Computer design of a digital radio link

Pozemní digitální radioreléové spoje se používají k přenosu digitálních informací mezi pevnými nepohyblivými stanicemi s přímou radiovou viditelností. Každý takovýto spoj má různé charakteristiky a určující parametry pro přenos. Navrhujeme-li radioreléový spoj, máme k dispozici technické parametry jako datovou rychlost a kapacitu spoje. Pro splnění těchto parametrů a přenosu s minimálním počtem chyb musíme brát v úvahu co nejvíce jevů při šíření elektromagnetických vln. Některé metody šíření jsou pevně dány, jiné se dále vyvíjí. Některé metody a vlivy šíření jsou závislé na klimatickém podnebí. Cílem tohoto projektu je nastudovat metody návrhu pozemního radioreléového spoje s přihlédnutím k doporučením ITU. Vytvořit počítačový program, který tuto metodiku návrhu implementuje.The Terrestrial digital radio links are used for transmitting digital information between fixed stations on a line of sight of a radio path. Each digital radio link has many characteristics and parameters for transmission. We require technical parameters in the design of digital radio link such as data rates and capacities. In this design we should take into account most effects of the electromagnetic waves propagation, if we want to meet user technical requirements of the link and if that link may correctly transmit digital signals with minimum errors. Prediction methods for the design of terrestrial line of sight systems are still in progress. Some effects of electromagnetic waves propagation and methods of the digital radio link design depend on natural variability and climate. The goal of this diploma thesis is to investigate methods for the design of terrestrial line of sight links with taking into account of ITU recommendation. Make computer program which implement this investigate methods

Identifikacija alela gena za puroindolin i njihov utjecaj na teksturu zrna pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.)

Grain hardness is one of the most important quality characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is a significant property of wheat grains and relates to milling quality and end product quality. Grain hardness is caused by the presence of puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb). A collection of 25 genotypes of wheat with unusual grain colour (blue aleurone, purple and white pericarp, yellow endosperm) was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diversity within Pina and Pinb (alleles: Pina-D1a, Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a, Pinb- -D1b, Pinb-D1c and Pinb-D1d). The endosperm structure was determined by a non-destructive method using light transfl ectance meter and grain hardness by a texture analyser. Genotype Novosibirskaya 67 and isogenic ANK lines revealed hitherto unknown alleles at the locus for the annealing of primers of Pinb-D1. Allele Pinb-D1c was found to be absent from each genotype. The mealy endosperm ranged from 0 to 100 % and grain hardness from 15.10 to 26.87 N per sample.Tvrdoća zrna jedno je od najvažnijih svojstava pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) koje utječe na mlinarsku kakvoću i svojstva krajnjeg proizvoda, a određuju ju geni za puroindolin (Pina i Pinb). Metodom lančane reakcije polimeraze određena je prisutnost različitih alela gena Pina i Pinb (Pina-D1a, Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a, Pinb-D1b, Pinb-D1c i Pinb-Did) u 25 genotipova pšenice neobične boje zrna (plavi aleuron, ljubičasti i bijeli perikarp, žuti endosperm), a nakon toga su ispitani struktura i tvrdoća zrna. U genotipu Novosibirskaya 67 i izogenoj liniji ANK otkriveni su dosad nepoznati aleli na mjestu sparivanja početnica gena Pinb-D1. Utvrđeno je da genotipovi nisu sadržavali alel Pinb-D1c. Udjel je brašnastog endosperma u uzorku zrna pšenice bio od 0 do 100 %, a tvrdoća zrna od 15,10 do 26,87 N

Testing of DNA isolation for the identification of hemp

Hemp is diploid organism (2n = 2x = 20, genome size 534 Mb) with nine pairs of autosomes plus XX (♀) or XY (♂) chromosomes. Cannabis sativa L. is an important economic plant for the production of food, fibre, oils, and intoxicants. Genotypes (varieties or chemovar) of hemp with low Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content are used for industrial applications. Varieties with high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or high cannabidiol content are used for medicinal applications. Biochemical and molecular methods can be used for identification and classification. An important step for molecular biology methods is to obtain the matrix of the native and sufficiently pure DNA. We tested two different experimental variant of samples (20 mg and 100 mg) of seeds, oilcake and dried flowers for analysis of the Italian variety Carmagnola for analysis (harvested in 2014, Hempoint Ltd., Czech Republic). The DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, GE) was used to isolate the DNA. The DNA concentration and purity was assessed by agarose electrophoresis and via a spectrophotometer. Samples of lower weight yielded lower values of DNA concentration (average 16.30 - 38.90 ng.µL-1), but with better purity than samples of higher weight (ratio A260nm/A280nm for low-weight samples was near 1.80). To test the applicability of DNA analysis, we used two SSR markers (CAN1347 and CAN2913). PCR products were separated on 1% agarose and on 8% polyacrylamide electrophoresis. DNA samples obtained from samples of higher weight exhibited less PCR amplification than samples of lower weight. We found no effect of sample weight on the formation of non-specific amplification products during the PCR reaction. Based on our results we can be recommended for practical isolation procedure using DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit with lower of sample weight (20 mg). In future work the procedure for DNA isolating from wheat-cannabis products, e. g. breads, rolls or pasta, will be optimized

The effect of feeding wheat with purple pericarp on the growth of carp

This study assessed and compared the influence of feeding wheat with purple pericarp (variety Konini) and standard coloured wheat (red variety Bohemia) on the growth characteristics of fingerling carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) of the "Amurský lysec" line. The total content of anthocyanins converted to cyanidin 3-glucoside in the control Bohemia wheat was 24.95 mg.kg-1 and in the Konini purple wheat 41.70 mg.kg-1. Two experimental variants for feed were evaluated: dipped wheat grain and crushed wheat grain. The feed dose for wheat was 1.5% of the fish stock weight and for natural food (frozen Chironomid larvae) was 0.2% of fish stock weight to all variants. Growth parameters (body length, body weight, Fulton's condition factor and feed conversion ratio) of the fish were evaluated after one month of administration. The feed consumption and physico-chemical parameters (temperature, oxygen saturation, pH, N-NH4 +, N-NO2-, N-NO3- and Cl-) of the environment were observed. During the feeding test, no major differences in food consumption among variations feeding on either wheat and on Chironomid larvae were noted. Satisfying results for mas and length gain were achieved in V2 wheat with purple pericarp (Konini variety - dipped grain), where the average total body length was 156.56 mm and the average unit mass was 60.81 g. In this variant, higher values of the parameters were achieved compared to the control group (100.6%, resp. 104.2%). A positive impact of wheat with purple pericarp on the evaluated parameter of fish condition factor was demonstrated. This trend was confirmed in all variants. No effect was demonstrated for mechanical disruption of kernels on the level of utilization of nutrients. In further experiments on growth characteristics we would like to determine antioxidant parameters in the blood and liver of fry

Flow injection analysis coupled with carbon electrodes as the tool for analysis of naphthoquinones with respect to their content and functions in biological samples

Naphthoquinones are one of the groups of secondary metabolites widespread in nature, where they mostly appear as chromatic pigments. They embody broad-range of biological actions from phytotoxic to fungicidal. An anticancer effect of naphthoquinones stimulates an interest in determination and characterization of single derivatives of 1,2- and 1,4-quinones in biological samples. The main aim of this work was to suggest a technique suitable to determine lawsone, juglone and/or plumbagin in biological samples and to study of their influence on BY-2 tobacco cells. The BY-2 tobacco cells were cultivated in the presence of the naphthoquinones of interest ( 500 mu g.l(-1)) for 24 h and then the morphological changes were observed. We found out that naphthoquinones triggered the programmed cell death at BY-2 cells, which can be confirmed by the apoptotic bodies in nucleus. After that we suggested and optimized different electrochemical techniques such differential pulse voltammetry ( DPV) coupled with hanging mercury drop ( HMDE) and carbon paste electrode, micro flow device coupled with carbon screen printed electrodes and flow injection analysis coupled with Coulochem III detector to determine them. The detection limits of naphthoquinones of interest were expressed as 3S/N and varied from units to hundreds of ng per millilitres according to methods used. Moreover, we utilized DPV coupled with HMDE and micro flow device to determine content of juglone in leaves Persian walnut ( Juglans regia). We determined that the leaves contained juglone tenths of g per 100 g of fresh weight. The results obtained show the convincing possibilities of using of these methods in analysis of plant secondary metabolites

Effects of Various Doses of Selenite on Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) on the growth, accumulation and possible mechanisms of Se transport in certain parts (roots, leaves, stamp and apex) of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) plants. Se was supplemented by one-shot and two repeated doses to the soil (2.0 and 4.0 mg Se per kg of substrate). Selenium content in roots increased linearly with dose and was significantly higher compared to other plant parts of interest. However, growth of the above-ground parts of plant as well as roots was slightly inhibited with increasing selenium concentration in comparison to the untreated plants. The content of phytochelatin2, a low molecular mass peptide containing a sulfhydryl group, correlated well with the Se content. This suggests a possible stimulation of synthesis of this plant peptide by Se

Are early somatic embryos of the norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) organised?

Background Somatic embryogenesis in conifer species has great potential for the forestry industry. Hence, a number of methods have been developed for their efficient and rapid propagation through somatic embryogenesis. Although information is available regarding the previous process-mediated generation of embryogenic cells to form somatic embryos, there is a dearth of information in the literature on the detailed structure of these clusters. Methodology/Principal Findings The main aim of this study was to provide a more detailed structure of the embryogenic tissue clusters obtained through the in vitro propagation of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). We primarily focused on the growth of early somatic embryos (ESEs). The data on ESE growth suggested that there may be clear distinctions between their inner and outer regions. Therefore, we selected ESEs collected on the 56th day after sub-cultivation to dissect the homogeneity of the ESE clusters. Two colourimetric assays (acetocarmine and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining) and one metabolic assay based on the use of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride uncovered large differences in the metabolic activity inside the cluster. Next, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. The ESE cluster seemed to be compactly aggregated during the first four weeks of cultivation; thereafter, the difference between the 1H nuclei concentration in the inner and outer clusters was more evident. There were clear differences in the visual appearance of embryos from the outer and inner regions. Finally, a cluster was divided into six parts (three each from the inner and the outer regions of the embryo) to determine their growth and viability. The innermost embryos (centripetally towards the cluster centre) could grow after sub-cultivation but exhibited the slowest rate and required the longest time to reach the common growth rate. To confirm our hypothesis on the organisation of the ESE cluster, we investigated the effect of cluster orientation on the cultivation medium and the influence of the change of the cluster’s three-dimensional orientation on its development. Maintaining the same position when transferring ESEs into new cultivation medium seemed to be necessary because changes in the orientation significantly affected ESE growth. Conclusions and Significance This work illustrated the possible inner organisation of ESEs. The outer layer of ESEs is formed by individual somatic embryos with high metabolic activity (and with high demands for nutrients, oxygen and water), while an embryonal group is directed outside of the ESE cluster. Somatic embryos with depressed metabolic activity were localised in the inner regions, where these embryonic tissues probably have a very important transport function

The weakening of the independence of the judiciary and influence of the state administration on judicial decisions in the period of 1948 - 1953

This thesis is focused on the performance of judicial power in Czechoslovakia in the period of 1948 -- 1953, that is characterized by almost unlimited influence of the ruling party, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, on the entire society. It was associated with a destruction of division of power in the state and with intentional limitations of the independence of judiciary. The aim of the work is to identify and analyse particular components of a specific mechanism that was introduced to enable to influence the judiciary decisions according to power and political interests of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia through administrative bodies, especially Ministry of Justice. For this purpose fundamental changes of the legislation, personnel and also organizational changes in the judiciary were carried out

The development of the Czechoslovac economics during the period of the first post-war years (1918 \u2013 1922)

This bachelor theses focuses on the period of the first post-war years (1918 -- 1922), which played the crucial role in forming of the economics of the newly established Czechoslovac republic. The work targets the complex process of the establishment of the new independent state, the possibilities of the economic collaboration with the other successions states after the desintegration of the Austro -- Hungarian monarchy. The topic continues with the process of building-up of the independent economy and supression of the influence of the previous economic centres of the monarchy. The steps necessary for the economic emancipation were included in the Economic Law, that had been prepared before the break up of the monarchy. These economic devices included customs and monetary separation, domestication and repatriation of the capital and land reform. The work tries to analyse the whole process.Bakalářská práce se zabývá prvními poválečnými roky (1918-1922), které měly klíčový význam pro utváření ekonomiky nově vzniklé Československé republiky. Nejprve se práce zaměřuje na problematiku vzniku samostatného státu a na možnosti navázání hospodářské spolupráce s ostatními nástupnickými zeměmi po rozpadu Rakouska-Uherska. Déle se již práce věnuje otázce budování samostatné ekonomiky a potlačení vlivu bývalých ekonomických center monarchie. Pro hospodářskou emancipaci nutné kroky byly obseženy již v návrhu hospodářského zákona, vypracovaném před rozpadem monarchie. Tato hospodářská opatření zahrnující celní a měnovou odluku, nostrifikaci a repatriaci kapitálu a pozemkovou reformu a analýza jejich průběhu tvoří jádro této práce