River groynes for the future

Item does not contain fulltextNCR-days, 15 november 200

National laboratory-based surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance: a successful tool to support the control of antimicrobial resistance in the Netherlands

An important cornerstone in the control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a well-designed quantitative system for the surveillance of spread and temporal trends in AMR. Since 2008, the Dutch national AMR surveillance system, based on routine data from medical microbiological laboratories (MMLs), has developed into a successful tool to support the control of AMR in the Netherlands. It provides background information for policy making in public health and healthcare services, supports development of empirical antibiotic therapy guidelines and facilitates in-depth research. In addition, participation of the MMLs in the national AMR surveillance network has contributed to sharing of knowledge and quality improvement. A future improvement will be the implementation of a new semantic standard together with standardised data transfer, which will reduce errors in data handling and enable a more real-time surveillance. Furthermore, the

Kleobs - Kleine obstakels: Toetsingsprogramma voor kleine ingrepen in het winterbed

K2271.A0/R002/MAVH/I

Development of Alternative Overtopping-Resistant Sea Defences, Phase 2: Elaboration of Smart Grass Reinforcement Concept

In the present report, a Smart Grass Reinforcement for overtopping resistant sea defences is elaborated on a theoretical basis, within the framework of ComCoast, Work Package 3 (WP3). The smart grass revetment concept aims at strengthening the present grass revetments at the crests and inners slopes of sea embankments. Smart denotes a significant reinforcement of the grass revetment, a high-cost effectiveness, easy installation with minimum disturbance of the existing grass revetment, hidden presence and thus invisible, and durable. In addition, the system should have no environmental adverse impacts. The Hondsbossche Sea Defence and the North Frysian Sea Defence (grass test sections for studying the effect of maintenance strategies) have been visited in order to get insight in the feasibility of the meanwhile developed ideas in true field situations. Two, potentially feasible, concepts have been identified: 1. Geogrid system, to be placed underneath the temporary lifted (thin-cut) grass layer; 2. Geocell system, to be penetrated through the existing grass revetment, without lifting it. The Geogrid system can be applied at a rather flat surface and good grass cover. The Geocell system can be applied as well at a more uneven surface and a poor grass cover. The proposed application of these systems is new, as far as we know, and some engineering (system, equipment and installation) still needs to be done. At this point, we believe that this will lead to a successful and highly cost-effective application. A cost indication shows that smart application of the Geogrid and Geocell systems will reduce the costs by a factor 10 or more, as compared to raising the crest of the dike. In addition, the risk of applying a smart reinforcement system is much smaller than of regular dike strengthening (raising and extending dikes), as the recovery time of the grass revetment is very short (months at the most) as compared to some years. We recommend the systems to be tested during the anticipated field tests in the ComCoast WP research programme Phase 3.The engineering should preferably be done by the end of this year, in order to be able to apply the smart systems at the field test section by the end of April 2006. This will allow proper field testing in the summer and/or winter of 2006.Civil Engineering and Geoscience

Development of Alternative Overtopping-Resistant Sea Defences: Proposal for concepts

The present proposal deals with a presentation of three potentially feasible concepts for strengthening of the sea defences as to allow for increased wave overtopping, within the framework of ComCoast. In addition, for each concept an indicative proposal is given for a further theoretical study (Phase 2) and an indicative approach is shown for further testing. This proposal is denoted Phase 1: generation of alternative concepts. For the present proposal and the activities involved, as well as possible future assignments within Phase 2, a consortium has been formed between Royal Haskoning and INFRAM (Royal Haskoning, being the leading party), the two partners that also participated in the Inventory Study that preceded this proposal. We think that this combination brings about the outstanding expertise from both firms, which we hope is reflected in the present proposal. The three alternative concepts focus on different types of innovative reinforcement measures, i.e.: reduction of the wave overtopping flow attack, strengthening of the present grass revetments and strengthening of the subsoil. After an introductory chapter, Chapter 1, the relevant failure phenomena are indicated in Chapter 2. The Concepts A (low hedges), B (application of innovative grass reinforcement) and C (application of Smartsoils techniques) developed to cope with these phenomena are presented in Appendices A, B and C and are summarized and discussed briefly in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents the indicative set-up for the further theoretical studies of Phase 2 for each concept, whereas in Chapter 5 the approach for testing of the concepts is indicated. The Concepts A and B are highly promising solutions, and we think that they only need limited elaboration and research. The costs are very competitive as compared to the costs for traditional raising of a dike crest (=Reference). The savings can be so big, that further in-depth research on optimization seems anyhow to be useful. Concept C is still highly experimental for application on sea defences and clayey soils. Nevertheless, it would be an interesting option to further explore The charm of these Concepts is that they can also be combined in an economical way (A and B together being still much more economical as the Reference) as to cope with increasing Sea Level Rise in future in a flexible way).Civil Engineering and Geoscience

Neuropsychiatric symptoms during cefepime treatment.

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Louvrekrib: hoofdrapport en achtergronddocument

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Eilandkrib: hoofdrapport en achtergronddocument

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Third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance in Streptococcus mitis/oralis. Results from a nationwide registry in the Netherlands

Molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis, virulence factors and antibiotic resistanc