O paralelismo corpo-mente em Spinoza: notações (im)pertinentes para a educação

Este trabalho objetiva extrair da teoria do paralelismo entre corpo e mente existente na filosofia spinozana algumas notas reflexivas e críticas para o campo da educação. Para tanto, a metodologia baseia-se em estudos conceituais focados nas partes II e III da obra Ética. Realizando um mapeamento de seis concepções que formariam o paralelismo psicofísico, este texto circunscreve críticas ao paradigma educacional dominante, bem como levanta algumas possibilidades de transformação. Trazendo, por exemplo, as concepções de que o objeto das ideias da mente são primeiramente as afecções do corpo e de que, ainda assim, o paralelismo preserva a autonomia entre os atributos pensamento e extensão, pretende-se aqui traçar a notação crítica de que um processo educacional só pode ser potente quando considera com igual importância a força do intelecto e a força da sensibilidade corporal. Deste modo, descobrir-se-á que as aprendizagens não mais se direcionarão no sentido de privilegiar ideias abstratas em detrimento do corpo, mas constituirão estudos voltados também aos afetos. Por fim, concluir-se-á que uma pedagogia capaz de compreender o paralelismo entre corpo e pensamento irá considerar a força de potencialização mútua existente entre os dois atributos, de maneira a conceber a alegria e a ampliação de realidades como seus intentos maiores.This paper aims to extract some reflexive and critical notes for the education field from the theory of parallelism between body and mind that exists in Spinoza´s philosophy. Therefore, the methodology is based on conceptual studies focusing on parts II and III of the work Ethics. Mapping six conceptions that would form psychophysical parallelism, this text circumscribes criticisms of the dominant educational paradigm, as well as some possibilities for its transformation. Bringing, for example, the conceptions that the object of the ideas in the mind are primarily the affections of the body and that, even so, parallelism preserves the autonomy between the attributes of thought and extension, we intend here to draw the critical notation that an educational process can only be potent when it regards with equal importance the strength of the intellect and the force of the body sensibility. Thus, it will become clear that learning will no longer be guided by privileging abstract ideas to the detriment of the body, rather studies will also be focused on affections. Finally, it is concluded that a pedagogy capable of understanding the parallelism between body and thought will consider the power of mutual potentiation that exists between the two attributes, in order to conceive the joy and amplification of realities as its greatest purpose

In vitro assessment of solvent evaporation from commercial adhesive systems compared to experimental systems

Solvents should be properly evaporated after application to dental substrates. The aim of this study was to assess the evaporation of commercial, experimental and neat solvents. The tested null hypotheses were that there are no differences in solvent evaporation regardless of its formulation and over time. Evaporation from commercial adhesive systems (Scotchbond Multipurpose Primer, Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive, Prime & Bond NT, Multi Bond, Excite, Single Bond 2, Adhese Primer, Adhese Bond, Xeno III A and Xeno III B) and experimental primers (35% HEMA plus 65% acetone or ethanol or water v/v) were compared to neat solvents (acetone, ethanol and water). Samples (10 &#181;L) of these products were dripped into glass containers placed on a digital precision balance. Evaporation was assessed at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 300 and 600 s times to calculate mass loss. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Bonferroni's correction (a=0.05). Acetone-based products exhibited a remarkable capacity to evaporate spontaneously over time. Neat acetone evaporated significantly more than the HEMA-mixtures and the commercial formulations (p<0.05). The incorporation of monomers and other ingredients in the commercial formulations seem to reduce the evaporation capacity. Solvent evaporation was time and material-dependent.O solvente deve ser adequadamente evaporado após aplicação ao substratos dentários. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evaporação de formulações comerciais, primers experimentais e solventes puros. As hipóteses nulas testadas foram de que não há diferenças da quantidade evaporada independentemente do material e tempo. Evaporação dos sistemas adesivos comerciais (Scotchbond multipurpose primer, Scotchbond multipurpose adhesive, Prime & Bond NT, Multi Bond, Excite, Single Bond 2, Adhese Primer, Adhese Bond, Xeno III A e Xeno III B) e primers experimentais (35% HEMA associado com 65% acetona, etanol ou água v/v) foram comparadas a solventes puros (acetona, etanol e água). Amostras (10 &#181;L) de cada produto foram dispensadas em balança de precisão digital. As massas nos tempos 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 300 e 600 s foram registradas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e Bonferroni (a=0,05). Produtos a base de acetona exibiram maior capacidade de evaporação espontânea ao longo do tempo. Acetona pura evaporou significantemente mais que as misturas de HEMA e formulações comerciais (p<0,05). A incorporação de monômeros e outros ingredientes nas formulações comerciais reduzem a capacidade de evaporação. A evaporação é dependente do produto e do tempo

Figurações docentes: entre desobediências, sementes e desejos de potência

The Brazilian experience of teaching strategies during the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ways of confronting the ultra-reactionaryism and fascist practices in schools were the theme of this article, which collects fragments of this experience and creates a memory archive, understanding that memory gives meaning to the experience. It aims to think about teaching in times of pandemic and tropical fascism and to create other figures for teachers.La experiencia brasileña de enseñanza durante el surgimiento de la pandemia de Covid-19 y las formas de enfrentar las prácticas ultrarreaccionistas y fascistas en las escuelas fue el tema de este artículo, que recopiló fragmentos de la experiencia, creando un archivo de memoria, entendiendo que la memoria da sentido a las experiencias. Piensa la docencia en tiempos de pandemia y fascismo tropical, y crea otras figuras para los docentes.A experiência brasileira de estratégias docentes durante a emergência da pandemia do Covid-19 e os modos de enfrentamento à escalada do ultrarreacionarismo e das práticas fascistas nas escolas foi a temática deste artigo que recolhe fragmentos dessa experiência, criando um arquivo de memória que se instalam no acaso e no instante, no agora, entendendo que a memória confere sentido às experiências. Pensa a docência em tempos de pandemia e fascismo tropical, e cria figuras outras para docentes

Using ODIN for a PharmGKB revalidation experiment

The need for efficient text-mining tools that support curation of the biomedical literature is ever increasing. In this article, we describe an experiment aimed at verifying whether a text-mining tool capable of extracting meaningful relationships among domain entities can be successfully integrated into the curation workflow of a major biological database. We evaluate in particular (i) the usability of the system's interface, as perceived by users, and (ii) the correlation of the ranking of interactions, as provided by the text-mining system, with the choices of the curators

Resistências à precarização no trabalho docente: posicionamentos teóricos e metodológicos

O artigo objetiva contribuir com o desenvolvimento teórico e metodológico no campo do trabalho em educação. Discute a situação dos professores com contratos de prestação de serviço temporário, destacando a importância dos docentes analisarem coletivamente os diferentes modos como empreendem sua atividade de trabalho na perspectiva da produção de autonomia e criação. Os recursos metodológicos propostos apoiam-se em conceitos e princípios preconizados na Ergologia e na Clínica da Atividade. Considera-se que o método é resultado de uma construção conjunta com aqueles que demandam a transformação das escolas em seu próprio fazer cotidiano, produzindo inflexões no que tenta paralisar e limitar a inventividade no trabalho. Nesse sentido, trata-se de atuar na contramão dos processos de precarização do trabalho, indagando o que está instituido: O que temos feito de nós mesmos, para onde desejamos ir, quais são nossas apostas ético-políticas

Transcriptional Responses of Herbaspirillum seropedicae to Environmental Phosphate Concentration

Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacterium associated with important cereal crops, which promotes plant growth, increasing their productivity. The understanding of the physiological responses of this bacterium to different concentrations of prevailing nutrients as phosphate (Pi) is scarce. In some bacteria, culture media Pi concentration modulates the levels of intracellular polyphosphate (polyP), modifying their cellular fitness. Here, global changes of H. seropedicae SmR1 were evaluated in response to environmental Pi concentrations, based on differential intracellular polyP levels. Cells grown in high-Pi medium (50 mM) maintained high polyP levels in stationary phase, while those grown in sufficient Pi medium (5 mM) degraded it. Through a RNA-seq approach, comparison of transcriptional profiles of H. seropedicae cultures revealed that 670 genes were differentially expressed between both Pi growth conditions, with 57% repressed and 43% induced in the high Pi condition. Molecular and physiological analyses revealed that aspects related to Pi metabolism, biosynthesis of flagella and chemotaxis, energy production, and polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism were induced in the high-Pi condition, while those involved in adhesion and stress response were repressed. The present study demonstrated that variations in environmental Pi concentration affect H. seropedicae traits related to survival and other important physiological characteristics. Since environmental conditions can influence the effectiveness of the plant growth-promoting bacteria, enhancement of bacterial robustness to withstand different stressful situations is an interesting challenge. The obtained data could serve not only to understand the bacterial behavior in respect to changes in rhizospheric Pi gradients but also as a base to design strategies to improve different bacterial features focusing on biotechnological and/or agricultural purposes

Continuous Multi-Parameter Heart Rate Variability Analysis Heralds Onset of Sepsis in Adults

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of sepsis enables timely resuscitation and antibiotics and prevents subsequent morbidity and mortality. Clinical approaches relying on point-in-time analysis of vital signs or lab values are often insensitive, non-specific and late diagnostic markers of sepsis. Exploring otherwise hidden information within intervals-in-time, heart rate variability (HRV) has been documented to be both altered in the presence of sepsis, and correlated with its severity. We hypothesized that by continuously tracking individual patient HRV over time in patients as they develop sepsis, we would demonstrate reduced HRV in association with the onset of sepsis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We monitored heart rate continuously in adult bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients (n = 21) beginning a day before their BMT and continuing until recovery or withdrawal (12+/-4 days). We characterized HRV continuously over time with a panel of time, frequency, complexity, and scale-invariant domain techniques. We defined baseline HRV as mean variability for the first 24 h of monitoring and studied individual and population average percentage change (from baseline) over time in diverse HRV metrics, in comparison with the time of clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis (defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome along with clinically suspected infection requiring treatment). Of the 21 patients enrolled, 4 patients withdrew, leaving 17 patients who completed the study. Fourteen patients developed sepsis requiring antibiotic therapy, whereas 3 did not. On average, for 12 out of 14 infected patients, a significant (25%) reduction prior to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis was observed in standard deviation, root mean square successive difference, sample and multiscale entropy, fast Fourier transform, detrended fluctuation analysis, and wavelet variability metrics. For infected patients (n = 14), wavelet HRV demonstrated a 25% drop from baseline 35 h prior to sepsis on average. For 3 out of 3 non-infected patients, all measures, except root mean square successive difference and entropy, showed no significant reduction. Significant correlation was present amongst these HRV metrics for the entire population. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Continuous HRV monitoring is feasible in ambulatory patients, demonstrates significant HRV alteration in individual patients in association with, and prior to clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, and merits further investigation as a means of providing early warning of sepsis

On the Evolution of Hexose Transporters in Kinetoplastid Potozoans

Glucose, an almost universally used energy and carbon source, is processed through several well-known metabolic pathways, primarily glycolysis. Glucose uptake is considered to be the first step in glycolysis. In kinetoplastids, a protozoan group that includes relevant human pathogens, the importance of glucose uptake in different phases of the life cycles is well established, and hexose transporters have been proposed as targets for therapeutic drugs. However, little is known about the evolutionary history of these hexose transporters. Hexose transporters contain an intracellular N- and C- termini, and 12 transmembrane spans connected by alternate intracellular and extracellular loops. In the present work we tested the hypothesis that the evolutionary rate of the transmembrane span is different from that of the whole sequence and that it is possible to define evolutionary units inside the sequence. The phylogeny of whole molecules was compared to that of their transmembrane spans and the loops connecting the transmembrane spans. We show that the evolutionary units in these proteins primarily consist of clustered rather than individual transmembrane spans. These analyses demonstrate that there are evolutionary constraints on the organization of these proteins; more specifically, the order of the transmembrane spans along the protein is highly conserved. Finally, we defined a signature sequence for the identification of kinetoplastid hexose transporters