Child second language acquisition of English : a longitudinal case study of a Turkish-speaking child.

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The role of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Premature infants who are exposed to prolonged oxygen (O2) therapy often develop Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by reduced alveolar formation and matrix remodelling. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) is an important regulator of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema. Since MMP-12 regulates elastic fibers, inflammation, and angiogenesis, we hypothesized that MMP-12 deficiency enables alveolar growth in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury as a model of BPD. Specifically, we investigated the role of MMP-12 in (1) alveolar structure and pulmonary angiogenesis, (2) extracellular matrix metabolism as well as (3) macrophage activation. To address these research questions, newborn wildtype mice (WT) and MMP-12 deficient mice (MMP12-/-) were exposed to either hyperoxia (85% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P14. Starting at P15 all animals were exposed to 21% O2 for recovery. At P28, lungs were excised en bloc and the tissue samples were either snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen or pressure-fixed in paraformaldehyde for molecular and biochemical investigations as well as quantitative histomorphometry and immunostainings. (1) Quantitative histomorphometric analyses revealed that lungs of WT animals had reduced alveolar and microvascular formation after hyperoxia; however, these pathological changes were significantly attenuated in MMP12-/- mice when compared to WT. (2) The assessment of elastic fibers and collagen showed that the distorted elastic fibers and the increase of collagen observed in WT animals after hyperoxia and indictive for fibrotic processes, were mitigated in lungs of MMP12-/- mice. In addition to these morphological improvements, the loss of MMP-12 promoted the gene expressions of surfactant proteins (Stfpb, Stfpc) and prevented the activation of TGF-β signalling under hyperoxia. (3) Finally, MMP12-/- mice were protected from macrophage influx after hyperoxia. In summary, the present study demonstrates that loss of MMP-12 enables alveolar and microvsascular formation, attenuates matrix remodelling and mitigates inflammation in neonatal lungs after hyperoxia, offering a possible new therapeutic target to treat BPD

Evaluation of dietary magnesium intake and Its association with depression, anxiety and eating behaviors?

Research problem/Aim: Magnesium is an essential mineral for the organism. Magnesium which is necessary for the ability of more than three hundred enzymes to function found to be associated with many diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the intake of dietary Magnesium in university students and to define its relationship with depressive symptoms, anxiety and eating behaviors. Method: This study included 386 university students who were not diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder and were not using magnesium-containing nutritional supplements. A questionnaire of 6 sections including the general characteristics of participants like age, smoking, income status, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, 24-hour retrospective food consumption form, physical activity record form and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire were applied face to face and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS IBM© version 23. Findings: The average magnesium intake of participants in inadequate Mg intake group was 175,5±47,6 mg/day, and 353,4±107,23 mg/day in adequate Mg group. Dietary Mg intake was evaluated according to Turkey Food and Nutrition Guide. It was determined that Mg intake of inadequate Mg group were met only 48,2±12,09% of the requirement. The factors such as smoking, BMI and fiber intake were found different into groups (p <0.05). It was concluded that inadequate Mg intake was not a risk factor for depression (OR: 1.035, 95% CI: 0,543-1,975, p = 0.916).  Anxiety, restricting eating and emotional behaviors had no relationship with dietary Mg intake (p>0.05), but external eating behavior scores was found to be related with Mg intake (r=0,110; p<0,05). Conclusions: According to this research, there is no relationship between adequate Mg intake and depression, anxiety and eating behaviors but further research is needed. [Abstract Text must be 12pt, Garamond, adjusted, single line space, at least 150 words. Proper translate from local language on the right column. If the study is a field research, all parts (see header-C below) of work must be mentioned here in abstract section

Influence of type cutting, IBA concentration and collection times on rooting of tea (Camellia sinensis L.)

Type of cutting, rooting hormone Indol-3-burtyric acid (IBA), collection time are critical factors that affect rooting development of semi-hardwood cuttings. In this study, the objectives were to determine the best type of cutting, collection times and the effect of IBA (Indol-3-burtyric acid) hormone on rooting of Turkish Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clone (Muradiye-10) cultivars. The cuttings were collected on 15 July and 1 August. After pre-treating with 0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm IBA, the cuttings with full leaf and half leaf cuttings were rooted in perlite medium at the unheated but mist propagated glasshouse. Semi- hardwood cuttings were exposed to the rooting media for 60 days, and then, they all were removed from media to determine the survival rate, rooting rate, root number, root length, root diameter, and root quality. In both years, the survival rates were between 65.0-98.3%; the rooting rates between 10.0-95.0%; the root numbers between 2.2-8.4; the root lengths between 5.9-16.8 cm; the root diameters between 0.60-1.21 mm and the root qualities between 1.56-3.76. The highest rooting and rooting quality were from semi- hardwood cuttings prepared with full leaf cuttings on August 1st. All the cuttings were treated with 4000 and 6000 ppm IBA. The lowest rooting and rooting quality were from control (0 ppm IBA) treatment

A RESEARCH TOWARDS DETERMINING THE ECOTOURISM AND ECO-ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL OF NAZARKÖY

The aim of this research is to discover the ecotourism and eco-entrepreneurship potential of Nazarköy. Within this scope, the natural, cultural and geographic sources of the region and the perspective of local people on ecotourism and eco-entrepreneurship were focused. Nazarköy is a pretty settlement center located in Kemalpaşa district of İzmir, 4-5 km away from the district, 2 km.s inward from Torbalı highway, on the foothills of Nif Mountain. The means of living in the village with a population of approximately 400 people are cherries, tobacco and evil eye beads.The research is based on descriptive, heuristic, interview and observation. Within the scope of study, 30 people were face-to-face interviewed among the local people, it was endeavored to observe the local people and visitors by visiting the region and discovering the natural and cultural sources on-site. Participants in the interview give full support to the approach where sensitivity to the environment, necessity of awareness activities, management that does not harm the environment and natural environment are very important. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found out that Nazarköy has a rich potential for ecotourism activities. It was observed that the region has suitable natural sources for ecotourism activities such as festival tourism, mountain/rock climbing, trekking with horse, local handicrafts, nature photography, discovery of nature, bicycle tourism, camp/caravan tourism and scouting. Furthermore it can be stated that the existing business owning entrepreneurs and those individuals with potential to set up new businesses have an eco-entrepreneurial approach.

Production and processing asymmetries in the acquisition of tense morphology by sequential bilingual children

This study investigates the production and on-line processing of English tense morphemes by sequential bilingual (L2) Turkish-speaking children with more than three years of exposure to English. Thirty nine 6-9-year-old L2 children and 28 typically developing age-matched monolingual (L1) children were administered the production component for third person –s and past tense of the Test for Early Grammatical Impairment (Rice & Wexler, 1996) and participated in an on-line word-monitoring task involving grammatical and ungrammatical sentences with presence/omission of tense (third person –s, past tense -ed) and non-tense (progressive –ing, possessive ‘s) morphemes. The L2 children’s performance on the on-line task was compared to that of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in Montgomery & Leonard (1998, 2006) to ascertain similarities and differences between the two populations. Results showed that the L2 children were sensitive to the ungrammaticality induced by the omission of tense morphemes, despite variable production. This reinforces the claim about intact underlying syntactic representations in child L2 acquisition despite non target-like production (Haznedar & Schwartz, 1997)

Streamflow forecasting using a hybrid LSTM-PSO approach: the case of Seyhan Basin

The conditions which affect the sustainability of water cause a number of serious environmental and hydrological problems. Effective and correct management of water resources constitutes an effective and important issue among scales. In this sense, a precise estimation of streamflow time series in rivers is one of the most important issues in optimal management of surface water resources. Therefore, a hybrid method combining particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and long short-term memory networks (LSTM) are proposed to predict flow with data obtained from different flow measurement stations. In this respect, the data gathered from three Flow Measurement Stations (FMS) from Zamanti and Eglence rivers located on Seyhan Basin are utilized. Besides, the proposed LSTM-PSO method is compared to an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and the LSTM benchmark model to demonstrate the performance achievement of proposed method. The prediction performances of the developed hybrid model and the others are tested on the determined stations. The forecasting performances of the models are determined with RMSE, MAE, MAPE, SD, and R-2 metrics. The comparison results indicated that the LSTM-PSO method provides highest results with values of R-2 (approximate to 0.9433), R-2 (approximate

Evaluation of genetic diversity of cultivated tea clones (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in the eastern black sea coast by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRS)

SANDALLI, Cemal/0000-0002-1298-3687; PEHLIVAN, NECLA/0000-0002-2045-8380WOS: 000376744800008Tea is the most globally consumed drink after spring water and an important breeding plant with high economical value in Turkey. in half a century, various kinds of tea cultivars have been bred in Turkey to improve the quality and yield of tea plants. Since tea reproduces sexually, tea fields vary in quality. Thus, determining the genetic diversity and relationship of the plants to support breeding and cultivation is important. in this study we aimed to determine the genetic diversity of tea cultivars breeding in the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey and the genetic relationship between them, to verify whether the qualitative morphological designations of the clones are genetically true by the ISSR markers. Herein, the genetic diversity and relationships of 18 Turkish tea cultivars were determined using 15 ISSR markers with sizes ranging from 250 to 3000 base pairs. the similarity indices among these cultivars were between 0.456 and 0.743. Based on cluster analysis using UPGMA, some of tea cultivars originating from the same geographical position were found to be clustered closely. Our data provide valuable information and a useful basis to assist selection and cloning experiments of tea cultivars and also help farmers to find elite parental clones for tea breeding in the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey.Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityRecep Tayyip Erdogan University [BAP_2013.102.03.4]This work was supported by Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Research Fund Grants BAP_2013.102.03.4