Determination of OD Value and CFU Dilution for Modeling the Infection of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis on Experimental Mice

Background. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is also sometimes called a yeast infection, and it occurs when there is overgrowth of the normal yeast in the vagina. This infection is relatively common nearly 75% of all adult women have had at least one "yeast infection" in their lifetime and harmful for their immune system. Objective. To measure the number of colonies of Candida albicans in the treated mice induced by Candida albicans derived from clinical strain BALB/c at various clinical dosages in CFU dilution and to determine the optic density (OD) value in blood serums of the treated mice. Method. Three mice clinical strain BALB/c, 18-12 weeks, weight 25-30 gr, were randomly selected and Candida albicans were transvaginally induced to the treated mice with 10

Tanggapan Kepala Sekolah dan Guru Pendidikan Jasmani terhadap Penerapan Kurikulum 2013 pada SMA Negeri Kota Subulussalam Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016

Penelitian yang berjudul “Tanggapan Kepala Sekolah dan Guru Pendidikan Jasmani Terhadap Penerapan Kurikulum 2013 pada SMA Negeri Kota Subulussalam Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016” Kurikulum 2013 merupakan sebuah pembelajaran yang menekankan pada aspek afektif atau Perubahan perilaku dan kompetensi yang ingin dicapai adalah kompetensi yang berimbang antara sikap, keterampilan, dan pengetahuan, disamping cara pembelajarannya yang holistik dan menyenangkan ini mengangkat masalah bagaimanakah tanggapan kepala sekolah dan Guru Pendidikan Jasmani terhadap penerapan kurikulum 2013 pada SMA Negeri Kota Subulussalam Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggapan kepala sekolah dan Guru Pendidikan Jasmani terhadap penerapan kurikulum 2013 pada SMA Negeri Kota Subulussalam Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dimana peneliti mendeskripsikan, menggambarkan atau melukiskan secara sistematis, yang bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang keadaan-keadaan yang nyata. Data-data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, dokumen, gambar dan bukan angka-angka. Populasi adalah keseluruhan subjek penelitian”. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini kepala sekolah dan guru pendidikan jasmani Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri Kota Subulussalam dengan jumlah 12 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi lapangan dan wawancara. Untuk mengetahui tanggapan kepala sekoalah dan guru pendidikan jasmani terhadap penerapan kurikulum 2013 pada SMA Negeri Kota Subulussalam peneliti melakukan wawancara langsung dan mengambil jawaban sebagai hasil penelitian. Hasil analisis data dari jawaban keseluruhan responden tanggapan kepala sekolah dan guru pendidikan jasmani terhadap penerapan kurikulum 2013 pada SMA Negeri Kota Subulussalam adalah rata-rata setuju dan mendukung dengan penerapan kurikulum 2013 karena lebih efesien dan efektif dalam pembelajaran. Hambatan yang dihadapi adalah masih minimnya sarana dan prasarana, buku pedoman untuk kurikulum 2013, serta perlunya di adakan pelatihan rutin terhadap guru. Disaranakan kepada Dinas Pendidikan, Kepala Sekolah dan Guru Pendidikan Jasmani agar memdukung penuh terhadap penerapan kurikulum 2013 agar tercapainya tujuan pendidikan tersebut.TANGGAPAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN GURU PENDIDIKAN JASMANI TERHADAP PENERAPAN KURIKULUM 2013 PADA SMA NEGERI KOTA SUBULUSSALAM TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/201

The Role of Giving High Dose Calcium for Preventing Preeclampsia: Peran Pemberian Kalsium Dosis Tinggi untuk MencegahTerjadinya Preeklamsia

AbstractObjective: Knowing the effectiveness of high doses of calcium in preventing preeclampsia.Methods: Experimental analytical study with Randomized Controlled design Single-blind trial in the form of survival analysis (survival analysis) in the period June 2018 - May 2019 in fetomaternal outpatients clinic in Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, PalembangResults: The mean hemoglobin level at the last visit found that the average hemoglobin level between the two groups was 12.81 in the high calcium group and 12.61 in the low calcium group, while the mean hematocrit level between the two groups was 35.17 in the high calcium group and 34.84 in the low calcium group and the respective calcium levels each group is 10.1. In this study, after high calcium intervention, no pregnant women with preeclampsia were found, whereas in the low-dose calcium intervention group it was found that 3 of 17 patients (17.7%) had preeclampsia. With the McNemar test it was found that there was no difference in the incidence of preeclampsia both after highdose calcium and low-dose calcium interventions (p = 0.250).Conclusions: High-dose calcium (1.5g - 2g) is effective in preventing preeclampsia and there was no difference in effectiveness between administration of high-dose calcium with low-dose calcium administration to the incidence of preeclampsia.Keywords: high dose calcium, preeclampsia, randomized control trial. AbstrakTujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas pemberian kalsium dosis tinggi dalam mencegah preeklamsia.Metode: Penelitian analitik eksperimental dengan desain randomized controlled trial single blind dalam bentuk ujian alias kesintasan (survival analysis) dalam kurun waktu Juni 2018 – Mei 2019 di Poliklinik Fetomaternal Rumah Sakit Umum Pendidikan Mohammad Hoesin, PalembangHasil: Rerata kadar hemoglobin pada kunjungan terakhir didapatkan rerata kadar hemoglobin antara kedua kelompok adalah 12,81 pada kelompok kalsium tinggi dan 12,61 pada kelompok kalsium rendah, sedangkan rerata kadar hematokrit antara kedua kelompok adalah 35,17 pada kelompok kalsium tinggi dan 34,84 pada kelompok kalsium rendah dan rerata kadar kalsium masing-masing kelompok adalah 10,1. Pada penelitian ini setelah intervensi kalsium tinggi tidak ditemukan ibu hamil yang mengalami preeklamsia, sedangkan pada kelompok intervensi kalsium dosis rendah ditemukan 3 dari 17 pasien (17,7%) menderita preeklamsia. Dengan uji Mc Nemar didapatkan hasil tidak terdapat perbedaan kejadian preeklamsia baik setelah intervensi kalsium dosis tinggi maupun kalsium dosis rendah (p = 0,250). Hal ini berarti kalsium dosis tinggi dan rendahefektif untuk mencegah preeklamsia.Kesimpulan: Kalsium dosis tinggi (1,5g – 2g) efektif dalam mencegah preeklamsia dan tidak ditemukan perbedaan efektivitas antara pemberian kalsium dosis tinggi dengan pemberian kalsium dosis rendah terhadap kejadian preeklamsia.Kata kunci: kalsium dosis tinggi, preeklamsia, randomized control trial

Melanogenic Regulatory Factors in Coated Vesicles from Melanoma Cells

Coated vesicles have been found to contain much higher tyrosinase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities than pre-melanosomes. This indicates that similar to tyrosinase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme responsible for pheomelanogenesis, is highly concentrated in coated vesicles after its maturation in Golgi associated endoplasmic reticulum (GERL). Furthermore, in the pre- and post-dopaquinone melanogenic pathway, coated vesicles convert dopachrome to colorless indole compounds mere quickly than in premelanosomes because of their higher dopachrome conversion factor activity. Melanosomes have been found to exhibit indole conversion factor activity, while coated vesicles show indole blocking factor activity. In moderately tyrosinase-rich premelanosomes, the levels of dopachrome conversion factor and indole blocking factor are lower than in coated vesicles or melanosomes. High levels of indole blocking factor in coated vesicles may indicate why melanin polymer formation does not occur there in vivo despite their high tyrosinase activity

Net-charge probability distributions in heavy ion collisions at chemical freeze-out

We explore net charge probability distributions in heavy ion collisions within the hadron resonance gas model. The distributions for strangeness, electric charge and baryon number are derived. We show that, within this model, net charge probability distributions and the resulting fluctuations can be computed directly from the measured yields of charged and multi-charged hadrons. The influence of multi-charged particles and quantum statistics on the shape of the distribution is examined. We discuss the properties of the net proton distribution along the chemical freeze-out line. The model results presented here can be compared with data at RHIC energies and at the LHC to possibly search for the relation between chemical freeze-out and QCD cross-over lines in heavy ion collisions.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure

Profil Pasien Kontraktur yang Menjalani Perawatan Luka Bakar di RSUD Arifin Achmad Periode Januari 2011 – Desember 2013

ABSTRACKThe aim of this research is to find out the profile of contracture patients after burn injury treatments. We hold the research at Surgery department, Arifin Achmad hospital from 30th November – 17th December, 2014.This research is descriptive study with cross sectional approach. From 237 populations, we took 12 for our sample with total sampling method. Data collected by the review of medical records of patients hospitalized for burn injury from January 2011 – December 2013. Parameter investigated include patients\u27 frequent, data for extent of burn injury degree, age, and sex gender were tabulated, computerized and analyzed.From the data we have gathered, we got burn injury patients were 237 people, and 12 patients were contracture. Number of contracture patients mostly in range 15 – 24 years old (33,4%). Number of contracture patients in female patient were 6 people (50%) and in male patients were 6 people (50%). Almost all burn extent was deep dermal (2nd degree) (58,3%) and full thickness (3rd degree) (41,7%)