Putting the Earth into Science: Resource, Workshop and Field Trip for High School Science Teachers at GeoCanada 2010

Putting the Earth into Science is a classroom resource that takes an interdisciplinary approach to expanding Earth science content in Canadian high schools. In recent history, Earth science has struggled to be identified as a core subject in school curricula. Differing approaches of whether it is placed in social studies (geography) or science has resulted in identity confusion. Alternatively, it is often seen as a specialist area of study, and hence optional. As a solution to this problem, the National EdGEO Workshop Program has developed a series of curricula-based lesson plans to integrate Earth science topics into the core subjects of physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics. The program will attract teachers of diverse science disciplines, and deliver a meaningful educational experience and important career information to high school students who are largely unaware of how Earth science impacts their daily lives. Putting the Earth into Science was launched during a workshop and field trip offered to teachers across Canada in conjunction with GeoCanada 2010. Sommaire La Terre en science est une source référence d’activités pédagogiques interdisciplinaires visant à accroître le contenu en sciences de la Terre du programme secondaire des écoles canadiennes. Ces dernières années, les sciences de la Terre ont peiné s’imposer comme matière essentielle du programme scolaire. Selon l’approche, elles étaient tantôt incorporées aux sciences sociales (géographie), tantôt aux sciences physiques, d’où la confusion. Elles sont aussi perçues comme matière spécialisée, et optionnelles à ce titre. Comme solution, le National EdGEO Workshop Program a mis au point une série de plans de cours permettant d’intgérer des thèmes de sciences de la Terre aux matières obligatoires comme la physique, la chimie, la biologie et les mathématiques. Le programme intéressera les enseignants de diverses disciplines scientifiques, et leur proposera une démarche éducationnelle riche, et offrira aux éléves du secondaire les informations essentielles sur la profession, eux qui ignorent en grande partie l’impact des sciences de la Terre dans leur vie quotidienne. La Terre en sciences a été lancée officiellement à l’occasion de la tenue d’un atelier et d’une excursion offerts aux enseignants canadiens lors du congrès GeoCanada 2010

Spatial and temporal scales of coral reef fish ecological research and management: a systematic map protocol

Background Coral reefs are rapidly changing in response to local and global stressors. Research to better understand and inform the management of these stressors is burgeoning. However, in situ studies of coral reef ecology are constrained by complex logistics and limited resources. Many reef studies are also hampered by the scale-dependent nature of ecological patterns, and inferences made on causal relationships within coral reef systems are limited by the scales of observation. This is because most socio-ecological studies are conducted at scales relevant to the phenomenon of interest. However, management often occurs across a significantly broader, often geopolitical, range of scales. While there is a critical need for incisive coral reef management actions at relevant spatial and temporal scales, it remains unclear to what extent the scales of empirical study overlap with the scales at which management inferences and recommendations are made. This systematic map protocol will evaluate this potential scale mismatch with the goal of raising awareness about the significance of effectively addressing and reporting the scales at which researchers collect data and make assumptions. Methods We will use the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) systematic mapping guidelines to identify relevant studies using a framework-based synthesis to summarise the spatial and temporal scales of coral reef fish ecology research and the scales at which management inferences or recommendations are made. Using tested predefined terms, we will search for relevant published academic and grey literature, including bibliographic databases, web-based search engines, and organisational websites. Inclusion criteria for the evidence map are empirical studies that focus on coral reef fish ecological organisation and processes, those informing management interventions and policy decisions, and management documents that cite coral reef research for management decision-making. Study results will be displayed graphically using data matrices and heat maps. This is the first attempt to systematically assess and compare the scales of socio-ecological research conducted on coral reef systems with their management

Recovery of dialysis patients with COVID-19 : health outcomes 3 months after diagnosis in ERACODA

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related short-term mortality is high in dialysis patients, but longer-term outcomes are largely unknown. We therefore assessed patient recovery in a large cohort of dialysis patients 3 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods. We analyzed data on dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA). The outcomes studied were patient survival, residence and functional and mental health status (estimated by their treating physician) 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Complete follow-up data were available for 854 surviving patients. Patient characteristics associated with recovery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results. In 2449 hemodialysis patients (mean ± SD age 67.5 ± 14.4 years, 62% male), survival probabilities at 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis were 90% for nonhospitalized patients (n = 1087), 73% for patients admitted to the hospital but not to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1165) and 40% for those admitted to an ICU (n = 197). Patient survival hardly decreased between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. At 3 months, 87% functioned at their pre-existent functional and 94% at their pre-existent mental level. Only few of the surviving patients were still admitted to the hospital (0.8-6.3%) or a nursing home (∼5%). A higher age and frailty score at presentation and ICU admission were associated with worse functional outcome. Conclusions. Mortality between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis was low and the majority of patients who survived COVID-19 recovered to their pre-existent functional and mental health level at 3 months after diagnosis

Reorganisation following disturbance: multi trait-based methods in R

Trait-based approaches in ecology are now commonplace. Originating in terrestrial plant ecology, multi trait-based methods are increasingly applied across ecological disciplines to quantify community structure beyond taxonomic descriptions, to understand mechanistic rules for community assembly, and predict changes following disturbance (Zakharova et al. 2019 Ecol Model). Using morphological and ecological traits as a proxy for the ecological roles of species, these methods can translate multivariate species data into synthetic, complementary, and responsive indicators of ecosystem state (Mouillot et al. 2013 TREE; Richardson et al. 2018 Glob Chang Biol). The analytical tools to do so are increasingly refined and mathematically demanding and so are typically applied via accessible packages in R (e.g. Magneville et al. 2021 Ecography). Nonetheless, the use of these packages requires a degree of computational literacy. Computational literacy (informatics competencies including data and coding literacy) is deemed a critical skill STEM students must acquire for effective science education or careers to meet the demands of the 21st century, but its integrated teaching alongside natural science subjects is lacking (Braun and Huwe 2022 Front Educ). Our Data Set teaching module addresses this gap by providing teaching materials aimed at third-year undergraduate students (junior level bachelor’s degree in the United States) in the form of a 16-hour practical (total class time) divided into six separate sessions: 1 x introductory lecture; 1 x 6-hr computer practical; 3 x 2-hr computer practicals; 1 x 3-hr in-person poster presentation conference. The Data Set is designed to teach students to use the statistical programming tool R to examine how coral reef fish communities were impacted by a severe marine heatwave which resulted in mass coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Richardson et al. 2018 Glob Chang Biol). Through student-active approaches including guided enquiry, problem-based learning, critical thinking, and ‘authentic’ assessment (poster presentation), students are offered knowledge of trait-based ecology, and taught skills in data manipulation, analysis, and visualization in R; hypothesis testing; and communicating science

Design and baseline characteristics of the AMPLITUDE-O cardiovascular outcomes trial of efpeglenatide, a weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist

Aim: The effect of the weekly exendin-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist efpeglenatide on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. Materials and methods: People with T2DM and glycated haemoglobin >7%, ≥18 years old with previous CV disease, or ≥50 years old with CKD [defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25–59.9 mL/min/1.73 m2], and one or more additional CV risk factors were recruited. Participants were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio, stratified by current, intended or neither current nor intended use of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to receive weekly injections of efpeglenatide (4 mg or 6 mg) or masked placebo. The primary outcome is a major adverse CV event defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or CV death. Secondary outcomes include a composite kidney outcome (new onset macroalbuminuria with an increase from baseline of ≥30%, sustained 40% decrease in eGFR, renal replacement therapy, or sustained eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2). The trial will continue until ≥330 participants have had a major adverse CV event outcome and the sample size was based on accruing enough outcomes to detect non-inferiority of efpeglenatide versus placebo. Results: Recruitment of 4076 participants (33% women, mean age 64.5 years) occurred between 11 May 2018 and 25 April 2019 at 344 sites in 28 countries. Mean baseline glycated haemoglobin was 8.9% (1.5), 31.6% had an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 89.5% had previous CV disease and 15.0% were on an SGLT2 inhibitor. Conclusions: The results of the AMPLITUDE O trial will inform the use of exendin-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist to people with T2DM and high CV risk, with and without CKD, in the presence and absence of an SGLT2 inhibitor

A climate-informed, ecosystem approach to fisheries management

This paper outlines the benefits of using the framework for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) for dealing with the inevitable yet unclear impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on coastal fisheries. With a focus on the Asia-Pacific region, it summarizes the projected biological and socio-economic effects of increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) for coastal fisheries and illustrates how all the important dimensions of climate change and ocean acidification can be integrated into the steps involved in the EAFM planning process. The activities required to harness the full potential of an EAFM as an adaptation to climate change and ocean acidification are also described, including: provision of the necessary expertise to inform all stakeholders about the risks to fish habitats, fish stocks and catches due to climate change promotion of trans-disciplinary collaboration; facilitating the participation of all key stakeholders; monitoring the wider fisheries system for climate impacts; and enhancing resources and capacity to implement an EAFM. By channeling some of the resources available to the Asia-Pacific region to adapt to climate change into an EAFM, developing countries will not only build resilience to the ecological and fisheries effects of climate change, they will also help address the habitat degradation and overfishing presently reducing the productivity of coastal fisheries