Eventbetjentuddannelsen - en forskningsbaseret uddannelse i dialogbaseret håndtering af masseforsamlinger

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Characterising Alzheimer's disease through integrative NMR- and LC-MS-based metabolomics

BackgroundAlzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial disease and novel approaches are needed to illuminate the underlying pathology. Metabolites comprise the end-product of genes, transcripts, and protein regulations and might reflect disease pathogenesis. Blood is a common biofluid used in metabolomics; however, since extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold cell-specific biological material and can cross the blood-brain barrier, their utilization as biological material warrants further investigation. We aimed to investigate blood- and EV-derived metabolites to add insigts to the pathological mechanisms of AD. MethodsBlood samples were collected from 10 AD and 10 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients, and 10 healthy controls. EVs were enriched from plasma using 100,000×g, 1 h, 4 °C with a wash. Metabolites from serum and EVs were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Multivariate and univariate analyses were employed to identify altered metabolites in cognitively impaired individuals. ResultsWhile no significant EV-derived metabolites were found differentiating patients from healthy individuals, six serum metabolites were found important; valine (p = 0.001, fold change, FC = 0.8), histidine (p = 0.001, FC = 0.9), allopurinol riboside (p = 0.002, FC = 0.2), inosine (p = 0.002, FC = 0.3), 4-pyridoxic acid (p = 0.006, FC = 1.6), and guanosine (p = 0.004, FC = 0.3). Pathway analysis revealed branched-chain amino acids, purine and histidine metabolisms to be downregulated, and vitamin B6 metabolism upregulated in patients compared to controls. ConclusionUsing a combination of LC-MS and NMR methodologies we identified several altered mechanisms possibly related to AD pathology. EVs require additional optimization prior to their possible utilization as a biological material for AD-related metabolomics studies

Swedish Supporter Liaison Officers in Action

The Supporter Liaison Officer (SLO) role became incorporated into the UEFA li-censing system from the 2012/13 season (UEFA 2012). The introduction of article 35 into the UEFA Club Licensing and Fi-nancial Fair Play Regulations demanded that clubs across Europe have an appoint-ed SLO to ensure the flow of dialogue be-tween clubs, supporters, and other stake-holders. This interview study focusses on how the SLOs themselves perceive their role, its challenges and its adaptation in the Swedish national context. The article documents how SLOs use their position to make the voice of these supporters heard by the club and police. They work to re-solve issues and prevent conflicts which hold the potential to develop into arrests and the criminalisation of supporters. De-spite emphasising their role of being a spokesman for the supporter community, the aim for the SLO is to be seen as a cred-ible and trustworthy mediator between the stakeholders who often have conflicting goals. This is achieved by working to a particular code of ethical conduct that al-lows them to operate with high levels of discretion amongst supporters, while also maintaining an effective working relation-ship with the club and the police.SLO, intervjustudie.</p

Swedish Supporter Liaison Officers in Action

SLO, intervjustudie.The Supporter Liaison Officer (SLO) role became incorporated into the UEFA li-censing system from the 2012/13 season (UEFA 2012). The introduction of article 35 into the UEFA Club Licensing and Fi-nancial Fair Play Regulations demanded that clubs across Europe have an appoint-ed SLO to ensure the flow of dialogue be-tween clubs, supporters, and other stake-holders. This interview study focusses on how the SLOs themselves perceive their role, its challenges and its adaptation in the Swedish national context. The article documents how SLOs use their position to make the voice of these supporters heard by the club and police. They work to re-solve issues and prevent conflicts which hold the potential to develop into arrests and the criminalisation of supporters. De-spite emphasising their role of being a spokesman for the supporter community, the aim for the SLO is to be seen as a cred-ible and trustworthy mediator between the stakeholders who often have conflicting goals. This is achieved by working to a particular code of ethical conduct that al-lows them to operate with high levels of discretion amongst supporters, while also maintaining an effective working relation-ship with the club and the police