Synergy Management of a Complex Industrial Production System from the Perspective of Flow Structure

Modern industry has become very complex and requires an equally complex engineering technology system, which includes resource utilization, energy conversion, product research and development, technological innovation, environmental protection and industrial ecology, and other aspects of the system. Continued development of large-scale, streamlined, and continuous processes is critical; however, there are also problems such as data redundancy, overcapacity, redundant construction, and waste of resources. Based on the system synergy theory, this paper introduces the system analysis method from the perspective of flow structure, with the purpose of solving the management defects of complex industrial production systems. First, we analyze the complex industrial production system as a collaborative structure of three subsystems: material flow, energy flow, and information flow. The following concepts are clarified: “material flow is the main body, energy flow is attached to and drives material flow, material flow and energy flow generate information flow, and information flow reversely drives material flow and energy flow”. Secondly, the collaborative evolution process of the complex industrial production system is divided into three periods, which are the generation period, the stalemate period, and the maturity period, and a synergy degree evaluation model is established, which considers the Theil index and subsystem gray correlation method, and extends the dynamic differential equation model of three-stage collaborative evolution. Subsequently, we used MATLAB numerical simulation to demonstrate that the collaborative evolution of production systems is related to four aspects. They are the self-organizing ability of the system, the dominant role of order parameters, the competition and cooperation between order parameters, and whether mutations can become order parameters. At the same time, it was also found that it is basically independent of other factors, such as attenuation inertia. Then, the self-organizing map network (SOM) algorithm was used for the rapid identification of mutation data. Finally, we use the empirical research of SG enterprises to show that their production level and management system are advanced, but they were in a non-cooperative state from 2014 to 2021. In 2022, they had the basic conditions and trends to enter the synergistic generation period, and a synergistic management model is required. At the end of the article, we give a collaborative management method for complex industrial enterprises with a good management foundation. These include the management mechanism based on flow structure collaboration and the management path based on collaborative evolution. Of course, the management countermeasures given in this study are also applicable to other complex process-based industrial enterprises

Distributions of fossil and extant mammals in China

01 Appendix_occurrence_data; 02 Appendix_community_data_Family; 03 Appendix_community_data_GenusAim Historical changes in community structure underlie modern spatial diversity patterns, but few empirical studies have focused on the variation in the community composition of fossil assemblages at large spatiotemporal scales. We wanted to investigat how the spatial differentiation of mammal communities changed in China throughout the Cenozoic in response to tectonic uplift and paleoclimatic changes and explore the timing of the emergence of the modern spatially structured faunas. Location China Time period Cenozoic (from 65 Ma to the present) Major taxa studied Terrestrial mammals Methods We used a compiled database of the distributions of fossil and extant mammals to compare the multiple-site beta diversity among families and genera within six time intervals of the Cenozoic using Sørensen dissimilarity (βsor) and Simpson dissimilarity (βsim). To investigate the timing of the emergence of the modern spatially structured faunas, we applied hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination based on pairwise βsim among seven zoogeographical regions within each time slice. Results The multiple-site beta diversity at the family level displayed hump-shaped changes during the Cenozoic, and it peaked in the Eocene and gradually decreased towards the present. However, the genus-level multiple-site beta diversity remained rather constant throughout the Cenozoic. Pronounced variations in the relationships among the zoogeographical regions were revealed in both the cluster analyses and ordinations. The modern spatial structure of mammal faunas at the family level was broadly similar to those observed in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Main conclusions The spatial differentiation of mammal faunas in China dates back to the Eocene and pre-dates the formation of modern topography and climate. Throughout the Cenozoic, the spatial structure of mammal faunas was reorganized by an interplay of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the emergence of the monsoon system and global macroevolutionary processes. The modern relationships among zoogeographical regions at the family level were established in the Pleistocene

Research on Hybrid Multi-Attribute Three-Way Group Decision Making Based on Improved VIKOR Model

In the era of internet connection and IOT, data-driven decision-making has become a new trend of decision-making and shows the characteristics of multi-granularity. Because three-way decision-making considers the uncertainty of decision-making for complex problems and the cost sensitivity of classification, it is becoming an important branch of modern decision-making. In practice, decision-making problems usually have the characteristics of hybrid multi-attributes, which can be expressed in the forms of real numbers, interval numbers, fuzzy numbers, intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs). Since other forms can be regarded as special forms of IVIFNs, transforming all forms into IVIFNs can minimize information distortion and effectively set expert weights and attribute weights. We propose a hybrid multi-attribute three-way group decision-making method and give detailed steps. Firstly, we transform all attribute values of each expert into IVIFNs. Secondly, we determine expert weights based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and cross-entropy and use interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average operator to obtain a group comprehensive evaluation matrix. Thirdly, we determine the weights of each attribute based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and use the VIKOR method improved by grey correlation analysis to determine the conditional probability. Fourthly, based on the risk loss matrix expressed by IVIFNs, we use the optimization method to determine the decision threshold and give the classification rules of the three-way decisions. Finally, an example verifies the feasibility of the hybrid multi-attribute three-way group decision-making method, which provides a systematic and standard solution for this kind of decision-making problem

Data from: Cenozoic evolution of beta diversity and a Pleistocene emergence for modern mammal faunas in China

Aim Historical changes in community structure underlie modern spatial diversity patterns, but few empirical studies have focused on the variation in the community composition of fossil assemblages at large spatiotemporal scales. We wanted to investigat how the spatial differentiation of mammal communities changed in China throughout the Cenozoic in response to tectonic uplift and paleoclimatic changes and explore the timing of the emergence of the modern spatially structured faunas. Location China Time period Cenozoic (from 65 Ma to the present) Major taxa studied Terrestrial mammals Methods We used a compiled database of the distributions of fossil and extant mammals to compare the multiple-site beta diversity among families and genera within six time intervals of the Cenozoic using Sørensen dissimilarity (βsor) and Simpson dissimilarity (βsim). To investigate the timing of the emergence of the modern spatially structured faunas, we applied hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination based on pairwise βsim among seven zoogeographical regions within each time slice. Results The multiple-site beta diversity at the family level displayed hump-shaped changes during the Cenozoic, and it peaked in the Eocene and gradually decreased towards the present. However, the genus-level multiple-site beta diversity remained rather constant throughout the Cenozoic. Pronounced variations in the relationships among the zoogeographical regions were revealed in both the cluster analyses and ordinations. The modern spatial structure of mammal faunas at the family level was broadly similar to those observed in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Main conclusions The spatial differentiation of mammal faunas in China dates back to the Eocene and pre-dates the formation of modern topography and climate. Throughout the Cenozoic, the spatial structure of mammal faunas was reorganized by an interplay of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the emergence of the monsoon system and global macroevolutionary processes. The modern relationships among zoogeographical regions at the family level were established in the Pleistocene

Characteristics Analysis and Identification of Key Sectors of Air Pollutant Emissions in China from the Perspective of Complex Metabolic Network

Presently, China is in a critical period of economic transformation and upgrading. At the same time, it is also facing the pressure of serious atmospheric environmental pollution, which seriously threatens human health and hinders the sustainable economic development. Air pollutants are closely related to economic sectors, which together constitute a complex network. Air pollutants form an input–output ecological metabolic relationship among different sectors. Therefore, from the perspective of complex metabolic network, this study first constructs an environmental input–output model and then comprehensively uses the relevant methods of ecological network analysis and complex network analysis to analyze the characteristics of China’s air pollutant emission system. Secondly, the key joint sectors of NOx and PM emissions are determined from the supply side and the demand side, respectively. Finally, the corresponding emission reduction measures are proposed for the identified key sectors

Selection of Third-Party Reverse Logistics Service Provider Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making

The scientific selection of a third-party reverse logistics service provider (3PRLP) is helpful for enterprises to obtain the expected ecological and economic benefits. Different enterprises have different requirements for 3PRLP selection and, thus, should adopt personalized and simplified evaluation criteria. However, there is a lack of research on criteria screening. Therefore, this paper proposes a criteria screening method based on a rough set for the first time. The 3PRLP selection is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in essence, and different criteria can be expressed in different forms. The existing research mostly uses one method for 3PRLP selection, lacking the comprehensive application of various methods. In this paper, various criteria values are transformed into intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs) for the comparison and combination of various intuitionistic fuzzy MCDM methods. In terms of criteria weighting, a subjective weighting method based on an analytical network process (ANP) is proposed due to the possible correlation between the criteria at the same level. Meanwhile, an objective weighting method based on intuitionistic fuzzy entropy is proposed. The subjective and objective weights are integrated to form the more scientific combination weights. Combining the modeling principles of different intuitionistic fuzzy MCDM methods, the representative methods under each principle are chosen to build a combination evaluation idea that integrates multiple single evaluation models, and the specific evaluation steps are given, including the single evaluation, Kendall compatibility test, combination evaluation, and Spearman consistency test. An illustrative example of 3PRLP selection is provided to verify the feasibility of the methods of criteria screening and weighting and the combination evaluation idea

Research on Hybrid Multi-Attribute Three-Way Group Decision Making Based on Improved VIKOR Model

In the era of internet connection and IOT, data-driven decision-making has become a new trend of decision-making and shows the characteristics of multi-granularity. Because three-way decision-making considers the uncertainty of decision-making for complex problems and the cost sensitivity of classification, it is becoming an important branch of modern decision-making. In practice, decision-making problems usually have the characteristics of hybrid multi-attributes, which can be expressed in the forms of real numbers, interval numbers, fuzzy numbers, intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs). Since other forms can be regarded as special forms of IVIFNs, transforming all forms into IVIFNs can minimize information distortion and effectively set expert weights and attribute weights. We propose a hybrid multi-attribute three-way group decision-making method and give detailed steps. Firstly, we transform all attribute values of each expert into IVIFNs. Secondly, we determine expert weights based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and cross-entropy and use interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average operator to obtain a group comprehensive evaluation matrix. Thirdly, we determine the weights of each attribute based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and use the VIKOR method improved by grey correlation analysis to determine the conditional probability. Fourthly, based on the risk loss matrix expressed by IVIFNs, we use the optimization method to determine the decision threshold and give the classification rules of the three-way decisions. Finally, an example verifies the feasibility of the hybrid multi-attribute three-way group decision-making method, which provides a systematic and standard solution for this kind of decision-making problem

Trade‐offs between economic development and biodiversity conservation on a tropical island

Resolving trade-offs between economic development and biodiversity conservation needs is crucial in currently developing countries and in particularly sensitive systems harboring high biodiversity. Yet, such a task is challenging because human activities have complex effects on biodiversity. We assessed the effects of intense economic development on Hainan Island (southern China) on different components of biodiversity. This highly biodiverse tropical island has undergone extensive economic development and conversion of forest to agriculture and urban area. We identified 3 main transformation areas (low, medium, and high transformation) based on land-use, local-climate, and economic changes across 145 grids (10 × 10 km), and estimated changes in avian biodive6rsity from 1998 to 2013. We recorded ongoing taxonomic biotic homogenization throughout the island. Differences between traditional and directional alpha diversity decreased by 5%. Phylogenetically clustering increased by 0.5 points (W = 7928, p < 0.01), and functional overdispersion increased by 1 point (W = 16,411, p < 0.01). Initial taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional scores correlated negatively with changes in these scores across all transformation areas (all ps < 0.01). At the local scale, economic and environmental indicators showed complex and divergent effects across transformation areas and biodiversity components. These effects were only partially ameliorated in an ecological function conservation area in the mountainous central part of the island. We found complex effects of economic development on different biodiversity dimensions in different areas with different land uses and protection regimes and between local and regional spatial scales. Profound ecosystem damage associated with economic development was partially averted, probably due to enhanced biodiversity conservation policies and law enforcement, but not without regional-scale biotic homogenization and local-scale biodiversity loss

Data from: Geographic variations in eco-evolutionary factors governing urban birds: the case of university campuses in China

&lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Urbanization alters natural habitats, restructures biotic communities, and serves as a filter for selecting species from regional species pools. However, empirical evidence of the specific traits that allow species to persist in urban areas yields mixed results. More importantly, it remains unclear which traits are widespread for species utilizing urban spaces (urban utilizers) and which are environment-dependent traits. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Using 745 bird species from 287 university/institute campuses in 74 cities and their species pools across China, we tested whether species that occur in urban areas are correlated with regards to their biological (body mass, beak shape, flight capacity, and clutch size), ecological (diet diversity, niche width, and habitat breadth), behavioral (foraging innovation), and evolutionary (diversification rate) attributes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;We used Bayesian phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models to disentangle the relative roles of these predictors further and to determine the extent to which the effects of these predictors varied among different cities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;We found that urban birds were more phylogenetically clustered than expected by chance, and were generally characterized by a larger habitat breadth, faster diversification rate, more behavioral innovation, and smaller body size. Notably, the relative effects of the attributes in explaining urban bird communities varied with city temperature and elevation, indicating that the filters used to determine urban species were environment-dependent. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;We conclude that, while urban birds are typically small-sized, generalists, innovative, and rapidly-diversifying, the key traits that allow them to thrive vary spatially, depending on the climatic and topographic conditions of the city. These findings emphasize the importance of studying species communities within specific cities to better understand the contextual dependencies of key traits that are filtered by urban environments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of China&lt;br&gt;Crossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/01h0zpd94&lt;br&gt;Award Number: 32271733&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Funding provided by: Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province&lt;br&gt;Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100021171&lt;br&gt;Award Number: 2023A1515011045&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Funding provided by: Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou*&lt;br&gt;Crossref Funder Registry ID: &lt;br&gt;Award Number: 2023A04J0121&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Funding provided by: National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program**&lt;br&gt;Crossref Funder Registry ID: &lt;br&gt;Award Number: 202310574047&lt;/p&gt

Theacrine: A purine alkaloid from Camellia assamica var. kucha with a hypnotic property via the adenosine system

Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid), a purine alkaloid from Camellia assamica var. kucha, has diverse pharmacological properties, including sedative and hypnotic activities, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, antidepressant effects, and a protective effect against stress-provoked liver damage. The present study aims to investigate the possible mechanism of the hypnotic activity of theacrine. The results revealed that theacrine significantly enhanced pentobarbital-induced sleep at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg (i.g.) in mice. Sleep parameter analysis by EEG and EMG showed that theacrine obviously shortened wake time and increased NREM sleep time and that theacrine almost had no effect on REM sleep. Meanwhile, theacrine markedly attenuated caffeine (a nonselective antagonist of adenosine receptor)-induced insomnia. In pretreatment with the adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist DPCPX and the A(2A) receptor antagonist SCH 58261, theacrine significantly reversed the decrease in sleeping time in pentobarbital-treated mice. In addition, theacrine also markedly increased the adenosine content in the hippocampus of rats. These results suggested that theacrine might mediate the adenosine system to augment pentobarbital-induced sleep.</p