15 research outputs found
Multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging using a high frame rate CMOS sensor with a field programmable gate array
A system has been developed in which multi-exposure Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is implemented using a high frame rate CMOS imaging sensor chip. Processing is performed using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The system allows different exposure times to be simulated by accumulating a number of short exposures. This has the advantage that the image acquisition time is limited by the maximum exposure time and that regulation of the illuminating light level is not required. This high frame rate camera has also been deployed to implement laser Doppler blood flow processing enabling direct comparison of multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging and Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) to be carried out using the same experimental data. Results from a rotating diffuser indicate that both multi-exposure LSCI and LDI provide a linear response to changes in velocity. This cannot be obtained using single-exposure LSCI unless an appropriate model is used for correcting the response
A single-chip CMOS pulse oximeter with on-chip lock-in detection
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive and continuous method for monitoring the blood oxygen saturation level. This paper presents the design and testing of a single-chip pulse oximeter fabricated in a 0.35 µm CMOS process. The chip includes photodiode, transimpedance amplifier, analogue band-pass filters, analogue-to-digital converters, digital signal processor and LED timing control. The experimentally measured AC and DC characteristics of individual circuits including the DC output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier, transimpedance gain of the transimpedance amplifier, and the central frequency and bandwidth of the analogue band-pass filters, show a good match (within 1%) with the circuit simulations. With modulated light source and integrated lock-in detection the sensor effectively suppresses the interference from ambient light and 1/f noise. In a breath hold and release experiment the single chip sensor demonstrates consistent and comparable performance to commercial pulse oximetry devices with a mean of 1.2% difference. The single-chip sensor enables a compact and robust design solution that offers a route towards wearable devices for health monitorin
Full field laser doppler blood flow sensor
EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Laser Doppler blood flow imaging using a CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing
The first fully integrated 2D CMOS imaging sensor with on-chip signal processing for applications in laser Doppler blood flow (LDBF) imaging has been designed and tested. To obtain a space efficient design over 64 × 64 pixels means that standard processing electronics used off-chip cannot be implemented. Therefore the analog signal processing at each pixel is a tailored design for LDBF signals with balanced optimization for signal-to-noise ratio and silicon area. This custom made sensor offers key advantages over conventional sensors, viz. the analog signal processing at the pixel level carries out signal normalization; the AC amplification in combination with an anti-aliasing filter allows analog-to-digital conversion with a low number of bits; low resource implementation of the digital processor enables on-chip processing and the data bottleneck that exists between the detector and processing electronics has been overcome. The sensor demonstrates good agreement with simulation at each design stage. The measured optical performance of the sensor is demonstrated using modulated light signals and in vivo blood flow experiments. Images showing blood flow changes with arterial occlusion and an inflammatory response to a histamine skin-prick demonstrate that the sensor array is capable of detecting blood flow signals from tissue
Electrical Resistance Prediction for Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Resin Composite Gasket under Thermal Creep Conditions
Carbon nanotube-based conductive polymer composites (CPC) showed great potentials for self-sensing and in situ structural health monitoring systems. Prediction of the long-term performance for such materials would be a meaningful topic for engineering design. In this work, the changing behavior of the long-term resistance of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes/epoxy resin composite gasket was studied under different temperature and loading conditions. Glass transition strongly influenced the resistance behavior of the composite during the thermal creep process. Similar to classical Kelvin–Voigt creep model, a model considering both the destruction and recovery processes of the conductive network inside the CPC was established. The long-term resistance variation can be predicted based on the model, and the results provided here may serve as a useful guide for further design of smart engineering structural health monitoring systems
Real-Time Data Analysis and Processing Based on UDP Communication Platform Based on LabVIEW
Electrical Resistance Prediction for Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Resin Composite Gasket under Thermal Creep Conditions
Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Inhibit Muscular Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis and Ameliorate Muscle Atrophy in Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia
is known as age-related muscle atrophy, which influences
over a quarter of the elderly population worldwide. It is characterized
by a progressive decline in muscle mass, strength, and performance.
To date, clinical treatments in sarcopenia are limited to rehabilitative
interventions and dietary supplements. Tetrahedral framework nucleic
acids (tFNAs) represent a novel kind of DNA-based nanomaterial with
superior antiapoptosis capacity in cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
In our study, the therapeutic effect of tFNAs treatment on sarcopenia
was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Results from muscular biophysiological
characteristics demonstrated significant improvement in muscle function
and endurance in the aged mouse model, and histologic examinations
also showed beneficial morphological changes in muscle fibers. In
vitro, DEX-induced sarcopenic myotube atrophy was also ameliorated
through the inhibition of mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis. Collectively,
tFNAs treatment might serve as an alternative option to deal with
sarcopenia in the near future