Diversidade de Scolytinae, Platypodinae (Curculionidae) e Bostrichidae em Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) no estado de Goiás, Brasil

In Brazil, the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) is heavily planted in the so-called escape areas in order to avoid leaf blight. While there are reports on damage inflicted by insects and mites in the literature, these are sparse. The objective of this study was to survey the community of Scolytinae, Platypodinae (Curculionidae) and Bostrichidae, in a rubber tree plantation in Goianésia, state of Goiás, Brazil, with ethanol-baited flight intercept traps from March 2013 through March 2014. Scolytinae beetles (13 genera, 29 species) were the most abundant group, accounting for over 99% of trapped specimens, while six Bostrichidae, seven Cerambycidae and two Platypodinae species were also caught. Hypothenemus obscurus (Scolytinae) comprised ca. 89% of all trapped specimens. While no attack on live trees was observed during the survey, species with known ability to attack and successfully colonize standing trees were trapped in this study. Perhaps this is an indication that the plantation is well managed, not providing conditions where attacks on live trees may occur.No Brasil, a seringueira Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) é plantada em áreas de escape para evitar a doença do mal-das-folhas. Embora haja relatos de danos ocasionados por insetos e ácaros na literatura, estes são esparsos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento populacional da comunidade de Scolytinae, Platypodinae (Curculionidae) e Bostrichidae em um plantio de seringueira em Goianésia, estado de Goiás, com armadilhas de impacto de voo iscadas com etanol, de março de 2013 a março de 2014. Scolytinae (13 gêneros, 29 espécies) foi o grupo mais abundante, representando mais de 99% dos espécimes capturados, enquanto que seis espécies de Bostrichidae, sete de Cerambycidae e duas de Platypodinae foram também capturadas. Hypothenemus obscurus (Scolytinae) representou cerca de 89% de todos os exemplares capturados. Embora nenhum ataque a árvores vivas tenha sido observado durante a pesquisa, espécies com capacidade conhecida de atacar e colonizar com sucesso árvores vivas foram capturadas neste estudo. Talvez isso seja uma indicação de que a plantação é bem gerenciada, não fornecendo condições para que isso ocorra

El periodismo y los “mediadores públicos”: la co-producción de noticias

El ciudadano antes eliminado de un debate público articulado por el periodismo ahora va a intervenir y participar más eficazmente en el proceso de co-producción de contenidos para los medios de comunicación, en la función de mediador público. El objetivo es el estudio de este nuevo agente que aparece en la escena periodística a partir de la década de 2000 con el avance de los medios digitales y el acceso a las nuevas tecnologías. 'o entendemos que el agente pase a desempeñar la función del periodista, al menos en el contexto actual de transición de las tecnologías analógicas a las digitales. Sin embargo, su participación como uno de los protagonistas de la producción de noticias apunta cambios en la manera de hacer periodismo. Así que tenemos la intención de proponer algunas pistas para entender cómo se ha construido esta relación entre los mediadores públicos y los medios de comunicaciónThe citizen before away from the public debate articulated by journalism will now intervene and participate more effectively in the process of co-production of content for media, acting as public mediator. The goal is to study this new agent that appears on the journalistic scene with more evidence from the 2000s with the advancement of digital media and new technology. We do not understand that this agent passes to act like a journalist, at least in the current context of transition from analog to digital technologies. However, his participation as one of the protagonists of the news production points to changes in the ways of doing journalism. With this in view, we aim to propose some clues to understand how has been built this relationship between the mediators public and the media today

Immunohistological study of the effect of vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the angiogenesis of mature root canals in rat molars

Tissue bioengineering has been applied to Endodontics to seek a more biological treatment. The presence of blood vessels is crucial for cell nutrition during tissue formation. Objective: This study analysed the application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenesis of mature root canals. Material and methods: Upper first molars of twelve 13-week old Wistar male rats were used. The root pulp of the mesiobuccal canal was removed and the root canal instrumented with K-files up to size #25. Periapical bleeding was induced into the root canal by introducing a #15 K-file beyond the apex. The teeth on the right side of the arch were filled up with blood clot (G1), whereas those on the left side were filled up with blood clot plus 50 ng/ml of VEGF (G2). Teeth were sealed with light-curing glass-ionomer cement and the animals were sacrificed after 60 days. The maxilla was dissected and fixed before obtaining serial sections for histological processing with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical factor-VIII. Immunohistochemical labelling was evaluated using scores for statistical analysis. Results: Immunohistological analysis demonstrated the presence of angiogenesis in both groups, but with higher angiogenic maturation in G2 during the experimental period (p<0.05). HE staining showed connective tissue with absence of odontoblasts in all specimens. Conclusions: It can be concluded that it is possible to obtain angiogenesis in mature root canals with or without the use of VEGF, although the latter tends to accelerate blood vessel formation

Biotechnological potential of alternative carbon sources for production of pectinases by Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis

Fungi collected from Brazilian soil and decomposing plants were screened for pectinase production. R. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis was the best producer and was selected to evaluate the pectic enzyme production under several nutritional and environmental conditions. The pectinase production was studied at 40ºC, under 28 carbon sources-supplemented medium. The inducer effect of several agro-industrial residues such as sugar cane bagasse, wheat flour and corncob on polygalacturonase (PG) activity was 4-, 3- and 2-fold higher than the control (pectin). In glucose-medium, a constitutive pectin lyase (PL) activity was detected. The results demonstrated that R. microsporus produced high levels of PG (57.7 U/mg) and PL (88.6 U/mg) in lemon peel-medium. PG had optimum temperature at 65 ºC and was totally stable at 55 ºC for 90 min. Half-life at 70 ºC was 68 min. These results suggested that the versatility of waste carbon sources utilization by R. microsporus, produce pectic enzymes, which could be useful to reduce production costs and environmental impacts related to the waste disposal.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)(CNPq) Conselho de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Evaluation of the WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation in Reducing Enterococcus faecalis from Root Canal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation systems regarding the bacterial removal from root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis by comparing them to the conventional WaveOne and One Shape systems. Forty-eight distobuccal root canals of maxillary molars sterilized with ethylene oxide were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days, and then root canal initial bacterial sample was collected with paper cones and plated on M-enterococcus agar. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the instrumentation: WaveOne Gold, One Shape New Generation, WaveOne and One Shape. After instrumentation, samples were collected with use of scraping and paper cones at immediate and 7 days after instrumentation. The bacterial reduction was calculated and then made intragroup analysis by Friedman test and intergroup analysis by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc test, all at 5% significance. All techniques significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the root canal (p0.05). Novel single-file systems promote better bacterial removal than the conventional single-file systems

Leishmanicidal activity of fractions rich in aporphine alkaloids from amazonian unonopsis species

In vitro evaluation of alkaloidal fractions of twigs, barks and leaves from two Unonopsis species, Unonopsis guatterioides R.E. Fr. and Unonopsis duckei R.E. Fr., Annonaceae, against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis revealed these species as sources of substances with promising leishmanicidal potential. All alkaloidal fractions from twigs, barks and leaves of U. guatterioides were classified as highly active, with IC50 1.07, 1.90, and 2.79 mg/mL, respectively. Only the alkaloidal fraction from the twigs of U. duckei was classified as inactive2261368137

Um estudo sobre motivação de equipe com os colaboradores de uma empresa do ramo de serviço de telecomunicação

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar os fatores que geram motivação nos colaboradores de uma organização do ramo de serviços de telecomunicação no município de Itaituba, no estado do Pará. Constatou-se que estes se sentem motivados por seus superiores e que existe sim um clima de confiança, de cooperação entre os departamentos e que os fatores que influenciam a motivação são a “estabilidade no emprego”, “salário”,  “trabalho que realiza”, seguido do “ambiente de trabalho”, “reconhecimento” e “chance de progresso na organização”. Os colaboradores também apontaram alguns fatores que poderiam ser melhorados na empresa, que na apresentação dos resultados foram divididos em categorias: melhorias no trabalho em equipe e união dos colaboradores; melhorias na comunicação com o gestor e lideranças; mais reconhecimento; capacitação para colaboradores; e combate ao assédio moral e intimidação. Assim, conclui-se que a motivação de equipe é um importante fator a ser considerado na administração de uma empresa pois reflete diretamente na qualidade do trabalho prestado pelos colaboradores

Leishmanicidal activity of fractions rich in aporphine alkaloids from Amazonian Unonopsis species

In vitro evaluation of alkaloidal fractions of twigs, barks and leaves from two Unonopsis species, Unonopsis guatterioides R.E. Fr. and Unonopsis duckei R.E. Fr., Annonaceae, against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis revealed these species as sources of substances with promising leishmanicidal potential. All alkaloidal fractions from twigs, barks and leaves of U. guatterioides were classified as highly active, with IC50 1.07, 1.90, and 2.79 mg/mL, respectively. Only the alkaloidal fraction from the twigs of U. duckei was classified as inactive.2261368137

Određivanje fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava, stabilnosti i citotoksičnosti plavog bojila dobivenog iz ploda jague (Genipa americana L.)

Research background. The current commercial scenario indicates an increase in the demand for natural dyes. Compared to synthetic dyes, natural ones have the advantage of being sustainable, making them of great interest for the food and cosmetic industries. The development of new natural dyes is necessary, as well as the carrying out of complementary research regarding the existing ones. Experimental approach. The present study aims to characterize the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the dye obtained from dehydrated endocarp of the genipap (Genipa americana) fruit, as well as perform the relevant stability and cytotoxicity tests. The chemical characterization was performed by HPLC-MS/MS analyses. The stability studies were carried out by spectrophotometry and cytotoxicity assays using cell culture and fluorometric methods. Results and conclusions. After dehydration and milling of the fruit endocarp, water was added to the obtained powder (in the ratio 4:1) to extract the dye. Five compounds were elucidated using HPLC-MS/MS and confirmed the presence of the geniposide as its main compound. With the X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis, we characterised the obtained powder as being amorphous and of porous structure with a variable size. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated a maximum loss of 61% mass after exposure to a temperature range from 240 to 760 °C. The obtained blue dye was stable in the absence of light, at room temperature and had neutral pH. In the cytotoxicity assay, (95.0±1.3) % of viable human fibroblasts were observed after exposure to this dye. The genipap fruit can be a viable alternative to produce a natural blue dye, since it is easy to obtain and has very low toxicity in food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic products. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study demonstrates for the first time the physicochemical and biological properties of a natural blue dye from G. americana fruit.Pozadina istraživanja. Na tržištu se povećala potražnja za prirodnim bojilima. Njihova je prednost nad sintetičkima ta da potječu iz održivih izvora, pa su od velikog interesa za prehrambenu i kozmetičku industriju. Stoga je bitno razvijati nova prirodna bojila, te dodatno ispitati postojeća. Eksperimentalni pristup. Svrha je ovoga rada bila ispitati fizikalno-kemijska i biološka svojstva bojila dobivenog ektrakcijom dehidriranog endokarpa ploda biljke jagua (Genipa americana), te testirati njegovu stabilnosti i citotoksičnost. Kemijska svojstva određena su spregnutim sustavom visokodjelotvorne tekućinske kromatografije i tandemne spektrometrije masa (HPLC-MS/MS). Stabilnost je ispitana spektrofotometrijom, a citotoksičnost pomoću staničnih kultura i fluorometrijom. Rezultati i zaključci. Nakon dehidriranja i meljave endokarpa jague, za ekstrakciju bojila dobiveni je prah pomiješan s 20 % vode. Metodom HPLC-MS/MS detektirano je pet spojeva, te je potvrđena prisutnost genipozida kao glavnog sastojka. Rendgenskom difrakcijom i elektronskom mikroskopijom struktura dobivenog praha okarakterizirana je kao amorfna i porozna, s česticama različitih veličina. Termogravimetrijskom je analizom utvrđen gubitak od 61 % mase praha nakon izlaganja temperaturama između 240 i 760 °C. Dobiveno je bojilo bilo stabilno u mraku, pri sobnoj temperaturi i neutralnoj pH-vrijednosti. U testu citotoksičnosti utvrđena je stopa preživljavanja fibroblasta od (95,0±1,3) % nakon njihovog izlaganja bojilu. Stoga je zaključeno da plod voćke jagua može poslužiti kao izvor prirodnog bojila za primjenu u prehrambenoj, farmaceutskoj i kozmetičkoj industriji, jer se jednostavno dobiva i ima vrlo malu toksičnost. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. U ovom su radu po prvi put opisana fizikalno-kemijska i biološka svojstva prirodnog bojila dobivenog iz ploda voćke G. americana

Cotton response to nitrogen fertilization in the integrated crop-livestock system

Cotton has been widely cultivated in the Cerrado region, including the crop-livestock integration system under no-till. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant residues from ruzigrass [Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. & C.M. Evrard) Crins] and nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency, growth, and yield of cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L. R. latifolium Hutch.), cv. TMG 44 B2RF. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. The plots consisted of three production systems: i) conventional cotton cropping in fallow area; ii) cotton cropping in the presence of straw from the shoots and roots of ruzigrass plants; iii) cotton cropping only in the presence of residues from the ruzigrass roots. The subplots consisted of five rates of N (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha–1), applied at 30 and 50 days after seedling emergence. The presence of ruzigrass straw provided less growth and development of cotton, in addition to less N uptake by plants. The cotton cropping in the crop-livestock integration system in the presence of residues from the roots and shoots of the ruzigrass plants resulted in the greater cotton yield in the second year, demonstrating the importance of the straw formation of the cover crops for the sandy soils of the Cerrado region. The optimal application rate of N in topdressing for the cropping of cotton in succession or not with ruzigrass residues in sandy soil varies from 100 to 110 kg N ha–1