For the sake of
completeness the case of weak display of heat effects is been studied.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Dynamic SU(2) Structure from Seven-branes
We obtain a family of supersymmetric solutions of type IIB supergravity with
dynamic SU(2) structure, which describe the local geometry near a stack of four
D7-branes and one O7-plane wrapping a rigid four-cycle. The deformation to a
generalized complex geometry is interpreted as a consequence of nonperturbative
effects in the seven-brane gauge theory. We formulate the problem for
seven-branes wrapping the base of an appropriate del Pezzo cone, and in the
near-stack limit in which the four-cycle is flat, we obtain an exact solution
in closed form. Our solutions serve to characterize the local geometry of
nonperturbatively-stabilized flux compactifications.Comment: 49 pages, 2 figures; v2: minor corrections, references adde
Critical and Non-Critical Einstein-Weyl Supergravity
We construct N=1 supersymmetrisations of some recently-proposed theories of
critical gravity, conformal gravity, and extensions of critical gravity in four
dimensions. The total action consists of the sum of three separately off-shell
supersymmetric actions containing Einstein gravity, a cosmological term and the
square of the Weyl tensor. For generic choices of the coefficients for these
terms, the excitations of the resulting theory around an AdS_4 background
describe massive spin-2 and massless spin-2 modes coming from the metric;
massive spin-1 modes coming from a vector field in the theory; and massless and
massive spin-3/2 modes (with two unequal masses) coming from the gravitino.
These assemble into a massless and a massive N=1 spin-2 multiplet. In critical
supergravity, the coefficients are tuned so that the spin-2 mode in the massive
multiplet becomes massless. In the supersymmetrised extensions of critical
gravity, the coefficients are chosen so that the massive modes lie in a
"window" of lowest energies E_0 such that these ghostlike fields can be
truncated by imposing appropriate boundary conditions at infinity, thus leaving
just positive-norm massless supergravity modes.Comment: 29 page
Teaching computer language handling - From compiler theory to meta-modelling
Most universities teach computer language handling by mainly focussing on compiler theory, although MDA (model-driven architecture) and meta-modelling are increasingly important in the software industry as well as in computer science. In this article, we investigate how traditional compiler theory compares to meta-modelling with regard to formally defining the different aspects of a language, and how we can expand the focus in computer language handling courses to also include meta-model-based approaches. We give an outline of a computer language handling course that covers both paradigms, and share some experiences from running a course based on this outline at the University of Agder
- β¦